The chemometric study of limestone physico-chemical properties and thermal behavior for application in construction composites

The limestone, as an economically sustainable and easily available basic raw material, is frequently utilized in the building industry for resolving of the environmental protection issues. The limestone is incorporated in a cementitious system either by grinding with cement clinker, or by blending with the binder during concrete production. The employing of powdery limestone as partial cement replacement gives the construction composites with properties comparable to that of conventional concrete. The study of limestone thermal behavior and its chemistry is crucial for the prognosis of the designed composites properties. In this work, the instrumental techniques (atomic emission spectroscopy, differential thermal and thermo-gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and the Principal component analysis were employed to discriminate and classify 22 limestone types. The PCA statistical method, as a means of spectra and experimental data fingerprinting, grouped the samples in a multi-dimensional factor space producing four graphical prognosis - one for each instrumental method. DTA/TG peak values varied the most in a short range between 830-870?C, while FTIR spectra showed the highest diversity in the 867-887 cm-1 and 1237-1647 cm-1 ranges. This research was governed by an idea to reveal whether it is possible to differentiate various limestone types and to predict the possibility of their employment in construction composites on the basis of the results of instrumental and mathematical analyses.

Download Full-text

Physical and Thermal Properties of Chitosan

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.979.315 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 979 ◽

pp. 315-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. Siriprom ◽

K. Chantarasunthon ◽

K. Teanchai

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Biodegradable Films ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Xrd Pattern ◽

X Ray ◽

Good Agreement

This work aims at characterizing the thermal and physical properties of chitosan. The samples were evaluated for potentiality to use as raw material for biodegradable films raw material. Their thermal and physical properties have been also discussed in detail which Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), respectively. The result of the XRD pattern indicated the sample has amorphous-crystalline structure and FTIR results confirmed the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the amino and hydroxyl groups of the sample. In good agreement between the EDXRF and TGA results, noticed that the removal of moisture and volatile material.

Download Full-text

Utilization of Agricultural Waste in Treating Water Pollutants

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY ◽

10.24297/jac.v6i2.2627 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1017-1023

Author(s):

N.R.A. El-Mouhty ◽

H. M. H. Gad ◽

A. Y. El-Naggar

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Thermo Gravimetric ◽

Water Pollutants ◽

Date Pits

This study investigated the applicability of chemically (phosphoric acid) activated bagasse pith and date pits in the adsorption of water pollutants. The textural properties including porous parameters, monolayer equivalent surface area, total pore volumes, average pore radius, Methylene blue number and other physic-chemical characterization were investigated. The activated carbons were analyzed for moisture content, ash content. Ultimate analysis was done by using CHNS analyzer (Cairo University, Micro-analytical Center). To investigate the effect of phosphoric acid on the raw material, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermo gravimetric (DTG) recordings were determined. The adsorption of heavy metals as pollutants, including Co, Sr, Cu, Cs, Pb, Cd, Ni, Fe, Zn, was studied in a batch experiments. Comparison of date pits activated carbon with commercial activated carbon was done, and the results indicated that using of prepared activated carbon for removal of Co, Sr, Cu, Cs, Pb, Cd, Ni, Fe, Zn was more effective than commercial activated carbon.

Download Full-text

Solid-State Compounding for Recycling of Sawdust Waste into Green Packaging Composites

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8111386 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1386

Author(s):

Rula M. Allaf ◽

Mohammad Futian

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Contact Angles ◽

Raw Material ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Water Contact ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Green Packaging ◽

Thermal Stability Of

The present study explores solid-state cryomilling for the compounding of green composites. Herein, wood plastic composites (WPCs) composed of sawdust (SD) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with various compositions were prepared. Two compounding techniques, namely, extrusion and cryomilling, were utilized to prepare WPC raw material pellets and powders, respectively, for comparison purposes. Flat pressing was further utilized to prepare WPC films for testing. Morphological, structural, thermal, mechanical, and surface wettability properties were investigated. Results indicate the advantages of cryomilling in producing WPCs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with optical micrographs revealed well ground SD particles and uniform distribution in the PCL matrix. Tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites declined with increasing SD content, however, the modulus of elasticity significantly increased. Water contact angles averaged less than 90°, implying partial wetting. Visual observations and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated thermal stability of composites during processing. In conclusion, PCL/SD WPC is a potential candidate to replace conventional plastics for packaging applications. This would also provide a much better utilization of the currently undervalued wood waste resources.

Download Full-text

Thermal Behavior, Mechanical Property and Microstructure of Low-Density Polyethylene Filled by Diatomite

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.413 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 633-634 ◽

pp. 413-416

Author(s):

Kun Yuan Wang ◽

Qiu Ju Sun ◽

Yan Liu ◽

Jie Lu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Property ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Thermal Behavior ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Crystallization Rate ◽

Low Density Polyethylene ◽

Low Density ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Melt Mixing

Diatomite was treated by titanate coupling agent and blended with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by the method of melt-mixing blend. The performance of the blends, such as thermal behavior, mechanical property and microstructure, were analyzed with differential scanning calorimetry, thermo-gravimetric analysis, tensile strength testing and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that influenced the crystalline behavior of LDPE phase in the blends and made the crystallization rate of LDPE phase decreased. Moreover, the thermo-decomposing temperature of the blends increased with increasing the diatomite content, diatomite significantly improved the thermal stability of the blends. Tensile strengths of the blends firstly decreased and then increased. When the diatomite content was 30%wt, the tensile strength of the blend reached to 14.6MPa. SEM photographs showed the good dispersion and interaction.

Download Full-text

Special Ceramic Material Based On Basaltic-Andesite for Extreme Environments

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.59.39 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. 39-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Etele Albert ◽

Marcela Muntean ◽

A. Ianculescu ◽

Florin Miculescu ◽

B. Albert

Keyword(s):

Ceramic Material ◽

Basaltic Andesite ◽

Complex Structure ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Volcanic Rocks ◽

Extreme Environments ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

High Alumina ◽

Gravimetric Analysis

A special ceramic material with specific performances for some extreme environments can be elaborated using basaltic-andesite as raw material. The volcanic rocks presents specific compositions, a complex structure and properties, so some of them, such as basaltic-andesite, may have multiple utilization. The elaborated basaltic-andesite compound ceramic material, in mixture with porcelain-clay and alumina was characterized with SEM (scanning electron microscopy), EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy), X-ray diffraction and thermo-gravimetric analysis. Many of the properties of this sort of ceramic material surpass the electric insulator porcelain type KER 110 ceramic, and in some approximate the high alumina-content ceramic materials.

Download Full-text

Preparation of α-Al2O3 Powders via Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel Method

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1104.3 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1104 ◽

pp. 3-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tong Qing Zhou ◽

Ting Chen ◽

Wei Hui Jiang ◽

Jian Min Liu ◽

Xiao Jun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sol Gel ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Thermo Gravimetric ◽

X Ray ◽

Corundum Structure ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Peg 600

Corundum structurealumina (α-Al2O3) powders were prepared via a non-hydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) method using aluminum as raw material, ethanol as solvent, and iodine as catalyst. X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermo gravimetric analysis (TG) were used to characterize the crystal phase of the products, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were employed to analyze the morphology. The results indicated that γ-Al2O3 was completely changed to α-Al2O3 at 1100 o C with a bit of aggregation. When 3 wt.% polyethylene glycol 600 (PEG 600) was introduced on the NHSG process, the dispersion was improved and the particle size decreased to100 nm.

Download Full-text

PROCESS FOR CHROMIUM (VI) REMOVAL FROM MECHANIZED TANNERY WASTEWATER USING ACTIVATED CARBON OBTAINED FROM TANNERY SOLID WASTES

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2021-0501-577 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 364-371

Author(s):

Yakubu Abdulkadir ◽

K. A. Bichi ◽

F. H. Garba ◽

Y. C. Itopa ◽

Y. U. Jibrin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Area ◽

Fourier Transforms ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Physical Activation ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Chromium Vi ◽

Adsorbent Surface

This study offers an integrated process for treatment and recycling of tannery waste, it has a dual purpose. First the activated carbon has been prepared from leather shaving and buffing dust by physical activation. Both the raw material (leather waste) and the prepared activated carbon were analyzed by DTG, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis TGA, and scanning electron microscope. The adsorption tests of methylene blue and iodine onto the raw material and the prepared adsorbent were carried out and it was found that the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon was enhanced by the physical activation. The Activated Carbon was then characterized by equation of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area was found to be 491.05 and 242.60 m2/g for activated carbons prepared from Leather Savings and Buffing Dust respectively and the functional groups on the adsorbent surface were mainly CN, NH, OH, CO and CS. Secondly, the performance of the prepared activated carbon was assessed by adsorption of chromium (VI) from a synthetic solution, and then the chromium (III) present in the tanning effluent. The results revealed a decrease of chromium by 76% and 73% for the activated carbons prepared from Leather Savings and Buffing Dust, respectively

Download Full-text

Response surface methodology for the optimization of acid dye adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from wild date stones

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-019-1053-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lamia Brahmi ◽

Farida Kaouah ◽

Salim Boumaza ◽

Mohamed Trari

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Dye Adsorption ◽

Kinetic Studies ◽

High Specific Surface Area ◽

Raw Material ◽

Natural Material ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Intraparticle Diffusion Model ◽

Pseudo Second Order

Abstract In the present study, wild date stones (WDS) were used as a novel and sustainable precursor for high-quality activated carbon preparation to be applied for the removal of Acid Blue 25 dye (AB25) from synthetic water. The carbonization temperature of the raw material was selected at 850 °C on the basis of thermo-gravimetric analysis. The adsorbents were characterized by the BET method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the activated carbon presents a high specific surface area (610.84 m2 g−1) and a pore volume (0.224 cm3 g−1) compared with the natural material. Based on the central composite design, the effect of different parameters such as the biomass dose, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature was optimized and the optimal removal of AB25 (99.61%) was achieved for AB25 concentration of 100 mg L−1 and an adsorbent dose of 0.8 g L−1, at 45 °C after 120 min. The kinetic studies indicated that the pseudo-second-order model was appropriately applied for the adsorption kinetic of AB25 onto wild date stones activated carbon. The intraparticle diffusion model is not the only controlling step, and other mechanisms may be involved in the adsorption process. The Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit with a high correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.993 and a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 181.59 mg g−1.

Download Full-text

Micro Destructive Analysis for the Characterization of Ancient Mortars: A Case Study from the Little Roman Bath of Nora (Sardinia, Italy)

Heritage ◽

10.3390/heritage4030144 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 2544-2562

Author(s):

Fabio Sitzia ◽

Massimo Beltrame ◽

Carla Lisci ◽

José Mirão

Keyword(s):

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Acid Attack ◽

X Ray

In this work, a protocol of a partially invasive sampling for the archaeometric characterization of ancient mortars from the little Roman Bath of Nora (Sardinia, Italy) is presented. Optical microscopy and different analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and physical/mechanical tests have been carried out on the mortars. These analyses were performed to investigate the chemical composition, alteration products, and binder pozzolanic activity. An innovative method of image analysis has been tested to obtain information about the size and shape of both the mortar aggregates and the binder/aggregate ratio. This new particle-size analysis has two different advantages: (i) it saves a huge volume of material compared to a classic granulometric classification through its use of a sieve and (ii) is eco-friendly in respect to the environment by saving a large volume of liquid waste derived from the acid attack for the separation of the insoluble aggregate from the soluble binder, as would be done for a common sieving. Results show a local provenance of the aggregates. The use of two different limestones for the mortars’ binder production was detected and probably this raw material belongs to the nearby Roman town of Karales (current day Cagliari).

Download Full-text

Synthesis of Smart Mesoporous Materials

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-775-p7.8 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 775 ◽

Author(s):

G.V.Rama Rao ◽

Qiang Fu ◽

Linnea K. Ista ◽

Huifang Xu ◽

S. Balamurugan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mesoporous Silica ◽

Mesoporous Materials ◽

Fluorescent Dyes ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Molecular Transport ◽

Solute Diffusion ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

Porous Network ◽

Hybrid Mesoporous Materials

AbstractThis study details development of hybrid mesoporous materials in which molecular transport through mesopores can be precisely controlled and reversibly modulated. Mesoporous silica materials formed by surfactant templating were modified by surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAAm) a stimuli responsive polymer (SRP) within the porous network. Thermo gravimetric analysis and FTIR spectroscopy were used to confirm the presence of PNIPAAm on the silica surface. Nitrogen porosimetry, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed that polymerization occurred uniformly within the porous network. Uptake and release of fluorescent dyes from the particles was monitored by spectrofluorimetry and scanning laser confocal microscopy. Results suggest that the presence of PNIPAAm, a SRP, in the porous network can be used to modulate the transport of aqueous solutes. At low temperature, (e.g., room temperature) the PNIPAAm is hydrated and extended and inhibits transport of analytes; at higher temperatures (e.g., 50°C) it is hydrophobic and is collapsed within the pore network, thus allowing solute diffusion into or out of the mesoporous silica. The transition form hydrophilic to hydrophobic state on polymer grafted mesoporous membranes was determined by contact angle measurements. This work has implications for the development of materials for the selective control of transport of molecular solutes in a variety of applications.

Download Full-text