scholarly journals Economic growth, regional convergence, human capital, research and development, turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
Hakki Bolkol
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Regional Convergence ◽  
The West ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
East Region ◽  
West Region ◽  
Positive Effect

This study analyzes convergence among regions of Turkey from an endogenous growth perspective. The results show that human capital, which is represented with R&D personnel, has a negative impact on economic growth in the regions based on its percentage in total employment. Moreover, we find that there is an estimated U-shaped relationship, which implies that if the percentage of R&D personnel in total employment increases after a certain level, the effect has a tendency of turning positive; the west region is especially closer to having a positive effect. However, regarding convergence, the relatively high-income west is closer to experiencing the positive effect of R&D personnel. Moreover, due to the relatively low percentage of R&D personnel in the east region, the economic growth of the east region is more negatively affected by R&D personnel. Therefore, using a strategy that is based on increasing the percentage of R&D personnel cannot help the east region to close the differences in income.

scholarly journals How do Poverty and Income Inequality affect Economic Growth in Developing Countries?

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-558
Author(s):  
Hamza Saleem ◽  
Fatima Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Aurmaghan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
World Development

The major objective of this research is to examine the relationship between poverty, income inequality and economic growth from some selected developing countries. This study uses panel data for the period of 2002-2015. All the data is taken from world development indicators (WDI). To find out the results, we have used Hausman test an econometrics technique for panel data in this research. The results of the study indicate that poverty and income inequality have a negative impact on economic growth on the other hand Gross capital formation, labor force, total population and government consumption and expenditure have a positive impact on economic growth. The result tells us that changes in these variables have a significant and positive effect on the dependent variable. To achieve the goal of economic growth developing countries should reduce poverty and take meaningful steps to overcome the problem of inequality in the society which can be very helpful in achieving the goal of economic growth.

scholarly journals Impact of Trade Openness and Human Capital on Economic Growth: A Comparative Investigation of Asian Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabail Amna Intisar ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen ◽  
Rakhshanda Kousar ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Southern Asia ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of trade openness and human capital on economic growth in 19 Asian countries from 1985 to 2017. We selected two geographically distributed regions (Western and Southern Asia) based on difference in their GDP per capita. We applied the unit root tests to examine the level of stationarity and found that all variables were integrated at first difference. Kao and Fisher cointegration tests were employed and the results revealed the presence of a long-run relationship. We applied fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) models to check the magnitude of the long-run coefficients among trade openness, human capital and economic growth. To investigate the direction of causality, we used a Dumitrescu and Hurlin (DH) causality test. The results indicated that trade openness and human capital have a significant and positive relationship while labor force participation has a negative effect on economic growth in Southern Asia, and in the case of Western Asia, the impact is positive. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has a negative and significant impact on GDP per capita (GDPPC) in Western Asia while it is positive and significant in Southern Asia; Total population (TPOP) has a negative impact on GDPPC in both regions. Furthermore, human capital has a positive and significant impact on trade openness in both panels. Meanwhile, labor force participation (LFP) has a positive and significant impact on trade openness in Southern Asia and a negative impact in the case of Western Asia. Trade openness and economic growth have bidirectional causality in Western Asia and unidirectional causality in Southern Asia. It also shows that human capital and economic growth have unidirectional causality in both regions.

Zur Verzahnung von Familienpolitik und Bildungspolitik: eine wirtschaftspolitische Einordnung

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hüther ◽  
Hans-Peter Klös ◽  
Susanne Seyda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Young People ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Human Capital Formation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article addresses the relationship between two policies that are to ensure wealth and economic growth: family policy and educational policy. Current demographic changes in Germany are widely expected to have a negative impact on economic growth. One way to tackle this problem is to devise a family policy that takes into account current demographic developments and encourages young people to set up a family of their own. A second major determinant of future wealth is the formation of human capital. This article analyzes measures relating to both family policy and human capital formation. Particular attention is devoted to links and synergetic effects between the two policy variables.

scholarly journals Trade Openness and Economic Growth in Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshmeer Makun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Full Benefit ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Econometric Technique

This study is an attempt to examine the effects of trade openness along with two other conditioning variables on economic growth in Malaysia by applying time-series econometric technique. LSE-Henry’s general to specific approach results show significant positive effect of trade openness on growth. Human capital and good economic policies tested with an interaction term increases the growth effects of trade openness. The addition of these variables and findings are significant statistically and robust to different specifications. On the basis of the findings, it is concluded that while trade openness enhance growth, decision makers should also focus on human capital development. In addition, decision makers should ensure good economic policies to take full benefit of trade openness.

scholarly journals Trade Openness, Economic Growth and the Vicissitude of Labor-intensive Industries: The Case of China

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Ying ◽  
Li Jing ◽  
Yu Guansheng ◽  
Yuan Dongyang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Transformation Theory ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
The One

Abstract In this paper, we use China’s 1986-2008 data to make an empirical analysis on the interrelationship between trade openness, economic growth and the structural change of labor-intensive industries by using simultaneous equation models and a VAR model. Our empirical study leads to the three conclusions. First, trade openness has accelerated economic growth, though with some negative impact on the development of labor-intensive industries; Second, economic growth has had a positive effect on trade openness, but again negatively impacted the development of labor-intensive industries. Third, the expansion of labor-intensive industries has had negative effects on both trade openness and economic growth. Methodologically we rely on the transformation theory of industrial structure as an analytical framework to empirically study these three paradoxical outcomes. We introduce the three variables: trade openness, economic growth and the change of labor-intensive industries, as dependent as well as independent variables into our empirical models. And then we use technological progress, the share of secondary industries to GDP, total employment and investment ratio as control variables in order to test the robustness of the empirical results. In addition to explaining the factors responsible for changes in labor-intensive export industries we also provide two policy implications: First, labor-intensive industries should be scaled down to improve the efficiency of resources allocation. Second, China should timely transform its industrial structure of the export sectors from the one that is dominated by labor-intensive industries to the one that is dominated by capital (technology)-intensive industries so as to induce the export sectors to move in the direction favorable to the transformation of China’s present outward pattern of economic development.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAMPAK SEKTOR INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR, KEMISKINAN DAN BELANJA PEMERINTAH BIDANG LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azanul Akbar Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Manufacturing sector is one of the sectors that contribute to economic growth in Indonesia. Results of these contributions is the changing structure of the Indonesian economy from agriculture to the industrial sector. And poverty in Indonesia which is one indicator of well‐being in an area tend to be in 2000 to 2010 has a pattern that tends to decline, although not very significant. Of 2 (two) variables, namely the Manufacturing Sector and Poverty, the author tries to determine the impact of variables on water quality in Indonesia, by adding variable Expenditures Environmental Affairs as variables that also impact the water quality in Indonesia. Manufacturing Sector GDP, the number of poor, Regional Budget (APBD) Environmental Field, each is used as a proxy for the manufacturing sector, poverty and Environment Sector Government expenditure. The data is compiled based on 28 provinces in Indonesia in 2009, 2010 and 2011. The results obtained showed that the industrial sector and poverty have a negative impact on water quality while Government Expenditure Environment Sector positive effect on water quality in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Relationship between Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in ASEAN: Evidence from Indonesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Tangguh Chairil ◽  
Dedy Sinaga ◽  
Annisa Febrianti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Multiplier Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

World military expenditure in post-Cold War world shows increasing trend especially in ASEAN region; Indonesia is no exception. The trend may have been supported by the argument that military expenditure has positive multiplier effects on economic growth. Unfortunately, there have been not too many studies on the effect of military expenditure on economic growth in the Indonesia context. This paper examines the topic by first reviewing literature on the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth, then by empirically testing the causal relationship between the two variables by using the Augmented Sollow Growth Model. The result shows that Indonesia's military expenditure has positive effect on the country's economic growth, which is most possibly caused by development of human capital as effect of military expenditure.

scholarly journals Seismic Anisotropy at the Hikurangi Subduction Margin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Thomas Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Seismic Anisotropy ◽  
The West ◽  
Study Region ◽  
East Region ◽  
West Region ◽  
Gravitational Stress ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

<p>To determine the stress state in the southern North Island of New Zealand, we use shear wave splitting analysis to measure seismic anisotropy and infer the orientation of the maximum horizontal stress directions (Shmax) in the crust. We use data recorded by 44 temporary seismometers deployed as part of the Seismic Array Hikurangi Experiment, and from six permanent stations from the national GeoNet network. Using 425 local earthquake events recorded across the 50 stations we made 13,807 measurements of the two splitting parameters, φ (fast direction) and δt (delay time). These measurements are compared to SHmax directions obtained from previous focal mechanism studies (SfocalHmax), and stresses due to the weight of topography (SgravHmax). Generally there is good agreement between the alignment of SfocalHmax, SgravHmax, and the mean φ measured at each station. We also find a∼ 90◦ change in the trend of φ in the Wairarapa region for stations across the Wairarapa Fault trace. Based on the variation of φ, we divide the study region into three regions (West, Basin, and East), whose bounds approximately coincide with the Wairarapa and Dry Creek faults. We find the average φ of the West region average agrees with previous anisotropy studies, which were undertaken within the bounds of the West region on the Tararua array. Also, we use our delay time measurements to estimate a 3.7±1.2% strength of anisotropy in the overriding Australian Plate, which agrees with the 4% crustal anisotropy measured previously. There is close alignment of the region average φ of the West and East regions, which also agrees with the deep splitting measurements previously obtained. There is no significant difference between the mean φ and Sgravhmax for the West and Basin regions; however, we find a difference of 31± 19.5◦ for the East region. We argue that this difference is due to tectonic loading stresses being sufficiently large in the East region to cause the total stress field to deviate from the gravitational stress field.</p>

scholarly journals Factors which are Affecting Human Capital in Singapore

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Nazmuz Sakib
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Correlation Tests ◽  
Human Capital Index ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Growth Indicators

The human capital index is a multivariate variable used to measure the assessment of human resource productivity in the future. Human capital has a connection with economic development. Moreover, the study looks to analyses the relationship between Human Capital and Economic Growth indicators such as HCI and GDP. Human Capital relates to the development of individual skills to make them function more profitable for the national economy. The study was aimed at investigating the effect of population, the number of people engaged and the average annual hours worked by engaged persons on the human capital index. The analysis was in SPSS for the findings. Correlation tests were used for analysis. The study revealed that population, the number of people engaged and the average annual hours worked by engaged persons had a significant positive effect on the human capital index.

scholarly journals Institutional obstacles to Brazil’s economic growth and development

2015 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Werner Baer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Infrastructure Investments

This article tries to discover some of the roots behind Brazil’s slow economic growth. These include the generally low investment/GDP ratio, the country’s incapacity to implement timely infrastructure investments, the long-term overvalued exchange rate, the poverty of human capital, the incapacity to do state-of-the-arts research and development, and the weak educational system.

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