How do lecturers upgrade themselves from university - industry linkages? Evidences from Vietnam

The collaboration between universities and industry is trending these days thanks to the myriad of benefits that it brings to both parties involved. The impact of this cooperation allows both companies and universities to rely on each other in terms of creating mutual value over time. This paper will discuss the actual reality of this interdependent relationship based on the statistics collected from a research survey, as well as its standing in the role of supporting lifelong learning towards university lecturers. The popularity of university-industry collaboration has provided undeniable advantages to both the academics and companies. However, to aim for a more sustainable development, a clear mechanism and expansion to support society and lecturers’ lifelong learning is much needed. Incorporating lifelong learning of lecturers is a challenge and necessity for lecturers, in order to enhance their professionalism, update and deepen their knowledge through professional development. Within the scope of this article, based on an overview of the content of the cooperation between enterprises and universities related to lifelong learning of lecturers, the authors draw a number of lessons to promote university- industry relationships, while improving lifelong learning for lecturers.

Double-Sided Transformations of Culture-Bound Constituents in William Saroyan’s Cross-Cultural Domain

The article focuses on the transformations, which occur in Russian and Armenian translations of culture-bound constituents in W. Saroyan’s fiction with special reference to the analysis of their pragmatic value and both cross-cultural and cross-language identification. The aim of the analysis is to reveal the so-called Saroyanesque identity and the translation perspectives of his specific manner of reproducing the actual reality, his personal vision of the world he lived in and created in, the world which combined the environment, circumstances, conditions, characters, cultures, ethnicity of two different communities – his native Armenian and no less native America. The so-called double-sided transformations of culture-bound constituents occur in W. Saroyan’s fiction at basically two levels: the cognitive level of ethnic and mental indicators transformations and the linguistic level of culture-bound elements translation (words, phrases, exclamations etc.). To keep Saroyanesque identity the translators should primarily transform the ideas, the concepts, the ethnic mentality of the characters, then the language media should undergo certain pragmatic modification to be correctly interpreted by the target audience.

واقع الحرية في الحضارات القديمة ومنطلقات ممارستها في المجتمعات الإسلامية المعاصرة (The Reality of Freedom in Past Civilizations and Its Practices in Contemporary Islamic Societies)

Historical reading of the actual picture of freedom in ancient civilizations and today’s realities indicates that the values of freedom and human rights have been violated. It also indicates that people have been subjugated by authoritarian regimes. The purpose of this research is to reflect on the actual reality of freedom in contemporary Islamic societies. To this effect, the study adopted a descriptive and historical approach using a survey to review the opinions of academics about freedom in contemporary Islamic societies. The study suggests that freedom is not granted easily but is rather obtained by force. It also indicates that freedom is inherent in human nature and it is often enhanced by persistence, enriched by satisfaction, and prescribed by good legislations. The opinions obtained by the survey also suggest that there exists an utterly insignificant and limited space of freedom in Islamic societies. To yield fruitful results in our contemporary life, freedom must be originated from the servitude to the Almighty Allah by adhering to the Islamic constants in the Quran and Prophetic traditions and referring to Islamic legislation in which all rights are protected without favor nor exception.

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND MODEL OF RESEARCH ON LIMINALITY IN TOURISM

Liminality is important in the tourism field to measure the tourist experience from their satisfaction, whether the actual reality experienced meets their expectations. Conceptual research method using secondary data are used in this study. This paper reviews some selected theories and models to comprehend more on the concept of liminality with tourism. For that, the theories and models that would be examined are Five Phases Tourism Model (1966), SERVQUAL Model (1988), Liminality Tourism Structure Model (2019) and Classical and Post-modern Liminality Comparative Theory (2016). The Five Phases Tourism Model is a model used to describe the experience in various phases: expectation, away trip, tourist destination, return trip, and memories, while a SERVQUAL Model is used to measure the quality of service. The Liminality Tourism Structure Model describes the tourist experience from various elements such as physical, social, and emotional. Finally, the Classical and Post-modern Liminality Comparative Theory compares the classical liminal experience of society in ancient times and the liminal experience of post-modern society. The literature review results show that the theories and models aid in explaining tourist experience using five phases and was influenced by several aspects. Thus, the combination of all these existing models related to liminality will help to understand tourists more deeply and measure the level of tourist satisfaction that are seen from their experience, expectation, and the actual reality being experienced by them.

The reality of academic accreditation in Saudi universities in light of accreditation experiences in the United States of America & Japan and the United Kingdom: واقع الاعتماد الأكاديمي في الجامعات السعودية في ضوء تجارب الاعتماد بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية واليابان والمملكة المتحدة

The current study aimed to identify the reality of the institutional academic accreditation of Saudi universities in the light of the experiences of some countries, and to achieve this goal the comparative descriptive approach was used to describe the actual reality of academic accreditation in the following four comparison countries Saudi Arabia, the United States of America, Japan and the United Kingdom, in terms of the supervisors of academic accreditation, academic accreditation standards, and academic accreditation procedures, and then to analyze the similarities and differences between them. The study found that there was a significant similarity between the four countries in accreditation objectives and some accreditation criteria and accreditation procedures, and differed in the number of accreditation institutions. In light of this, some benefits have been extracted to develop the institutional academic accreditation of Saudi universities. The researchers also made a number of recommendations and proposals to raise the standards of academic accreditation in the kingdom's universities to meet their counterparts in the comparison countries.

‘The countryside starts here’: How the urban-rural divide continues to matter in post-urban Flanders

Contemporary scholarship has critically interrogated categorical distinctions of urban and rural settlement types, shifting attention to processes of urbanisation instead. Yet, in some cases, the urban-rural dichotomy still proves an indispensable category to understand the governance of urbanisation. In this article, we explore this apparent contradiction: why is it that a distinction which is clearly inadequate in capturing the actual reality of urbanisation in post-urban regions still strongly informs the way a variety of actors involved in spatial planning think and act? This question is explored through an in-depth qualitative study of spatial governance in the fragmented post-urban settlement structure of Flanders, Belgium. Central to the study is the spatial governance instrument of demarcating ‘urban areas’, which is based on a strict urban-rural dichotomy in an attempt to counter sprawl. Through its implementation in the agglomerations of Antwerp and Mechelen, we show how this distinction tends to activate and reproduce a morally charged symbolic urban-rural divide. Combined with anti-urban identities and interests the distinction is instrumentalised in strategic actions of politicians and residents to undermine the instrument’s effectiveness. We conclude that arguments about the need for ‘new epistemologies of the urban’ should take the symbolic power of the urban-rural dichotomy seriously, as declaring these categories obsolete does not in itself lead to their disappearance.

The Profession of a Communicator: Contemporary Thoughts The reference on the book: The Professional Competences of a Specialist in Communications of the XXI Century / ed. A. D. Krivonosov. St. Petersburg, UNECON Publ., 2021. 211 p.

The reference gives a characteristic to the new monography titled “The professional competences of a specialist in communications of the XXI century”, which is the result of a long-term group study of the Communication Technologies and PR Department of St. Petersburgh State Economic University. The monography has been edited by the Head of the Department, professor A. D. Krivonosov. The analysis of the research strategy put into the basis of the monography is provided: from the study of specific features of a contemporary public environment to the determination of professional competences of specialists in communication sphere demanded in the society and further to the development of the model of a foresight approach to forming communicative competences and skills. The obvious advantage of the monography is a close connection between the theoretical foundations and the actual reality of the development of Russian education in communication sphere. The study topicality, sequence in the solution of the set tasks, presentation clarity, scientific value as well as theoretical significance of the monography, the validity of the conclusions have been analyzed. The recommendations for the practical use of the work are given.

Linguosemiotic Approach to the Research of Advertising Discourse (On the Material of Printed Advertising of Hi-Tech Devices and Lighting Systems)

The article deals with theoretical and practical issues of the method of interpretive linguistic semiotic analysis of advertising discourse as well as the communication strategies used by the advertiser. The authors focus on the polysemiotic advertising message, which is viewed as an act of specific communication. The authors distinguish two basic functions of advertising discourse - information and influence in order to induce the purchase of a product or service. The article makes an assumption about the existence of a special advertising reality - a secondary reality, which is modeled by the addressee of the advertising message and, using a complex of verbal and non-verbal means, describes the actual reality in special way. The choice of these means is carried out in order to maximize the impact on the recipient, to attract his attention, to achieve the final advertising effect - to induce the recipient to purchase the advertised product or service.

LEGAL UNCERTAINTY IN PROCEDURAL LEGAL RELATIONS REGULATION MECHANISM AND LEGAL INSTRUMENTS OF ITS ELIMINATION

Legal certainty is one of the crucial law characteristics. However, legal uncertainty has both downsides and upsides thus they must be considered to be its common quality, its particular feature. Despite quite an advanced procedural legal relations regulation level due to form of action requirements, the presence of uncertain generally evaluative notions and categories in provisions of branches of procedure law is determined by the multiplicity of such legal relations. The subject of the study carried out by the author deals with specific ways of legal uncertainty manifestation in procedural legal relations regulation while justice in civil(commercial, administrative) cases is administered; the author also pays attention to identifying characteristics of specific legal instruments application in order to overcome(eliminate) such uncertainties within legal relations regulation mechanism. An application of provisions and principles, unconventional(non-traditional, innovative) sources of procedural law(law doctrine, judicial precedent), interpretations and concrete definitions, structures of presumption and legal fiction, statutory analogy and legal analogy has been suggested to be attributed to legal instruments aiming at elimination of uncertainties within legal relations regulation mechanism. The author argues that turning legal uncertainty into certainty in the area of procedural law should be carried out at the discretion of a law-enforcer when it comes to application of specific provisions, categories and structures within actual reality, social development dynamics and improvements in rights and responsibilities of participants in legal relations.

Teacher Training for Effective Teaching

This paper identifies the training needs of primary and secondary school teachers related to their daily work so that it may be understated as effective professional practice. To this end, a questionnaire has been compiled, completed by teachers from Spain, China, and South Korea, to determine the discrepancies between the aspirational ideal and the actual reality of classroom instruction, with a view to achieving quality teaching. The shared training requirements detected among the informants pertain to learning goals, the curriculum, expectations, autonomy, and formative and responsible evaluation.