scholarly journals Attitudes of psychology freshmen to mathematics

Psihologija ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
Lazar Tenjovic ◽  
Aleksandar Zoric
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
Attitude Towards Mathematics ◽  
The One

Two components of the attitude towards mathematics were examined on the groups of psychology and ethnology freshmen using the Attitude to Mathematics Questionnaire by L. Aiken: Enjoyments in mathematics and Value of Mathematics. The means of the psychology students on the two components of the attitude towards mathematics were almost in the middle between those of the civil engineering students on the one side, and those of the ethnology students on the other side. However, considering the markedly asymmetric result distributions on specific components of the attitude towards mathematics, with a view of more real positioning of the psychology students compared with the remaining two groups according to their relation to mathematics, all the subjects were clustered pursuant to their answers to the respective Questionnaire items. The cluster analysis results lead to the conclusion that in their attitude towards mathematics most of the psychology freshmen are closer to the students of those faculties who use mathematics as basic ''tools'' than to the students freshly enrolled in other fields traditionally not employing mathematical ''tools'' in their work. Likewise, a positive attitude towards mathematics prevails in the psychology freshmen.

scholarly journals Clustering suicides: A data-driven, exploratory machine learning approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Ludwig ◽  
Daniel König ◽  
Nestor D. Kapusta ◽  
Victor Blüml ◽  
Georg Dorffner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
Methods Of Suicide

Abstract Methods of suicide have received considerable attention in suicide research. The common approach to differentiate methods of suicide is the classification into “violent” versus “non-violent” method. Interestingly, since the proposition of this dichotomous differentiation, no further efforts have been made to question the validity of such a classification of suicides. This study aimed to challenge the traditional separation into “violent” and “non-violent” suicides by generating a cluster analysis with a data-driven, machine learning approach. In a retrospective analysis, data on all officially confirmed suicides (N = 77,894) in Austria between 1970 and 2016 were assessed. Based on a defined distance metric between distributions of suicides over age group and month of the year, a standard hierarchical clustering method was performed with the five most frequent suicide methods. In cluster analysis, poisoning emerged as distinct from all other methods – both in the entire sample as well as in the male subsample. Violent suicides could be further divided into sub-clusters: hanging, shooting, and drowning on the one hand and jumping on the other hand. In the female sample, two different clusters were revealed – hanging and drowning on the one hand and jumping, poisoning, and shooting on the other. Our data-driven results in this large epidemiological study confirmed the traditional dichotomization of suicide methods into “violent” and “non-violent” methods, but on closer inspection “violent methods” can be further divided into sub-clusters and a different cluster pattern could be identified for women, requiring further research to support these refined suicide phenotypes.

CDIO-Based Simulation Practice Course of Civil Engineering

2011 ◽  
Vol 271-273 ◽  
pp. 1538-1541
Author(s):  
Gang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Teacher Research ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Spare Time ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Education Model ◽  
The One ◽  
Simulation Practice

‘Simulation of Civil Engineering’ is a ‘3+1’ special courses for the department of civil engineering, The students have difficulty in this study because of many related courses and lacking of time. The CDIO-based engineering education model uses the innovation practice base of construction as a platform, through the study of specific actual project and the organization of students’ teams in-depth study in their spare time. On the one hand, this project can string related courses together and sum up knowledge, on the other hand, this project can integrate teacher research projects, student research scheme, the course of simulation of civil engineering and graduation papers (design), to achieve the effect of multiple purposes.

“Think positively”: Parkinson’s disease, biomedicine, and hope in contemporary Germany

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Metzler ◽  
Paul Just
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Thinking ◽  
Illness Narrative ◽  
Incurable Disease ◽  
Advanced Therapies ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One

Narratives of hope shape contemporary engagements with Parkinson’s disease. On the one hand, a “biomedical narrative of hope” promises that biomedical research will help to transform this treatable but incurable disease into a curable one in the future. On the other hand, a more individual “illness narrative of hope” encourages patients to influence the course of Parkinson’s disease by practicing self-care and positive thinking. This article asks how these two narratives of hope interact. It bases its argument on an analysis of data from 13 focus groups conducted in Germany in 2012 and 2014 with patients with Parkinson’s disease and their relatives. Participants were asked to have their say on clinical trials for advanced therapies for Parkinson’s disease and, while doing so, envisioned their biosocial selves in the present and the future. Three “modes of being” for patients were drawn from this body of data: a “users on stand-by” mode, an “unengaged” mode, and an “experimental pioneers” mode. Both narratives of hope were important to all three modes, yet they were mobilized at different frequencies and also had different statuses. While the biomedical narrative of hope was deemed an important “dream of the future” that participants passively supported without having to make it their own, the illness narrative of hope was a truth discourse that took an imperative form: having Parkinson’s disease implied the need to maintain a positive attitude.

scholarly journals Research on the Reform of Civil Engineering Practice Teaching under the Cultivation of Innovation Ability

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Yibin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Literacy ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Teaching Reform ◽  
Practice Teaching ◽  
Innovation Ability ◽  
The One

<p>The reform of the current education system has put forward higher requirements on the teaching of colleges and universities. On the one hand, teachers should be responsible for teaching students‘ knowledge and improving students' cultural literacy. On the other hand, they should cultivate students' comprehensive practical ability and innovative ability. Civil engineering major is an important major to train talents for China's economic development. The educational reform of colleges and universities should constantly improve the quality of practical teaching of civil engineering and cultivate talents with strong comprehensive ability for China's economic and social development. At present, the research on the teaching reform of civil engineering is deepening, aiming at improving the quality of civil engineering teaching and promoting the reform of construction course teaching. This paper mainly studies the cultivation of students' innovation ability by the reform of civil engineering practice teaching.</p>

The Paradox of Integration

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene ten Teije ◽  
Marcel Coenders ◽  
Maykel Verkuyten
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Perceived Acceptance ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This study, conducted in The Netherlands, examines the “paradox of integration” proposition by focusing on the relationship between educational attainment and immigrants’ attitude toward the native population. We found that educational level is related to this attitude in two opposite ways. On the one hand, better educated immigrants had more voluntary contact with the native population, and more contact was associated with a more positive attitude, partly because of higher perceived acceptance and lower perceived discrimination. On the other hand and independently of contact, better educated immigrants had a less positive attitude toward the native population because of lower perceived acceptance and higher perceived group discrimination. The latter findings support the paradox of integration proposition. The pattern of results was quite similar for four different immigrant groups.

Aristotle

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-129
Author(s):  
Filippo Del Lucchese
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
The Other ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Final Cause ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Actual Reality ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Material Reality ◽  
The One

This chapter argues that Aristotle’s enquiry on the nature and meaning of monstrosity is rooted in his positive attitude toward the knowledge of lower nature, which enjoy the same status of the science of higher beings. Heavens and earth are thus connected through the divine principle that is active throughout the whole nature. Gods thus become author of, but also responsible for, what happens in nature, and Aristotle’s argument provides the ground for every future theodicy. Monstrosity plays a major role in this philosophical approach. Aristotle develops the opposition between the normal and the abnormal development, through the concept of accidental necessity, namely the necessity that is at stake in natural processes that not always happen in the same way. Monsters are of pivotal importance in this ontological picture, because of their paradoxical ambiguity. On the one hand, they are the sign and symptom or a resistant nature, which opposes itself to Aristotle’s major ontological invention, namely the form and the final cause. On the other hand, without this hyatus between formal perfection and actual reality, nature would not exist in the way we experience it: there would be no diversity, no better and worse, no normal and monstrous. Monstrosity is necessary for Aristotle to explain nature and its ontological structure based on the substitition of dynamic forms and ends to both the static ideas of Plato and the exclusively material reality of atomists.

Stable individual differences in situation‐behaviour, construct‐behaviour, and goal‐behaviour relations

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Claeys ◽  
Luc Timmers ◽  
Karen Phalet
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Cognitive Social Learning ◽  
The One ◽  
Interpersonal Situations ◽  
Practical Implications

This study starts from a cognitive‐social‐learning conceptualization of the contribution of static person by situation interaction to overt behaviour variance. Individual differences in the relation between, on the one hand, situational variation in behaviour and, on the other hand, situational variation in objective situational characteristics, situational variation in construed situational characteristics, and situational variation in goals‐in‐situations were systematically investigated. Thirty‐six first‐year psychology students had to freely generate and briefly describe 20 interpersonal situations that they had encountered during the last year. Afterwards, they had to rate each situation for four basic behavioural continua, eight supplied objective situational characteristics, eight supplied constructs, and eight supplied goals. Correlational analysis revealed many stable individual differences, not only in degree, but also in direction (sign) of situation‐behaviour, construct–behaviour, and goal–behaviour relations. These relational variables could be reduced to seven relational factorial dimensions. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Affective and Cognitive Dimensions of Trust in Communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Barna Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Trust ◽  
Affective Trust ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions

Abstract Based on the complexity of communication acts, the paper presents how affective and cognitive aspects are intertwined. First of all, the context of trust and the conditions of its appearance are examined. It is followed by an analysis of trust as an attitude which reveals the difference between contractual approaches and alliances. The relationship between communication and trust is presented by the illocutionary acts. As a result of the analysis, trust can be conceived as a positive attitude of expectation, where one person relies on the assumed good faith, suitability, and sensitivity of the other person, where, although vulnerable, the one who trusts counts on the fact that the trusted person will not abuse his/her position but rather provide assistance to his/her best knowledge in a given area. Cognitive trust is reinforced if the proper data are available, understandable, fit into prior knowledge, and anticipate the possible forms of operation. With affective trust, the issue is not data quality and quantity but rather the way how they are presented.

Faecal and caecal microbiota profiles of mice do not cluster in the same way

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanyong Pang ◽  
Finn Kvist Vogensen ◽  
Dennis Sandris Nielsen ◽  
Axel Kornerup Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The One ◽  
Caecal Microbiota

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based denaturation gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) is currently being used for characterizing the composition of the gut microbiota (GM) of mice in order to better control the study variation arising from the GM. At present, faeces are commonly sampled from live animals, while caecum is most commonly sampled from terminated animals. However, there is no knowledge whether the composition at the one site is representative for the other. In this study C57BL/6 mice were observed from the age of four weeks until the age of 10 weeks. Faeces were sampled weekly. Caecum was sampled surgically under anaesthesia and with subsequent ampicillin treatment at the age of six weeks and again after euthanasia at the age of 10 weeks. Faecal and caecal microbiota profiles were determined using DGGE and subjected to subsequent cluster analysis. The mice subjected to surgical caecal sampling clustered separately for two weeks after termination of antibiotics after which they again clustered with the non-surgically sampled mice. Faecal and caecal profiles clustered separately at the age of six weeks, but not at the age of 10 weeks. There were no correlations between faecal or caecal profiles at six or 10 weeks of age, respectively. It is concluded that faecal and caecal microbiota profiles are not representative of each other in mice. Therefore, it is recommendable in studies to sample from several sites specifically decided in relation to the specific model of a study.

scholarly journals Interviewer presence can affect learning with interview videos

2021 ◽  
pp. 204275302199531
Author(s):  
Fang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Learning Outcome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Attention Effect ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The One ◽  
Generative Processing

Interviews with scholars and experts are becoming more and more popular as e-learning materials. Yet how an interview video should be edited is mostly based on personal preference rather than on rigorous scientific research. Thus this study tested whether showing the interviewer in educational interview videos can affect the learning outcome. Two interview learning materials on two topics (eye tracking and text–picture integration) were conducted by the author and edited in two versions. One version was with the interviewer and the other version was without the interviewer, the latter’s image and voice being edited out. Psychology students ( N = 180) watched either the video with or the one without the interviewer and answered the corresponding questions. Results in an online experiment yielded a better learning outcome in the video without the interviewer than in the video with the interviewer. It is probable that the absence of the interviewer can protect participants from extraneous processing and a split-attention effect. The without-interviewer video, segmented by displaying interview questions in keywords on slides, seemed to assist participants in managing the essential processing. The absence of the interviewer may avoid the confusion of multiple instructors, which fosters the generative processing. This study provides practical and pedagogical implications and suggests that removing the image and voice of the interviewer is likely to promote learning.

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