scholarly journals A multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 in a 11-years-old girl

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-78
Author(s):  
Milena Bjelica ◽  
Gordana Vilotijevic-Dautovic ◽  
Andrea Djuretic ◽  
Slobodan Spasojevic
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
First Case ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Introduction. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a post-viral, life-threatening, inflammatory state with multisystem involvement that typically manifests 3-4 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this article, we present the first case of MIS-C in the Institute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Case outline. A previously 11-years-old healthy girl got sick two days before admission to the hospital with a fever, headache, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fatigue. She was tested positive for COVID-19 by nasopharyngeal swab PCR with positive IgM and IgG antibodies. In the further course the illness presented with prolonged fever, laboratory evidence of inflammation, multiorgan involvement such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and dermatologic. Based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization criteria the diagnosis of MIS-C was made and IVIG and methylprednisolone were introduced with favorable clinical course. Conclusion. Every prolonged and unusual febrile state, especially if it is accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, in a school-age child, should be investigated in the direction of recent COVID-19 infection or exposure. In a case of a positive COVID-19 history or history of exposure, the MIS-C diagnosis should be considered.

School Nurses on the Front Lines of Healthcare: Infectious Diseases Popularized in the News

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
Lauren McNickle ◽  
Robert P. Olympia
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Public Health Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health Organization

School nurses may deal with students presenting with symptoms associated with infections popularized in the news. Although rare, the implications of missing or misdiagnosing these infections are potentially life-threatening and devastating. We present three students presenting with febrile illnesses associated with neurologic symptoms, a rash, and fatigue, focusing on the initial assessment and management of these students and their associated “hot topic” infection. The authors also discuss two public health organizations, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (https://www.cdc.gov/) and the World Health Organization (https://www.who.int/), online references for the school nurse to research both emerging and common infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Una presentación infrecuente de COVID-19, con diarrea como síntoma inicial, el primer caso diagnosticado en Cartagena, Colombia.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Germán Enrique Arenas ◽  
Jesús De León Martínez ◽  
Marcela Negrete Vasquez ◽  
Mario Lora ◽  
Martín Carvajal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
First Case ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
The Common ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The clinical presentation and severity of the disease has been described from its most typical symptoms, the common cold, pneumonia and respiratory distress syndrome, to the involvement of other organs and systems such such as the gastrointestinal, renal and cardiovascular. Case report: we describe the first case of COVID-19 diagnosed in Cartagena, Colombia, on March 11, 2020, and its uncommon clinic presentation, which was almost unknown at the time. An 85-year-old woman with week-long initial symptoms of nausea and occasional vomiting, with progression to diarrhea and a 38.5 oC fever during the last three days. The patient came from Oxford, UK, and she had been on a Caribbean cruise excursion since the end of February, 2020. Chest computed tomography showed ground glass opacities in both peripheral and central lung fields, multilobar and predominantly subpleural; without evidence of consolidation or pleural effusion. COVID-19 was confirmed three days after admission, when a RT-PCR molecular test performed on a nasopharyngeal swab sample tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 Conclusion: this first case of COVID-19 diagnosed in Cartagena occurred at a time when our health system was not prepared to face the pandemic. However, despite having manifested with a clinical that had not been described at the time, and thanks to the epidemiological, clinical and imaging data, the case could be adequately approached, diagnosed and treated according to the necessary and recommended measures at the time.

scholarly journals Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children - a clinical example in pediatrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-260
Author(s):  
V. M. Dudnyk ◽  
V. Н. Furman ◽  
I. I. Andrikevych ◽  
N. O. Buglova ◽  
O. V. Кutsak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serological Test ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Annotation. Peculiarities of clinical course and differential diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) in children with coronavirus infection are described. The main features of this disease are long-term fever, multiorgan dysfunction, laboratory signs of inflammation and positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 (polymerase chain reaction using reverse transcription (RT-PCR), antigen test or positive serological test). The criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are used to confirm the MIS-C diagnosis.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Epidemiologic, Diagnostic and Treatment Approaches of COVID-19: What do We Know?

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanieh Beyrampour-Basmenj ◽  
Morteza Milani ◽  
Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan ◽  
Ziyad Ben Taleb ◽  
Kenneth D Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Available Information

Background: In late December 2019, a new infectious respiratory disease (COVID-19) was reported in a number of patients with a history of exposure to the Huanan seafood market in China. The World Health Organization officially announced the COVID-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020. Here, we provided an overview of the epidemiologic, diagnostic and treatment approaches associated with COVID-19.Methods: We reviewed the publications indexed in major biomedical databases by December 20, 2020 or earlier (updated on May 16, 2021). Search keywords included a combination of: COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019, SARS-CoV-2, Epidemiology, Prevention, Diagnosis, Vaccine, and Treatment. We also used available information about COVID-19 from valid sources such as WHO.Results and Conclusion: At the time of writing this review, while most of the countries authorized COVID-19 vaccines for emergency use starting December 8, 2020, there is no a definite cure for it. This review synthesizes current knowledge of virology, epidemiology, clinical symptoms, diagnostic approaches, common treatment strategies, novel potential therapeutic options for control and prevention of COVID-19 infection, available vaccines, public health and clinical implications.

scholarly journals Immunological and Molecular Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus Infection between Aborted & Pregnant Women in Babylon City

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2(Suppl.)) ◽  
pp. 1086
Author(s):  
Haider Turky Mousa Al-Mousawi ◽  
Qabas Neamah AL-Hajjar
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the globally highly prevalent herpesvirus worldwide. CMV infects populations of all ages according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO). CMV infections remain the most common viral complication potentially multiple in humans and are a major cause of congenital normality in women, which is why they are critical for diagnosis in several times when it happens during pregnancy. Pregnant women with CMV infection can be in charge of abortion or congenital expandaedby. This study involves the collection a total of (90) samples taken from each aborted and pregnant woman (70 with abortion cases and 20 of pregnant without history of abortion as control subjects) referring to Babylon teaching hospital for Maternity and Children, covering a period from (October 2018 to March 2019) to investigate the occurrence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Babylon city. Patients and controls were evaluated for IgG, IgM antibodies and anti-HCMV IgG, IgM for (90) subjects were controlled in this study using the Enzyme Immunoassay Test Kit and read by enzyme - linked immunosorbent analyze (ELISA). In addition the  polymerase  chain reaction (PCR)  DNA  detection  for  CMV  are  based  on  the  amplification  of  pathogen  genomes  in  a particular  region  using different primers. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. The results show among 90 samples, women were evaluated for CMV infection, the seroprevalence titer was significantly higher at P <0.05 in seropositive cases ranging from 62(89%) toward positive CMV IgG, while the 65 (93%) of patients were positive CMV IgM from (70) women with abortions. By contrast, the results obtained from the controls were 9 (45%) subjects seropositive for IgG and all of them were seronegative with IgM. The anti – HCMV IgG finding showed high positivity that represents the furthermost of CMV infections among females through ages ranging between 20-29 years. Furthermore, the outcomes of molecular detection showed that a small number of samples 13 (19%) were HCMV DNA detectable in aborted women less than in pregnant women 3 (15%).       

scholarly journals COVID-19 Seroepidemiology Study of Yazd Province, First Peak, Spring 2020: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Mirjalili ◽  
Seyedeh Mahdieh Namayandeh ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Lotfi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Dehghani ◽  
Mohsen Mirzaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Introduction: SARS-COV 19 is a new coronavirus that was reported first time in 30 December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The first case of coronary heart disease in Iran was reported with a definitive test on February 18 in Qom province and the first case in Yazd province on 24 February. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a Covid infection on March 11 a pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroepidemiology of COVID 19 in Yazd province. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional population-based study of seroepidemiological type that was conducted to investigate the serological prevalence of Covid-19 in the period of 3 to 20 May 2020 in Yazd Province. Sampling was clustered and it was without age and sex restrictions. Information was collected including demographic information, adherence to health protocols, and history of clinical symptoms of COVID 19."Pishtaz ELISA Kit" was used to evaluate the IgG and IgM antibody titers against Covid 19. Chi-square, analysis of variance and T tests were used via SPSS.version.16 software Results: Mean age of the participants was 34.3± 17.5. Among the study participants, 507 (54.5%) were women. The serological prevalence of definite cases was 14.91% (95% CI: 12.91-16.91%) and suspicious cases were 2.85% (95% CI:1.85-3.85%). Ardakan City with 32% had the highest and Taft, Mehriz, Khatam with 7% had the lowest prevalence of COVID 19 (P <0.05). Conclusion: By June 2020, nearly 18% of the population of the province was definitively or suspiciously infected with COVID 19. Unfortunately, up to 25% of the population does not follow the early prevention protocols of COVID 19.

scholarly journals Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children (MIS-C) Temporally Associated With COVID-19 - An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Campos ◽  
Rozana Almeida ◽  
Andréa Goldenzon ◽  
Marta Rodrigues ◽  
Flavio Sztajnbok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
World Health ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Children are less likely to have severe acute COVID-19, but cases of pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PIMS) with possible temporal association with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described. OBJECTIVES: Non-systematic review of the literature on epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of PIMS. SOURCE OF DATA: PubMed database, scientific documents of the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics, World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: PIMS shares characteristics with Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome, bacterial sepsis and cytokine storm syndrome. It is more frequent in Afrodescendants and Hispanics, schoolchildren and adolescents, and in males. It occurs 2-4 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pathophysiology involves direct effects of the virus and/or post-COVID-19 immune dysregulation. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous, fever being very frequent, followed by gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, and renal manifestations. Thorough anamnesis and physical examination, as well as complementary exams to assess inflammatory process, organ involvement and the relationship with SARS-CoV-2 infection (RT-PCR and serology), are essential. Diagnostic criteria proposed by the CDC and WHO support the diagnosis. Treatment must be coordinated by a team of specialists, and directed to inflammatory and organic manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: PIMS is characterized by a broad clinical spectrum, with fever, gastrointestinal, neurological manifestations, shock, and myocardial dysfunction. It requires a high degree of suspicion for early treatment and prevention of potential cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and neurological complications.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic and Children: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 574-585
Author(s):  
Vinay Rathore ◽  
Abhiruchi Galhotra ◽  
Rahul Pal ◽  
Kamal Kant Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health Organization

The severe respiratory disease COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) was first reported in late December 2019 in Wuhan City, China. Soon thereafter, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared it a pandemic. The adult population is highly affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2); however, infants and children are also not spared. Transmission in the pediatric population appears to be primarily from COVID-19–positive adults, largely from family contacts through droplets, direct contacts, and aerosols. There is also evidence of fecal-oral route of transmission. The incubation period of COVID-19 in children ranges from 2 to 10 days. Most children are asymptomatic. The most common symptoms amongst symptomatic children are fever and cough. Shortness of breath, sore throat, rhinorrhea, conjunctivitis, fatigue, and headache are other common symptoms. Diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are the common gastrointestinal symptoms that may be present with or without respiratory symptoms. Very few children are likely to develop severe disease.Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment. Though data are limited, antiviral therapies such as remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir, and other drugs like hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine have been used for severe COVID-19 cases, with remdesivir showing the greatest promise. A few children may develop an exaggerated immune response, characterized by exaggerated cytokine release and manifests with features similar to Kawasaki disease. The syndrome has been referred to by many names including pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) and more recently, as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C); this life-threatening condition often requires a multidisciplinary team effort and use of immunomodulators.

scholarly journals Anosmia, a Hidden Sign for COVID-19? A Case Report and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Christelle ◽  
Maryam Mohd Zulkifli ◽  
Nani Draman
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
First Case ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing viral pandemic that is actively affecting 210 countries worldwide, with a total of more than 1.5 million cases and 106 000 deaths. Symptoms associated with COVID-19 are mainly fever, cough, dyspnea and sore throat. The current indication for COVID-19 testing includes presence of these symptoms with a positive history of travel to affected countries or contact with COVID-19 patients. Anosmia has been recently reported anecdotally over the past weeks as an emerging symptom of the COVID-19 but has yet to gain recognition as a symptom for COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This case report highlights a case of isolated sudden onset of anosmia as a presenting symptom of COVID-19 and relevant literature review supporting the incidence of anosmia in COVID-19. This is a first case report of anosmia in COVID-19 occurring in pregnancy.Case Presentation A 30-year-old pregnant lady at 11 weeks of gestation presented with sudden onset of anosmia for one day with no other accompanying symptoms. She had just recovered from a mild cold a day prior to the development of anosmia. She had a history of travel by land to Singapore 14 days prior to onset of anosmia. There was no known close contact with a COVID-19 patient or attended any mass gatherings prior to development of her symptom. She underwent nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab sampling which was then tested using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method and confirmed infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).Conclusion Clinicians should be aware regarding anosmia as a presenting symptom of COVID-19 especially in the presence of risk factors such as travel to affected countries and having close contact with COVID-19 positive patients. If testing is not done, these patients should be advised for home quarantine to reduce the risk of transmission. Healthcare workers must always adhere to infection control and prevention protocol as well as personal protective equipment.

scholarly journals Third wave of Covid -19 in Pakistan: New Variants with new travelers?

2021 ◽  
pp. 03
Author(s):  
Naveed Akhtar ◽  
Sara Hayee ◽  
Faheem Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Idnan
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
First Case ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
One Year ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 first experienced in Wuhan city, China during late December 2019, has now spread in 2019 countries and territories including Pakistan. According to World Health Organization (WHO), 125,425,270 confirmed cases with 2,756,679 deaths have been reported till date with highest positive cases encountered in USA followed by Brazil and India. Pakistan, a developing country in the Asia, faces a big challenge with Covid-19. In Pakistan, the first case of the Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) was reported on February 26, 2020 by Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan in Karachi, Sindh. The positive cases reported from Pakistan had travel history from Iran, London and Syria. The rapid rise of the positive cases of Covid 19 in first wave in Pakistan is attributed to mishandling of the pilgrims coming from Iran through Taftan, one of Pakistan’s border crossings with Iran. Also, the students in China were returning back to Pakistan especially from the Wuhan, which is the site of the origin of the Covid-19. With the emergence of the Covid-19, multiple variants of the virus are circulating globally especially B117 virus which is considered more contagious. It is also categorized among Variant of Concern (VOC) by SARS-CoV-2 Interagency Group (SIG) developed Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). After one year, the third wave of Covid-19 has rising throughout the country with maximum positive cases of UK variant of SARS-CoV-2. The first case of the Covid-19 with UK strain reported in Pakistan on December 28, 2020 from passengers returning back to Pakistan from United  Kingdom. At least three Covid-19 cases were detected among returnees from the UK, in the southern port city of Karachi, as reported by  the provincial Health Ministry of Pakistan. The UK strain cases were mostly being found among people returning from abroad. The current outbreak of cases is centred around Punjab province, where the tested-positive rate was 17 % in the provincial capital Lahore and 15 % in Rawalpindi and Faisalabad, according to official data. Due to poor health infrastructure and slow vaccination administration in developing countries, there is ample need of policies re-examined especially for international travelling to find the loopholes contributing to next wave of Covid-19 in Pakistan.

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