scholarly journals Una presentación infrecuente de COVID-19, con diarrea como síntoma inicial, el primer caso diagnosticado en Cartagena, Colombia.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Germán Enrique Arenas ◽  
Jesús De León Martínez ◽  
Marcela Negrete Vasquez ◽  
Mario Lora ◽  
Martín Carvajal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
First Case ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
The Common ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The clinical presentation and severity of the disease has been described from its most typical symptoms, the common cold, pneumonia and respiratory distress syndrome, to the involvement of other organs and systems such such as the gastrointestinal, renal and cardiovascular. Case report: we describe the first case of COVID-19 diagnosed in Cartagena, Colombia, on March 11, 2020, and its uncommon clinic presentation, which was almost unknown at the time. An 85-year-old woman with week-long initial symptoms of nausea and occasional vomiting, with progression to diarrhea and a 38.5 oC fever during the last three days. The patient came from Oxford, UK, and she had been on a Caribbean cruise excursion since the end of February, 2020. Chest computed tomography showed ground glass opacities in both peripheral and central lung fields, multilobar and predominantly subpleural; without evidence of consolidation or pleural effusion. COVID-19 was confirmed three days after admission, when a RT-PCR molecular test performed on a nasopharyngeal swab sample tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 Conclusion: this first case of COVID-19 diagnosed in Cartagena occurred at a time when our health system was not prepared to face the pandemic. However, despite having manifested with a clinical that had not been described at the time, and thanks to the epidemiological, clinical and imaging data, the case could be adequately approached, diagnosed and treated according to the necessary and recommended measures at the time.

scholarly journals Progression and Trends in Virus from Influenza A to COVID-19: An Overview of Recent Studies

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Hakimeh Baghaei Daemi ◽  
Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar ◽  
Xinlin He ◽  
Chengfei Li ◽  
Morteza Karimpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
World Health ◽  
H1n1 Pandemic ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
First Case ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Influenza is a highly known contagious viral infection that has been responsible for the death of many people in history with pandemics. These pandemics have been occurring every 10 to 30 years in the last century. The most recent global pandemic prior to COVID-19 was the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. A decade ago, the H1N1 virus caused 12,500 deaths in just 19 months globally. Now, again, the world has been challenged with another pandemic. Since December 2019, the first case of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection was detected in Wuhan. This infection has risen rapidly throughout the world; even the World Health Organization (WHO) announced COVID-19 as a worldwide emergency to ensure human health and public safety. This review article aims to discuss important issues relating to COVID-19, including clinical, epidemiological, and pathological features of COVID-19 and recent progress in diagnosis and treatment approaches for the COVID-19 infection. We also highlight key similarities and differences between COVID-19 and influenza A to ensure the theoretical and practical details of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Detection of COVID-19, Temporal Variation and its Link with Temperature in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Ebiendele Eromosele Precious
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
First Case ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Health Organization

COVID-19 was announced as a global pandemic on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization due to its spread globally.  Nigeria recorded its first case on 27 February 2020. Since then, it has spread to all parts of the country. In this paper we study the effectiveness and skill performance of deep learning architectures in assisting health workers in detecting COVID-19 infected patient through X-ray images. Analytical deductions obtained from 500 X-ray images of both infected and non-infected patients confirmed that our proposed model InceptionV3 is effective in detecting COVID-19 and attain an average accuracy of 92%. The relationship or link between the COVID-19 daily occurrence and two meteorological variables (minimum and maximum temperatures) are further assessed. The result also indicated that the cases recorded in Wednesdays and Fridays are observed to be higher than other days which usually coincide with either religious activities or market days in the country, while a progressively decline in weekday cases is observed towards the weekend with Sundays (ranging from 152 to 280 cases) having the lowest cases. The study further indicated statistically that COVID-19 daily cases significantly decline when maximum and minimum temperature are increasing (-0.79 and -0.44 correlation coefficient).

scholarly journals Epidemiology of COVID-19: What have we learnt until now?

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Tatjana Pekmezović
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Health Organization

The first case in the outbreak of atypical pneumonia of unknown etiology, later confirmed as disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, was described in Wuhan (China) on December 8, 2019. The rapid expansion of COVID-19 cases prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a global health emergency, and on March 11, 2020, COVID-19 was officially classified as a pandemic disease by the WHO. It is generally accepted that both genders and all ages in the population are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data from the real life also show difficulties in reaching the threshold of herd immunity. Thanks to the vaccination, some populations are approaching the theoretical threshold of immunity, but the spread of the virus is still difficult to stop. If we add to that the fact that we still do not know how long immunity lasts after the infection, the conclusion is that vaccination is unlikely to completely stop the spread of the virus, and that we must think about it. Vaccines certainly significantly reduce the hospitalization rate and mortality rate, and the assumption is that the virus will not disappear soon, but the severity of the disease and its fatality will be of marginal importance. The development of the epidemiological situation related to the COVID-19 is constantly changing and it significantly differs in various parts of the world, which is affected by differences in financial resources, health infrastructure and awareness of prevention and control of the COVID-19. Attempts are being made to make dynamically adjusted strategies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, that is, the new normality.

scholarly journals A multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 in a 11-years-old girl

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-78
Author(s):  
Milena Bjelica ◽  
Gordana Vilotijevic-Dautovic ◽  
Andrea Djuretic ◽  
Slobodan Spasojevic
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
First Case ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Introduction. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a post-viral, life-threatening, inflammatory state with multisystem involvement that typically manifests 3-4 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this article, we present the first case of MIS-C in the Institute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Case outline. A previously 11-years-old healthy girl got sick two days before admission to the hospital with a fever, headache, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fatigue. She was tested positive for COVID-19 by nasopharyngeal swab PCR with positive IgM and IgG antibodies. In the further course the illness presented with prolonged fever, laboratory evidence of inflammation, multiorgan involvement such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and dermatologic. Based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization criteria the diagnosis of MIS-C was made and IVIG and methylprednisolone were introduced with favorable clinical course. Conclusion. Every prolonged and unusual febrile state, especially if it is accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, in a school-age child, should be investigated in the direction of recent COVID-19 infection or exposure. In a case of a positive COVID-19 history or history of exposure, the MIS-C diagnosis should be considered.

scholarly journals Acute and Post-Acute Neurological Complications of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-119
Author(s):  
Ali Al-Ramadan ◽  
Omar Rabab’h ◽  
Jawad Shah ◽  
Abeer Gharaibeh
Keyword(s):  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging global health emergency caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on the severity of the disease and may range from an asymptomatic infection to a severe and lethal illness. Fever, cough, and shortness of breath are among the most common symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Accumulating evidence indicates that COVID-19 patients commonly develop neurological symptoms, such as headache, altered mental status, anosmia, and myalgia. In this comprehensive literature review, we have summarized the most common neurological complications and reported neurological case studies associated with COVID-19, and neurological side effects associated with COVID-19 treatments. Additionally, the post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and long-term neurological complications were discussed. We also explained the proposed mechanisms that are involved in the pathogenesis of these neurological complications.

scholarly journals Do We Really Need Hazard Prevention at the Expense of Safeguarding Death Dignity in COVID-19?

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1913
Author(s):  
Cristoforo Pomara ◽  
Francesco Sessa ◽  
Domenico Galante ◽  
Lorenzo Pace ◽  
Antonio Fasanella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
World Health ◽  
Replication Capacity ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Viral Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Test Objective

To date, little is known regarding the transmission risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection for subjects involved in handling, transporting, and examining deceased persons with known or suspected COVID-19 positivity at the time of death. This experimental study aims to define if and/or how long SARS-CoV-2 persists with replication capacity in the tissues of individuals who died with/from COVID-19, thereby generating infectious hazards. Sixteen patients who died with/from COVID-19 who underwent autopsy between April 2020 and April 2021 were included in this study. Based on PMI, all samples were subdivided into two groups: ‘short PMI’ group (eight subjects who were autopsied between 12 to 72 h after death); ‘long PMI’ (eight subjects who were autopsied between 24 to 78 days after death). All patients tested positive for RT-PCR at nasopharyngeal swab both before death and on samples collected during post-mortem investigation. Moreover, a lung specimen was collected and frozen at −80 °C in order to perform viral culture. The result was defined based on the cytopathic effect (subjective reading) combined with the positivity of the RT-PCR test (objective reading) in the supernatant. Only in one sample (PMI 12 h), virus vitality was demonstrated. This study, supported by a literature review, suggests that the risk of cadaveric infection in cases of a person who died from/with COVID-19 is extremely low in the first hours after death, becoming null after 12 h after death, confirming the World Health Organization (WHO) assumed in March 2020 and suggesting that the corpse of a subject who died from/with COVID-19 should be generally considered not infectious.

scholarly journals Adapting for the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador, a characterization of hospital strategies and patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Garzon-Chavez ◽  
Daniel Romero-Alvarez ◽  
Marco Bonifaz ◽  
Juan Gaviria ◽  
Daniel Mero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
First Case ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Health Demand ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic on March 11th. In Ecuador, the first case of COVID-19 was recorded on February 29th. Despite efforts to control its spread, SARS-CoV-2 overrun the Ecuadorian public health system which became one of the most affected in Latin America with 22,719 cases reported up to April, 24th. Public health control measures, including social distancing and lockdowns, were implemented at different times in the biggest cities of the country: Guayaquil and Quito. The Hospital General del Sur de Quito (HGSQ) had to transition from a general to a specific COVID-19 health center in a short period of time to fulfill the health demand from patients with respiratory afflictions. Here, we summarized the implementations applied in the HGSQ to become a COVID-19 exclusive hospital, including the rearrangement of hospital rooms and a triage strategy based on a severity score calculated through an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted chest computed tomography (CT). Moreover, we present clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory data from 75 laboratory tested COVID-19 patients, which represent the first outbreak of Quito city.

scholarly journals The Air Quality during the Confinement and Coronavirus 2020–2021 Period: The Case of Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Abderrazak Arif
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Crisis ◽  
The North ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

At the end of 2019, the first case of coronavirus (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, China. A month later, that epidemic turned into a national crisis, with infected individuals diagnosed all over China. In early March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the Wuhan epidemic had turned into a global pandemic. Many European countries had started to experience several cases affected by this coronavirus, which was known to be highly contagious. The WHO launched several recommendations to curb the spread of this virus and called for general confinement establishment in the affected countries. Tunisia quickly took this step on 22 March 2020 and announced immediate general confinement for two weeks, renewable according to the test results. Factories were closed to limit human damage. International flights were halted and the majority of government and private services were halted except minimum and emergency services. Following these successive events, the air quality improved markedly during the confinement period. NASA scientists say the reduction in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution first appeared near Wuhan, Northern Italy, and France, and they experienced a reduction of nearly 50% of their NO2 emissions during this first confinement period (March–April 2020); NO2 emissions were reduced by almost 30% in China. In Tunisia, NO2, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) showed a remarkable decrease in the north and the center of Tunisia of more than 40% during this period, mainly linked to the reduction in emissions from road traffic and industries. Additionally, these pollutant gas concentrations were reduced by nearly 50% during the third pandemic wave, during the period of January–April 2021. Consequently, the air quality has improved significantly in Tunisia and around the world.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Pulmonary Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Coinfection

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. e298-e298
Author(s):  
Redha Al Lawati ◽  
Nasser Al Busaidi ◽  
Rashid Al Umairi ◽  
Merah Al Busaidy ◽  
Hanan Hamed Al Naabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
World Health ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
First Case ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was classified as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. It is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The virus affects mainly the human respiratory system. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) is another respiratory infection known to affect humans and may share joint clinical presentations and risk factors with COVID-19 infection. Therefore, clinicians must have a high index of suspicion that the two infections might coexist so that there is no delay in diagnosis and starting the appropriate treatment. There are few case reports about TB and COVID-19 coinfection. The first case report ever was from China and there have been a few others around the world. Here, we report two cases of coexisting COVID-19 and newly diagnosed pulmonary TB infection in Oman.

A Review on Coronavirus

2021 ◽  
pp. 253-255
Author(s):  
Mahesh. B. Chavan ◽  
Durgesh Tarade ◽  
Kushan. H. Pagare ◽  
Ritik. S. Jain
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease also termed as covid-19 or SARS-COV-2 infection has been declared as global pandemic disease by World Health Organization (WHO). The first case of covid-19 is reported at the local Huanan Seafood wholesale market in Wuhan city in Hubei in central chain at last of 2019. Covid-19 is rapidly spread throughout the world since December – 2019 from Wuhan city of China. Covid-19 patient has various symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue and others. It is very necessary to identify the cases of covid-19 as soon as possible and isolate the suspected people and confirmed cases of Covid-19 to prevent the infection to other peoples.

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