scholarly journals Sustainable development as a factor in the energy dependency of the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-358
Author(s):  
Stevan Rapaic
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Dependency ◽  
The Eu

The main thesis of the author starts with the fact that the Sustainable Development Strategy of the European Union is one of the major long-term reducing instrument of energy dependency of the European Union. This paper gives an overview of the total energy consumption and production in the EU and its energy dependence on imports, mainly oil and gas. In order to meet the needs of sustainable development, the EU aims to cut consumption of crude oil, natural gas and solid fuels, and also to encourage the production and consumption of renewable energy, which would reduce the import of fossil fuels and contribute to energy efficiency. Despite numerous measures in order to achieve sustainable development, crude oil and natural gas remain the most important fuels in the EU, while its total energy dependency has increased over the past ten years.

scholarly journals The Three Seas Initiative and its Economic and Geopolitical Effect on the European Union and Central and Eastern Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Zbińkowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Eu

The objective of this paper is a presentation of results of an analysis of the Three Seas Initiative (TSI), whose participating countries (except Austria) treat it as a method of: a) reducing their dependence on crude oil and natural gas imports from Russia, thus increasing their energy security; b) accelerated filling of the persisting civilisation gap between the initiative participants and more developed EU countries owing to the improved quality and maturity of the transport and digital North‑South infrastructure; and c) the actual implementation of the “vision of a Europe whole, free and at peace.” The analysis has assumed the following research hypothesis: The CEE states’ joining the EU has not markedly changed those states’ development, as material differences do still exist in this respect between the new EU states and the old ones, which was verified positively.

TERRITORIAL COHESION POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF EU REGIONAL SECURITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (Vol 18, No 4 (2019)) ◽  
pp. 439-453
Author(s):  
Ihor LISHCHYNSKYY
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Territorial Cohesion ◽  
Interregional Cooperation ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the study of the implementation of territorial cohesion policy in the European Union in order to achieve a secure regional coexistence. In particular, the regulatory and institutional origins of territorial cohesion policy in the EU are considered. The evolution of ontological models of cohesion policy has been outlined. Specifically, the emphasis is placed on the key objective of political geography – effectively combining the need for "territorialization" and the growing importance of networking. The role of urbanization processes in the context of cohesion policy is highlighted. Cross-border dimensions of cohesion policy in the context of interregional cooperation are explored. Particular emphasis is placed on the features of integrated sustainable development strategies.

scholarly journals Exploring cross-border cooperation in Eastern Europe: What kind of initiatives have developed in the Romanian-Hungarian border area?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Elena Grad-Rusu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation ◽  
The Eu

Since the beginning, the European Union has believed and promoted the idea that an increase in cross-border cooperation contributes to enhanced European integration. This means that cross-border cooperation supports sustainable development along the EU’s internal and external borders, helps reduce differences in living standards and addresses common challenges across these borders. The aim of this paper is to examine the cross-border initiatives between Romania and Hungary with a special focus on the INTERREG projects, which have provided new sources of funding for cross-border activities and regional development in the RomanianHungarian border area. In this context, the cooperation has intensified in the last two decades, especially since Romania joined the EU in 2007. The research proves that cross-border projects and initiatives represent an important source of funding for this type of intervention, when no similar funding sources are available.

The study of uniformity of development across regions and countries of the European Union

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 26-42
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Cheba
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Sustainable Development Indicators ◽  
Vector Calculus ◽  
Informational Basis ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of the article is to analyse the uniformity of changes over time concerning sustainable development of the European Union. Such analyses are particularly important as the pursuit of sustainable development of the EU countries is one of its strategic developmental objectives. The informational basis of the study were the sustainable development indicators for the years 2009—2014 published by the Eurostat. Vector calculus was used to examine the uniformity of changes. The results of the analysis confirmed significant differences in, both across regions in Europe and EU member countries.

scholarly journals Eco-innovations for a circular economy: the EU countries rankings

2021 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Konstantin G. Gomonov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Eu

This article reveals the importance of implementing eco-innovation for the circular economy and sustainable development. The author provides different approaches to measuring the level of development of eco-innovation in the countries of the European Union. The two main indices for measuring eco-innovation are revealed in more detail. Described the pillars of each of the indices. Clustering of EU countries was carried out using the k-means method and groups of countries were identified by the level of implementation of eco-innovation. The clear leaders are Denmark, Sweden. Bulgaria, Cyprus, Poland are catching-up countries.

scholarly journals Serbian gas sector in the spotlight of oil and gas agreement with Russia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Brkić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Policy ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
South Stream

The Russian natural gas industry is the world's largest producer and transporter of natural gas. This paper identifies the benefits for Serbia as transient country to European Union for Russian natural gas through South Stream gas-line in the current political context of implementation of gas agreement. On the other hand, according to the Agreement on Stabilization and Integration to European Union, Serbia is obligatory to implement reforms in energy sector and its energy policy must be in accordance with the European Union policy. Republic of Serbia has produced and consumed natural gas domestically since 1952, but has always been net importer. Strategy of Energy Development in Serbia and especially, National Action Plan for the gasification on the territory of Republic of Serbia dedicated special attention to gas economy development in respect with expected contribution in efficient energy use and environmental policy protection in the country.

scholarly journals Energy market in European Union and interests of Serbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-535
Author(s):  
Stevan Rapaic
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Strategic Partner ◽  
Transit Country ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Main Factors

The author deals with energy market in Europe by presenting the gross consumption of energy as well as production of energy within the European Union. The need of EU for natural gas and crude oil is one of the main factors why Russia is still the key player in Europe's energy market. European Union is trying to leave Russia behind by importing crude oil and natural gas from countries like Norway, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Libya, Nigeria, Iraq, but Europe is still highly dependent of Russian energy. Considering these facts, Serbia recognizes that its economic and political interest is to become a strategic partner with European Union as transit country for Russia's natural gas and crude oil. .

The European Union oil dependency: a threat to economic growth and diplomatic freedom

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Alexis Acevedo ◽  
Maria Lorca-Susino
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy Dependency ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Data Statistics ◽  
The Eu

Purpose This paper provides a general review of the current energy dependency of the European Union (EU) and the possible threat that it poses to economic growth and diplomatic freedom. Design/methodology/approach Systematic literature review with a narrative approach to analyze historical data, statistics and energy policies and determine if the EU oil dependency represents a threat to economic growth and diplomatic freedom. In addition, a review of the US policy “America first” is also included to analyze its impact on the EU. Findings The energy dependency rate of the EU increased 12 percentage points from 1990 to 2018. Russia has become the largest oil supplier for the EU tripling Norway, the largest supplier in the 1990s. The oil dependency of the EU on Russia is a difficult situation where guaranteed energy supply and diplomatic freedom becomes a national political controversy. Even though the USA is currently a top world exporter of oil, the EU does not rely on the USA. The findings suggest that the EU needs to secure a reliable energy supplier to guarantee economic growth, reduce energy scarcity and enhance diplomatic freedom. Originality/value This paper provides a historical examination of the EU oil dependency considering its impact on economic growth and diplomatic freedom.

Ecological features of the use of renewable energy in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER BUCHNEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Eu

The article discusses the environmental features of the active use of renewable energy and its impact on the decarbonization process on the example of the EU countries to achieve sustainable development goals. The materials consider the comparative assessment of environmental impacts of renewable and nuclear energy in the context of assessing the carbon footprint of these types of energy, comparative analysis of harmful substances over the life cycle of an electric power generator, and the possibility of referring nuclear energy to renewable energy sources. The article discusses the stimulating role of the EU Taxonomy regulatory document, which was specially developed in the European Union. The document is part of the state regulatory policy in the conjugate development of renewable and non-renewable energy; the paper provides active support to subjects of innovation and investment activities, demonstrating the best performance in their segment or industry in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, and does not prevent the development and implementation of new low-carbon alternatives, including based on ESG. Particular attention is paid to the disposal of end-of-life equipment, including such promising areas as solvolysis technology. The author offers a number of recommendations for further improvement in this area of activity. The article shows the role of environmental costs in the tariffs for electricity production from different types of primary energy sources. The author examines the contribution of national economies of countries outside the European Union that have stabilized and reduced carbon dioxide emissions on a global scale.

scholarly journals Russia between China and the European Union: Friends or Foes?

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Juhan Värk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Russian President ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Sharp Criticism ◽  
The Eu

AbstractFor a long time Russia has regarded the European Union and China as its main economic and trade partners, giving preference to the EU. A sudden change occurred in October 2008, when as a response to the EU’s sharp criticism of the Kremlin over the Georgian-Russian military conflict, Russia decided to re-orient its foreign economic and trade policy from the EU to China and partially also to India. At the same time Russian-Chinese military and energy cooperation started to grow. Russia sold China oil and gas at low price and supplied it with advanced weaponry, which has increased China’s aggression toward its neighbours. Russia also started to politically and militarily support China’s activities in Syria and Iran, which, in turn, worsened Russia’s relations with several EU Member States, including Germany, France and Italy, with whom Russia was planning to cooperate in the developing of the Nord Stream gas pipeline project. However, Russian President Vladimir Putin still declares a great continuing friendship and solidarity with China and is hoping to see the worsening of China’s conflict with the US, which, Putin claims, could avert China’s direct conflict with Russia. Several leading Russian military and political experts describe this hope as unrealistic. At the same time, the volume of EU-Russian mutual trade was almost 395 billion US dollars in 2011, which exceeds in volume the Chinese-Russian trade volume by more than four times. It shows that Russia’s trade reset from the EU to China has been negligible. Also, it is bad news for Russia and China that Iran today stifles cooperation with Georgia and Chinese separatist Uyghurs, and Syrian Bashar al-Assad’s regime is developing cooperation with al Qaeda, and does not explain Russia’s and China’s current similar foreign policy toward Iran and Syria.

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