scholarly journals Incidence and morphological features of thyroid papillary microcarcinoma in Graves’ disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 457-462
Author(s):  
Bozidar Kovacevic ◽  
Catarina Eloy ◽  
Jelena Karajovic ◽  
Snezana Kuzmic-Jankovic ◽  
Ivan Soldatovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Lymphatic Invasion ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Tumor Diameter ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Thyroid Microcarcinoma ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction/Objective. Association of Graves? disease (GD) and thyroid cancer is reported in a wide range from 0% to 33.7%. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in GD, namely its variant ? papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). The increasingly frequent PTMC disclose favorable biological behavior with low mortality and recurrence rates. The aim of this work is to report our experience on the frequency and morphological features of PTMC in surgically treated patients with GD. Methods. Over a period of three years, total or near-total thyroidectomy was performed in 129 patients with GD. Results. Incidental PTMC was diagnosed in 24 (18.7%) patients with GD. The mean tumor diameter was 3.03 ? 2.17 mm. The average age of patients in the GD with PTMC group was 48.50 ? 13.07 years, while in the GD without PTMC group it was 41 ? 13.12 years, and it proved to be statistically significant ( p = 0.045). Most of the PTMC were unifocal (83%), and the most common morphological features of PTMC were intraparenchymal localization (62.5%), follicular morphology (66.7%), and infiltrative growth pattern (62.5%). Extrathyroidal extension, lymphatic invasion and multifocality of PTMC were more commonly related with subcapsular localized PTMC. The presence of at least one nodule in the GD with PTMC group was 58.3%, while in the GD without PTMC group it was 26.7%, and it was statistically significant (p = 0.003). Conclusion. Our results showed a high incidence of PTMC (18.7%) in patients with GD. Clinically, the most important morphological characteristics of PTMC were related with its subcapsular localization.

MULTIFOCAL PAPILLARY THYROID MICROCARCINOMA WITH A TOTAL TUMOR DIAMETER> 1 CM INDICATE POOR BIOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR? - THE EVIDENCE IS INSUFFICIENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhou ◽  
Lin Wei ◽  
Jianwu Qin
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma ◽  
Tumor Diameter ◽  
Capsular Invasion ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Central Lymph Node ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Thyroid Microcarcinoma ◽  
Central Lymph

Objective: Multifocal cancer is not uncommon in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) . Our aim was to investigate the correlation between multifocal PTMC, total tumor diameter (TTD) and clinicopathological features. Methods: In total, 206 patients were included and grouped as stage cT1a or cT1b. The primary tumor diameter (PTD) and TTD (the sum of the maximal diameter of each focus) were calculated. These patients were further subgrouped as TTD ≤1 cm or 1 cm<TTD ≤2 cm. The relationships of clinicopathological features between these groups were analyzed. Results: Multifocal cancer was more likely to occur with stage cT1a than stage cT1b (p=0.028). Stage cT1b PTC was more prone to central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) (p=0.001) and capsular invasion (p<0.001) than stage cT1a. There was no difference in clinicopathological factors, such as sex (p=0.448), age (p=0.227), CLNM (p=0.739), number of CLNMs (p=0.142), capsular invasion (p=0.804), BRAF mutation (p=0.905) or recurrence (p=0.789), between the multifocal PTMC and TTD>1 cm and PTD+ TTD≤1 cm groups. For the comparison of stage cT1a and cT1b tumors with a 1 cm<TTD≤2 cm, the multivariate analysis, stage cT1b tumors were more prone to capsular invasion than stage cT1a tumors (p=0.006), with an OR of 19.013 (95% CI: 2.295-157.478), but there was no significant correlation with CLNM. Conclusions: Tumors in stage cT1b are more prone to capsular invasion and CLNM than those in stage cT1a. For multifocal PTMC, calculating the TTD to evaluate adverse biological behavior is insufficient and limited, and further research is needed. Abbreviations: PTC = Papillary thyroid carcinoma; PTMC = Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma ; ETE = Extrathyroidal extension; ATA = American Thyroid Association; CLNM = Central lymph node metastasis; TTD = Total tumor diameter; CLND = Central lymph node dissection; DTC =Differentiated thyroid carcinoma ; US = Ultrasound; CT = Computed tomography; PTD = Primary tumor diameter ; Tg = Thyroglobulin ; Anti-Tg = Anti-thyroglobulin antibody ; FNA = Fine needle aspiration; SD = Standard deviation; OR = Odds ratio; CI = Confidence interval.

scholarly journals Research Regarding the Morphological Characteristics of Calendula Officinalis Local

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina ZEPA ZEPA CORADINI ◽  
Valeriu TABÄ‚RÄ‚ ◽  
Doru PETANEC ◽  
Lavinia MICU ◽  
Irina PETRESCU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymorphic Species ◽  
Flowering Process

Marigolds have an important economic value which let to an increase production and cultivation being thus used in a wide range of fields. One of the basic elements regarding marigolds production is represented by anthodia with flowers and seeds determined by the blossom and the number of anthodium on the plant. The plant’s blossom is determined by the n umber of lingulate flowers from the external side of the anthodium where seeds grow. Calendula is a polymorphic species, forming during its evolution not only flowering, but also semi-flowering anthodia and simple flowers. In the experimental field of UASVM Timisoara we performed a series of research regarding the morphological features of six local population of marigold from the western part of the country. Flowers’ blooming proved to have a different evolution due to the influence manifested by the local population and also by the harvest results. This blooming phenomenon proved to highly influence the production elements. Blooming influence upon anthodia mass of seeds proved to be as similar as in case of anthodia with flowers. At the beginning of the harvest period, the anthodia mass of seeds proved to be maxim. According to the information collected during research, anthodia flowering fails to reestablish during harvest. The flowering process influences the number and the size of the seeds. Moreover, flowers blooming process may lead to the formation of homogenous seeds, not only in size, but also as regards their morphological aspect. The seeds from the flowering anthodia proved to be homogenous in comparison with other anthodia and had even better technological qualities.

scholarly journals Total Tumor Diameter and Unilateral Multifocality as Independent Predictor Factors for Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3707
Author(s):  
Liviu Hîțu ◽  
Paul-Andrei Ștefan ◽  
Doina Piciu
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Tumor Diameter ◽  
Tumor Site ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Microcarcinoma ◽  
Therapy Decision ◽  
Metastatic Risk ◽  
Predictor Factors

The purpose of this study was to assess whether total tumor diameter (TTD) and multifocality are predictors for metastatic disease in papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMC). Eighty-two patients with histologically proven PTMC were retrospectively included. Patients were divided according to the presence of metastatic disease in the metastatic (n = 41) and non-metastatic (n = 41) demographic-matched group. The morphological features of PTMCs (primary tumor diameter, multifocality, TTD, number of foci, and tumor site) were compared between groups using univariate, multivariate, and receiver operating characteristic analyses. TTD (p = 0.026), TTD > 10 mm (p = 0.036), and Unilateral Multifocality (UM) (p = 0.019) statistically differed between the groups. The combination of the two independent predictors (TTD and UM) was able to assess metastatic risk with 60.98% sensitivity and 75.61% specificity. TTD and UM can be used to predict metastatic disease in PTMC, which may help to better adapt the RAI therapy decision. We believe that TTD and multifocality are tumor features that should be considered in future guidelines.

scholarly journals Analysis of risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a study of 268 patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-hua Gu ◽  
Yan-na Zhao ◽  
Rong-li Xie ◽  
Wen-juan Xu ◽  
Da-li You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Cervical Lymph Node ◽  
Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma ◽  
Tumor Diameter ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Microcarcinoma ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract Background To investigate the risk factors of cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathologic data of all patients who received standard lobectomy for PTMC at our institution between October 2017 and January 2019. Central LNs were dissected in all patients. Lateral LNs were dissected if metastasis to the lateral LNs was suggested based on pre-op fine-needle aspiration biopsy. The relationship between variables available prior to surgery and cervical LN metastasis was examined using multivariate regression. Results Post-op pathologic examination revealed cervical LN metastasis in 79 (29.5%) patients. Seventy subjects had metastasis only to central LNs, and 4 (1.5%) patients had metastasis only to lateral LNs. Five patients had metastasis to both central and lateral LNs. In comparison to patients without cervical LN metastasis, those with LN metastasis were significantly younger (40.63 ± 13.07 vs. 44.52 ± 12.23 years; P = 0.021) and had significantly larger tumor diameter on pathology (6.7 ± 2.2 vs. 5.9 ± 2.4 mm; P = 0.010). Multivariate regression analysis identified the following independent risks for cervical LN metastasis: male sex (OR 2.362, 95%CI 1.261~4.425; P = 0.007), age (OR 0.977, 95%CI 0.956~0.999; P = 0.042) and ultrasound tumor diameter at > 5 mm (OR 3.172, 95%CI 1.389~7.240; P = 0.006). Conclusion Cervical LN metastasis occurs in a non-insignificant proportion of PTMC patients. Independent risks included male sex, younger age and larger tumor diameter on ultrasound.

scholarly journals Influencing Factors and Cumulative Risk Analysis of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yirong Yin ◽  
Xiang Xu ◽  
Liyan Shen ◽  
Wenjuan Zhao ◽  
Hongcui Diao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Tumor Diameter ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Thyroid Microcarcinoma ◽  
Positive Rate

ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors and cumulative risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) patients.Methods607 patients confirmed PTMC pathologically after thyroidectomy were enrolled in this retrospective study. The rate of LNM was calculated. Different clinicopathological characteristics were compared in PTMC patients with and without LNM and in different subgroups of LNM, respectively. Correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and LNM was analyzed and the cumulative risk of LNM according to different clinicopathological characteristics was calculated.Results(1) There were 228 cases (37.56%) of PTMC combined with LNM. Compared with the non-lymph node metastasis group, the proportion of age &lt;55 years, male, multiple foci, bilateral foci, diameter&gt;0.5cm, extracapsular invasion, HT and intermediate-to-high risk stratification for recurrence of the LNM group was significantly increased (all p&lt;0.05);(2) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age &lt;55years, male, multiple foci, diameter&gt;0.5cm,HT were independently positively correlated with LNM (all p &lt;0.05); (3) Subgroup analysis showed that women aged &lt;55 years combined with HT and aged≥55 years combined with BMI≥25 kg/m2 were independently positively associated with LNM; (4) With the increase of the tumor diameter, the cumulative risk of LNM in group of age &lt;55 years, males, and multiple foci increased gradually, and was higher than those of age≥55 years, females and single foci, respectively. (5) Among the 228 cases of LNM, the proportion of lymph nodes (LN) &gt;5 and the positive rate of LN were both higher in male group than that in the female group. The proportion of multiple foci and HT in LLNM group was higher than that in CLNM group (all P&lt;0.05).ConclusionAge &lt;55 years, males, multiple foci, diameter &gt;0.5cm and HT were independent risk factors of LNM; HT was an independent risk factor for LNM in female &lt;55 years old, and BMI≥25 kg/m2 was an independent risk factor for LNM in female ≥55 years old; The increase of tumor diameter in age &lt;55 years, males, multiple foci, and bilateral foci increased the cumulative risk of LNM, respectively; The number of LNM and the positive rate of LNM were both higher in male, and patients with multiple foci or HT were more likely to develop into LLNM.

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and papillary thyreoid cancer at the Department of Surgery, EUC Clinic Zlín

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Thyroid Microcarcinoma ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), especially micropapillary variant (MPTC), is the most common thyroid malignancy. Biological behavior is not aggressive and the patient’s prognosis is satisfactory. The objective of our comparative retrospective study was to evaluate whether the incidence is rising in the Region of Zlín and if less extensive approach was adopted by Czech endocrinologists. Methods: We compared 2 groups from years 2005–2008 and 2014–2018. The incidence of thyroid cancer, the PTC and the MPTC, the extent of the surgery and the lymphadenectomy, number of removed lymph nodes and the number of positive lymph nodes were observed. Results: We gathered 1353 patients in group 1. We found 220 malignancies (16.3%), 180 (81.8%) were PTC with MPTC variant in 44.4% (80 patients). All patients underwent a total thyroidectomy. We made 18 central and 10 lateral lymphadenectomies, 280 lymph nodes were collected with metastasis in 29,3 %. In group 2 with 1569 patients we found 318 (20.3%) carcinomas, PTC in 302 (94.6%) cases. The MPTC accounted for 215 (67.4%) cases. 10 patients with MPTC underwent hemithyroidectomy only. Numbers of central and lateral lymphadenectomies rose to 52 and 24 respectively. We gathered 376 lymph nodes with proven metastasis in 44.4% of these nodes. Conclusion: Both, the incidence and the frequency of PTC and MPTC are rising in our region. However, the number of less invasive procedures is not increasing significantly despite representing a sufficient way of treatment. We need wider adoption of these evidence-based recommendations by indicating endocrinologists in the Czech Republic.

Total tumor diameter: the neglected value in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-W. Feng ◽  
H. Pan ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
J. Ye ◽  
Y. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma ◽  
Tumor Diameter ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Microcarcinoma

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Evaluated by F18-FDG PET/CT

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitu ◽  
Cainap ◽  
Apostu ◽  
Gabora ◽  
Bonci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Metastasis ◽  
Thyroid Microcarcinoma ◽  
Muscle Metastasis ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Metastases

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid malignancy and is characterized by slow growth and an indolent biological behavior. Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is the PTC with the maximum size of the tumor <1cm, considered the most indolent form of thyroid cancer. PTC is usually metastasizes in cervical lymph nodes, lungs and bones and, less commonly, in brain or liver. Skeletal muscle metastases from PTC are extremely rare, a retrospective review of the literature revealed only 13 case reports. Among them, six cases are solitary skeletal muscle metastases, and seven are multiple metastases, most of them being associated with lung lesions. It seems that PTC is prone to metastasizing to the erector spinae and thigh muscles groups with unique cases located in trapezoid, biceps, deltoid, gastrocnemius and rectus abdominis muscles. Although extremely rare, one must bear in mind the fact that muscle metastasis from PTC is possible, and that is the reason we would like to discuss the existing clinical cases and to add a unique case of solitary skeletal muscle metastasis from papillary microcarcinoma.

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