scholarly journals Frequency of alcohol use among elementary school pupils at Belgrade territory

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorana Pavlovic ◽  
Branko Jakovljevic
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
School Survey ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs ◽  
First Contact ◽  
Student’S T Test

Introduction Alcoholism is one of the most frequent modern diseases. These kinds of epidemiological studies have not been carried out in this country at a global level. Objective The aim of the study was to establish the spread of alcohol abuse among the young regarding the sex, and find the connection between the alcohol abuse and the consumption of drugs and cigarettes. Methods The study was carried out among the elementary school pupils of the seventh and eighth grade in the area of Belgrade from October 2003 to January 2004. Total of 457 pupils were involved; 229 (50.1%) were boys and 228 (49.9%) girls, aged 12-15 years, the average age being 13.4 years. The method used was the modified questionnaire European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs, which the pupils filled in individually, voluntarily and anonymously. ?2-test, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney Logistic Regression Test were used in statistical processing of the data. Results Almost 70% of the examinees have tried alcohol. Most of the examinees had the first contact with alcohol at the age of 11. Half of our examinees got drunk at least once in their life and about one fifth more than 20 times. The binge form of consumption (five or more drinks in a row) was evident in a quarter of our examinees. Our examinees use alcohol together with other psychoactive substances, mostly marijuana. It was observed that certain types of behavior, such as frequent going out in the evening, were directly related to the abuse of alcohol. Conclusion Two thirds of the examinees have tried alcohol. The first contact with alcohol is shifted to an earlier age (11 years). New trends of alcohol abuse have been noticed, such as binge form of consumption and the connection of use with other psychoactive substances. .

scholarly journals Frequency and risk factors of the use of psychoactive substances among the young

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorana Pavlovic ◽  
Branko Jakovljevic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Social Pathology ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Student’S T

Background/Aim. Socio-economic changes that occurred in the wake of dismemberment of former Yugoslavia resulted in the appearance of social pathology, one of which was the increase in the use of psychoactive substances. The over whole epidemiological research in the use of psychoactive substances has not been conducted so far. The aim of this study was to establish the type and form of the use of psychoactive substances considering sex and age, as well as risk factors for the use of psychoactive substances among the children and adolescents. Methods. The research was carried out among 1011 elementary school children (seventh and eighth grades) and secondary school children (all four grades) in the area of Belgrade from October 2003 to January 2004. Out of the total number 457 (45.2%) were elementary school pupils and 554 (54.8%) secondary school pupils. There were 524 (51.8%) boys and 487 (48.2%) girls, aged from 12 to 18 years (the average age being 15.3 years). The method used was the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs Questionnaire. Chisquare test, Mann-Whitney, Student's t test and Logistic Regression test were used in statistical processing of the data. Results. Totally 14.2% examinees tried psychoactive substances. The most frequent drug used at the first contact was marijuana (10.8%) at the age of 15 tried by 12.7% examinees, inhalants (4.4%), amphetamines (4.1%), sedatives (3.7%), alcohol combined with marijuana (3.9%), then cocaine (2.8%), heroine (2.3%), alcohol combined with sedatives (2.2%), and ecstasy (1.6%), followed by anabolic steroids, heroin, diethilamid lisergic acid (LSD) and magic mushrooms. It was determined that going out in the evening, smoking and binge form drinking were directly connected with the use of psychoactive substances. Conclusion. Totally 14.2% of the examiners used psychoactive substances, mostly marijuana, followed by amphetamines and others. New tendencies of use characterized by the increase in the use are of synthetic substances, simultaneous use of more psychoactive substances and younger age. The risk factors are going out in the evening, smoking, binge drinking and use of synthetic substances among peers. Our research indicates the necessity of primary prevention.

Alcohol consumption in 2049 patients with paranoia

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S300-S300
Author(s):  
M. Guerrero Jiménez ◽  
C.M. Carrillo de Albornoz Calahorro ◽  
A. Porras Segovia ◽  
J.A. Cervilla Ballesteros
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
General Population ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Delusional Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Influence Area ◽  
Delusional Idea ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

IntroductionEpidemiological studies have reported associations between alcohol consumption or abuse and occurrence of delusional disorder (F.22) rather than in general population. Alcohol has not been described as the main cause of the delusional idea, but is an enhancer factor which would inhibit behavioral brake and executive function in prefrontal cortex facilitating the development of the existing delusional idea.HypothesisWe want to confirm this association in our influence area so this study aims to report compared frequency of alcoholism in DD versus a control group published in andalusian population.AimsTo review the literature on the potential links between alcohol abuse and delusional disorder and this relationship in general population.ResultsThis poster presents a brief but updated systematic literature review on the associations between DD and alcohol abuse. We will also present data from a relatively large case-mix of 2049 patients with the diagnosis of delusional disorder resulting from a thorough retrospective, medical-record based, assessment of patients attended in our clinical catchment area.In our sample, alcohol abuse and other drugs consumption was significantly less common in Delusional Disorder than in other psychoses.This result suggests that alcohol and other drugs consumption can be a greater importance parameter in other psychoses correlates than in delusional disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Myofunctional parameters in patients using full removable dentures with progenic and prognathic ratio of the anterior segments of the edentulous jaws

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
D.I. Aksyonov ◽  
Yu.N. Mayboroda ◽  
E.A. Bragin ◽  
I.N. Aksyonov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Anterior Segments ◽  
Artificial Teeth ◽  
Edentulous Jaws ◽  
Student’S T Test ◽  
Made In

The aim study was to construct artificial dentitions based on the method of mathematical modeling with the progenic and prognatic ratios of toothless frontal segments and to analyze the functional activity of the masticatory muscles in patients using dentures made in this way, compared with standard prosthetic structures. To compare and interpret the data obtained, electromyographic studies were performed in the control group (16 people), whose teeth were made using the traditional method, and the main group (22 people), whose artificial teeth were formed according to individual mathematical calculations, taking into account the size of the sagittal gap of the frontal segments of the progenic and prognatic ratio of toothless jaws. Statistical processing of the results of the electro-myographic study was carried out using the Statistica application software package. The digital data were processed by the method of variational statistics using the Student's t-test. The analysis of the obtained data showed the advantages of using individual mathematical calculations when solving the issue of tactics for constructing dentitions in the frontal segment of toothless jaws, taking into account the degree of the sagittal gap in the progenic and prognatic correlation of the jaws and their possible combinations.

Tolerability research of complex antiparasitic preparation «Inspector collar»

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-553
Author(s):  
Демин ◽  
A. Demin ◽  
Арисов ◽  
M. Arisov ◽  
Гламаздин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Drug Application ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective of research: To evaluate the tolerability of the drug, “Inspector Collar” based on Fipronil, Pyriproxyfen and Ivermectin in dogs and cats applied at a therapeutic dose and double increased therapeutic doses. Materials and methods: Research was conducted at the shelter for dogs and cats «Bano Eco» (Moscow). Effect of drug “Inspector Collar” was studied on 15 clinically healthy outbreed dogs between 2 and 6 years with the body mass of 10–14 kg and 15 clinically healthy outbreed cats between 2 and 4 years with the body mass of 2–3,5 kg, receiving complete and balanced nutrition. Animals were divided into six groups (three groups of dogs and three of cats) five animals in each group. Dogs and cats from the first experimental group had put on one collar (equivalent of single therapeutic dose) for 45 days. The second experimental group had put two collars (double therapeutic dose) for 45 days. Animals from the third (control) group did not carry collars. During the experiment, daily supervision of animals was conducted; their general health status, behavior, appetite were observed, body mass and temperature estimated. Before and 15 and 30 days after the beginning of drug application, blood and urine tests were performed to study morphological and biochemical parameters. Statistical processing of data were carried out using Student’s t-test. Results and discussion: The research results showed that the drug “Inspector Collar” is well tolerated even at double therapeutic dose. All observed indicators remained within the physiological norm.

IMMUNOTROPIC EFFECTS OF IVERMECTIN IN PRODUCTIVE AND LABORATORY ANIMALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
T. V. Gerunov
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Cortical Substance ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Dependent Samples ◽  
Student’S T Test

The aim of this work was to identify the immunotropic effects of ivermectin in productive and laboratory animals in real and simulated conditions. The studies were carried out on hybrid pigs at the age of 144 days reared in an industrial pig complex and on Wistar rats aged 5 months with a body weight of 230 - 250 g. For the experiments there was used acaricide insecticide Ivermin (Biovet Drwalew S.A., Poland), which was administered to pigs once subcutaneously in a dose of 0,2 mg / kg and to rats in a tenfold therapeutic dose. Blood samples were taken from pigs either before the administration of Ivermin, and 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30 days after the administration. The level of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) was determined in serum by the method of radial immunodiffusion according to Mancini. To prepare histopreparations, samples of thymus, spleen and lymph nodes were taken from rats 14 days after the administration of the preparation. For statistical processing of experimental data, Student’s T-test for dependent samples has been used.When studying pigs’ blood serum, a decrease in the content of IgG was established in all periods of the study. A decrease in level of IgM and IgA was marked in 7 days after the experiment started. At the end of the experiment, the IgG level remained below the background value by 16,4%; IgM - by 15,2%; IgA – by 33%. In the rat thymus, a narrowing of the cortical substance was observed when a toxic dose of Ivermin was injected, with the splenic follicles reduced, and reproduction centers faintly pronounced. Hemosiderin accumulation was detected around the follicles. In the mesenteric lymph nodes, there was found a thickening of the capsule and the expansion of trabeculae. Cortical substance was narrow and paracortical zone was wide. The results of the study indicate a high risk of immunotoxic effect of ivermectin.

scholarly journals Mathematical Planning When Choosing Rational Dosages of Ingredients for Adjusting the Composition of Bakery Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4562-4565
Keyword(s):  
Soy Protein Isolate ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Test Adequacy ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
Student’S T Test

The article provides a mathematical solution to the problem of choosing the dosages of ingredients in regulating the baking properties of wheat flour with the use of soy protein isolate, which allows not only adjusting the process but also improving the biological value of bakery products. The chosen main factors that influenced bread quality were the following: x1 – the dosage of soybean isolate, %; and x2 – dough moisture, %. These factors were compatible and uncorrelated. The central-composite rotatable design was chosen. The research program was laid out in the experiments planning matrix. The order of experiments was randomized using the table of random numbers, which excluded the influence of uncontrollable parameters on the results of the experiment. For statistical processing of the experiment results, the following statistical criteria were used: the significance of regression equations coefficients – Student's t-test, adequacy of equations – Fisher's variance ratio. As a result of the experimental data statistical processing according to the known methods, regression equations that adequately describe at the significance level of 5 % the dependence of the specific volume of bread and dimensional stability on the studied factors were obtained.

Serosal and cutaneous recordings of gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with gastroparesis

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (1) ◽  
pp. G90-G98 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Chen ◽  
B. D. Schirmer ◽  
R. W. McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Gastric Myoelectrical Activity ◽  
Myoelectrical Activity ◽  
Gastric Slow Wave ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

The aims of this study were to 1) investigate gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with gastroparesis, 2) validate the cutaneous electrogastrogram (EGG) in tracking the frequency change of the gastric slow wave, and 3) investigate the effect of electrical stimulation on gastric myoelectrical activity. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded in 12 patients with documented gastroparesis using serosal electrodes for > 200 min in each subject. All recordings were made at least 4 days after surgery. Each session consisted of a 30-min recording in the fasting state and a 30-min recording after a test meal. The test meal (liquid or mixed) was selected according to patient's tolerance. Electrical stimulation was performed in three subjects via the serosal electrodes at a frequency of 3 cycles/min. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded using serosal electrodes in each session. The serosal recording showed slow waves of 2.5 to 4.0 cycles/min in all 12 subjects. Absence of spikes was noted in 11 of the 12 subjects. The simultaneous serosal and cutaneous recording of gastric myoelectrical activity showed that the frequency of the EGG was exactly the same as that of the serosal recording. Liquid meals resulted in a significant decrease in slow-wave frequency (Student's t test, P = 0.006), and the EGG accurately reflected this change. Electrical stimulation had no effect on the frequency of the gastric slow wave and did not induce spikes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The Effect of Changes in Dialysate Volume on Glucose and Urea Equilibration

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Kohaut ◽  
F. Bryson Waldo ◽  
Mark R. Benfield
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Dialysate Volume ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objectives To determine the effect of changing dialysate volume on urea and glucoseequilibration curves and to determine, if dialysate volume is prescribed on the basis of body surface area, whether equilibration curves will be consistent in patients of different sizes and ages. Design A prospective study wherein children with acute or chronic renal failure had peritoneal equilibration studies done with dwell volumes of 30 mL/kg, 40 mL/kg, and 1200 mL/m2. Patient Population Twenty-two children: 7 under 3 years of age; 8 between 3 and 10 years of age; 7 older than 10 years of age. Statistics Student's t-test. Results Urea and glucose equilibrated rapidly at dwell volumes of 30 mL/kg, slower at dwell volumes of 40 mL/kg, and slowest at dwell volumes of 1200 mL/m2. Equilibration curves were similar in children of different ages when dialysate volumes of 1200 mL/m2 were infused. Conclusion Dialysate volumes of 1200 mL/m2 should be used when equilibration studies are being done to compare individuals of different ages and sizes.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of 2-Azaspiro [4,5] Decan-3-One (Impurity A) in Gabapentin Determination Method Using qNMR Spectroscopy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1656
Author(s):  
Nataliya E. Kuz’mina ◽  
Sergey V. Moiseev ◽  
Mikhail D. Khorolskiy ◽  
Anna I. Lutceva
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Intermediate Precision ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Student’S T Test

The authors developed a 1H qNMR test procedure for identification and quantification of impurity A present in gabapentin active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and gabapentin products. The validation studies helped to determine the limit of quantitation and assess linearity, accuracy, repeatability, intermediate precision, specificity, and robustness of the procedure. Spike-and-recovery assays were used to calculate standard deviations, coefficients of variation, confidence intervals, bias, Fisher’s F test, and Student’s t-test for assay results. The obtained statistical values satisfy the acceptance criteria for the validation parameters. The authors compared the results of impurity A quantification in gabapentin APIs and capsules by using the 1H qNMR and HPLC test methods.

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