scholarly journals Technical aspects of biodiesel production from vegetable oils

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janahiraman Krishnakumar ◽  
Karuppannan Venkatachalapathy ◽  
Sellappan Elancheliyan
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Jatropha Oil

Biodiesel, a promising substitute as an alternative fuel has gained significant attention due to the finite nature of fossil energy sources and does not produce sulfur oxides and minimize the soot particulate in comparison with the existing one from petroleum diesel. The utilization of liquid fuels such as biodiesel produced from vegetable oil by transesterification process represents one of the most promising options for the use of conventional fossil fuels. In the first step of this experimental research, edible rice bran oil used as test material and converted into methyl ester and non-edible jatropha vegetable oil is converted into jatropha oil methyl ester, which are known as biodiesel and they are prepared in the presence of homogeneous acid catalyst and optimized their operating parameters like reaction temperature, quantity of alcohol and the catalyst requirement, stirring rate and time of esterification. In the second step, the physical properties such as density, flash point, kinematic viscosity, cloud point, and pour point were found out for the above vegetable oils and their methyl esters. The same characteristics study was also carried out for the diesel fuel for obtaining the baseline data for analysis. The values obtained from the rice bran oil methyl ester and jatropha oil methyl ester are closely matched with the values of conventional diesel and it can be used in the existing diesel engine without any hardware modification. In the third step the storage characteristics of biodiesel are also studied. .

Synthesis of Methyl Ester from Rice Bran Oil through the Esterification Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Santoso ◽  
Abdurrohman ◽  
Anugrah Ricky Wijaya ◽  
Dedek Sukarianingsih ◽  
Sumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Esterification Reaction

Vegetable oil is one of rice bran components. As triglycerides, vegetable oil can be converted to fatty acid and alkyl esters for further treatments. Synthesis of alkyl ester oil can be carried out by esterification or transesterification reaction, depending on the quality of the oil and the catalyst. The purposes of this study are 1) Rice bran oil isolation, 2) Oil esterification 3) Characterization and identification of the methyl ester that compose rice bran oil. The stages in this research are 1) Extraction of rice bran oil, 2) Synthesis of methyl ester from rice bran through esterification reaction, 3) Methyl ester characterization of rice bran oil and its potential test as biodiesel included determination of density, viscosity, refractive index, and acid number test, 4) The identification of synthesized methyl esters composition using GC-MS. The results showed that rice bran oil has a yield of 18.09%. Synthesis of methyl esters from rice bran oil through the esterification reaction with a catalyst acid yields 72.37%. The characters of the synthesized methyl ester are on the range of biodiesel quality standards, namely, the density is 0.850 g/mL, viscosity is 4.73 cSt, a refractive index is 1.45871, and an acid number is 0.76 g KOH/g methyl ester, therefore it is claimed that the synthesized methyl esters have the potential as biodiesel. The GC-MS result showed the presence of compounds methyl tetradecanoate (0.38%), methyl hexadecanoate (40.67%), methyl 9-octadecenoate (53.68%), methyl octadecanoate (5.02%), and methyl eicosanoate (0.14%).

Assessment of Wetting Kinematics and Cooling Performance of Select Vegetable Oils and Mineral-Vegetable Oil Blend Quench Media

2015 ◽  
Vol 830-831 ◽  
pp. 160-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Pranesh Rao ◽  
K. Narayan Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Cooling Performance ◽  
Oil Blend

Quench hardening is a process where an alloy is heated to solutionizing temperature and held for a definite period, and then rapidly cooled in a quenching medium. Selection of quenchant that can yield desired properties is essential as it governs heat extraction process during quenching. In the present work, the cooling performance of vegetable oil and mineral-vegetable oil blend quench media was assessed. The vegetable oils used in this work were olive oil, canola oil and rice bran oil. The mineral-vegetable oil blends were prepared by blending 10 and 20 vol. % of rice bran and canola oil in mineral oil. Inconel probe of 12.5mm diameter and 60mm height, instrumented with thermocouples were used to characterize quenchants. The probe was heated to 850°C and quenched in the oil medium. The cooling curves at different locations in the probe were used to study wetting kinematics. Inverse modelling technique was used to estimate spatially dependent metal-quenchant interfacial heat flux. It was found that the vegetable oils exhibited very short vapour blanket stage compared to mineral oil and blends. Faster wetting kinematics obtained with blends resulted in uniform heat transfer compared to that of mineral oil. The temperature distribution in the probe quenched in vegetable oils and blends was more uniform compared to that in mineral oil. It is expected that the parts quenched in vegetable oils and blends would lead to better hardness distribution compared to mineral oils.

Experimental investigation of the combustion characteristics of a biodiesel (rice-bran oil methyl ester)-fuelled direct-injection transportation diesel engine

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (8) ◽  
pp. 921-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sinha ◽  
A K Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Crank Angle

Increased environmental awareness and depletion of fossil petroleum resources are driving industry to develop alternative fuels that are environmentally more acceptable. Transesterified vegetable oil derivatives called ‘biodiesel’ appear to be the most convenient way of utilizing bio-origin vegetable oils as substitute fuels in diesel engines. The methyl esters of vegetable oils do not require significant modification of existing engine hardware. Previous research has shown that biodiesel has comparable performance and lower brake specific fuel consumption than diesel with significant reduction in emissions of CO, hydrocarbons (HC), and smoke but slightly increased NO x emissions. In the present experimental research work, methyl ester of rice-bran oil is derived through transesterification of rice-bran oil using methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst. Experimental investigations have been carried out to examine the combustion characteristics in a direct injection transportation diesel engine running with diesel, biodiesel (rice-bran oil methyl ester), and its blends with diesel. Engine tests were performed at different engine loads ranging from no load to rated (100 per cent) load at two different engine speeds (1400 and 1800 r/min). A careful analysis of the cylinder pressure rise, heat release, and other combustion parameters such as the cylinder peak combustion pressure, rate of pressure rise, crank angle at which peak pressure occurs, rate of pressure rise, and mass burning rates was carried out. All test fuels exhibited similar combustion stages as diesel; however, biodiesel blends showed an earlier start of combustion and lower heat release during premixed combustion phase at all engine load-speed combinations. The maximum cylinder pressure reduces as the fraction of biodiesel increases in the blend and, at higher engine loads, the crank angle position of the peak cylinder pressure for biodiesel blends shifted away from the top dead centre in comparison with baseline diesel data. The maximum rate of pressure rise was found to be higher for diesel at higher engine loads; however, combustion duration was higher for biodiesel blends.

scholarly journals Investigation of parametric optimisation for the extraction of rice bran oil with the aid of ultrasound and its synthesis to biodiesel

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 04014
Author(s):  
Akash Pratim Bora ◽  
Sriya Naik ◽  
Krishna Sandilya Durbha
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
R Ratio

Improvisation of the biodiesel production using low-cost feedstock and the process optimisation is the perfect measure for the mitigation of high cost associated with the production process. In this current study, we are focussing on the extraction of rice bran oil (RBO) which is mainly considered underutilised waste material for the synthesis of biodiesel. Solvent extraction of RBO was performed with the aid of ultrasound and the study of various process parameters were exhibited using design of experiment by Taguchi model. The highest extraction efficiency was obtained at S/R ratio: 4:1 (ml/g), Agitation speed: 150 (rpm), Agitation time: 60 (min), Size range: 427.5 (micron), Sonication time (min): 15 (min) and Power level: 70 (KW). It was observed that the ultrasound-assisted extraction produced better quality oil than the extraction performed by conventional Soxhlet. Secondly, the esterification was performed using sulphuric acid as the acid catalyst and parametric optimization was performed for the enhancement of biodiesel yield using L9 orthogonal array. The key factors viz. agitation speed of 1000 rpm, methanol to oil ratio (M/O) of 10:1and reaction temperature of 60 °C; were found to be favourable for the attainment of the maximum yield of biodiesel.

scholarly journals The potential biodiesel production from Cerbera odollam oil (Bintaro) in Aceh

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 01049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairil ◽  
Aulia Rizki ◽  
Iskandar ◽  
Jalaluddin ◽  
A.S. Silitonga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Future Production

Biodiesel production from non-edible vegetable oils is an effective way to conquer the linked problems with edible oils such as food versus fuel and other environmental impacts. Cerbera odollam oil is one of these possible non-edible feed stocks for future biodiesel production. This study evaluated the potential biodiesel production from cerbera odollam. The seed was collected and extracted from Aceh, Indonesia. Moreover, biodiesel has been produced using degummed (H3PO4) and two step acid catalyst (HCl) and alkaline catalyst (KOH). The results of properties of the cerbera odollam methyl esters show that such as viscosity was about 847.9 mm2/s, density was 3.1578 kg/m3, flash point was 214.0°C, acid value was 0.4 mg KOH/g, oxidation stability was 6.35 h, FAME content was 97.77 % w/w and heating value was 40.49 MJ/kg. After analysing these properties, it has been found that there is a huge chance to produce biodiesel from this seed which complies with the limits of ASTM 6751 and EN 14214 specifications and therefore it can boost the future production of biodiesel from non-edible sources.

scholarly journals Produksi Biodiesel dari Dedak Padi dengan Metode In-Situ Dua Tahap Menggunakan Katalis Asam Sulfat dan CaO/Hydrotalcite

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382
Author(s):  
Yustia Wulandari Mirzayanti ◽  
◽  
Ayu Alisa ◽  
Devita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Oleic Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Two Sides

In this study, biodiesel is made from rice bran vegetable oil. Biodiesel production was carried out by the in-situ method using two-sides using sulfuric acid catalysts and CaO/hydrotalcite. The solvent used was methanol as an oil component in the material and a reactant in the formation of FAME and n-hexane as a solvent to increase the yield of rice bran oil extraction. CaO/hydrotalcite to the yield of biodiesel produced and composition of biodiesel at the highest yield. As much as 50 grams of rice bran was put into a three-neck flask, then 50 ml of n-hexane were added. Next, 1 ml mixture of a sulfuric acid catalyst and 250 ml of methanol were added. Then, the mixture was reacted at 65º. Add stirring to 600 rpm for 90 minutes. Reheating after 90 minutes and a sample of 2.5 grams was taken for FFA testing. Next, the CaO/hydrotalcite catalyst in 10 ml of methanol with a mass variation of 1; 1,5; and 2 grams are added to the reaction flask. The mixture was reacted again at a temperature of 65 ºSuitably stirrings 600 rpm for 90 minutes. Based on the BET test results, the CaO/hydrotalcite catalyst surface area was 200.13 m2/g. The best results obtained on CaO/hydrotalcite catalysts were 2 grams with a biodiesel yield of 9.56%. In the highest biodiesel yield, the FAME component is preferred over the oleic acid methyl ester composition with an area of 35.09% at a retention time of 19.14 min.

scholarly journals Combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with rice bran oil methyl ester and its diesel blends

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rao Gattamaneni ◽  
Saravanan Subramani ◽  
Sampath Santhanam ◽  
Rajagopal Kuderu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Maximum Heat

There has been a worldwide interest in searching for alternatives to petroleum-derived fuels due to their depletion as well as due to the concern for the environment. Vegetable oils have capability to solve this problem because they are renewable and lead to reduction in environmental pollution. The direct use of vegetable oils as a diesel engine fuel is possible but not preferable because of their extremely higher viscosity, strong tendency to polymerize and bad cold start properties. On the other hand, Biodiesels, which are derived from vegetable oils, have been recently recognized as a potential alternative to diesel oil. This study deals with the analysis of rice bran oil methyl ester (RBME) as a diesel fuel. RBME is derived through the transesterification process, in which the rice bran oil reacts with methanol in the presence of KOH. The properties of RBME thus obtained are comparable with ASTM biodiesel standards. Tests are conducted on a 4.4 kW, single-cylinder, naturally aspirated, direct-injection air-cooled stationary diesel engine to evaluate the feasibility of RBME and its diesel blends as alternate fuels. The ignition delay and peak heat release for RBME and its diesel blends are found to be lower than that of diesel and the ignition delay decreases with increase in RBME in the blend. Maximum heat release is found to occur earlier for RBME and its diesel blends than diesel. As the amount of RBME in the blend increases the HC, CO, and soot concentrations in the exhaust decreased when compared to mineral diesel. The NOx emissions of the RBME and its diesel blends are noted to be slightly higher than that of diesel.

scholarly journals Comparative analyses of biodiesel produced from neem and jatropha seed oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-143
Author(s):  
I.S. Ibrahim ◽  
I.T. Abdullahi ◽  
F.Y. Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Jatropha Seed ◽  
Astm D6751

Biodiesel is derived from triglycerides by transesterification reaction with alcohol (ethanol or methanol), and has classified as a renewable, biodegradable, and nontoxic fuel. Several methods for biodiesel production have been developed, among which transesterification using alkali-catalysis gives high levels of conversion of triglycerides to their corresponding methyl esters in short reaction times. This study was conducted to extract the neem and Jatropha oil for the production of biodiesel using alkali-catalyzed reaction The samples were subjected to reaction with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 0.2:1 w/v methanol (MeOH) to oil mole ratio, reaction temperature of 6°C, and 30 min reaction time. The final biodiesel yield obtained was 47.5% and 45.5% from the neem and the jaropha oil sample respectively. The basic physicochemical properties of the jatropha methyl ester produced from both jatropha oil samples were found to be within the ASTM D6751 specified limits.

scholarly journals Determination of Multiple Mycotoxins and Their Natural Occurrence in Edible Vegetable Oils Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2795
Author(s):  
Thammaporn Junsai ◽  
Saranya Poapolathep ◽  
Samak Sutjarit ◽  
Mario Giorgi ◽  
Zhaowei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Ionization Source

The prevalence of mycotoxins is often increased by the climatic conditions prevailing in tropical regions. Reports have revealed the contamination of mycotoxins in some types of vegetable oil. However, vegetable oil is one of the essential ingredients used in food preparation. Thus, this study determined the occurrence of multi-mycotoxins in six types of vegetable oils commercially available in Thailand to assess the consumer health risk. In total, 300 vegetable oil samples (olive oil, palm oil, soybean oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, and rice bran oil) collected from various markets in Thailand were analyzed for the presence of nine mycotoxins, namely, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2), beauvericin (BEA), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), fumonisin B1 (FB1), and fumonisin B2 (FB2) using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based procedure and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source. The incidences of mycotoxin contamination varied among the different types of oil samples. AFB1, AFB2, ZEA, FB1, and FB2 were most frequently found in contaminated samples. AFB2, BEA, ZEA, FB1, and FB2 contaminated olive oil samples, whereas AFB1, AFB2, AFG2, and OTA contaminated palm oil samples. AFB1, AFB2, and ZEA were found in soybean oils, whereas ZEA, FB1, and FB2 contaminated corn oil samples. AFB1 and AFG1 contaminated sunflower oil samples, whereas AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and OTA were detected in rice bran oil samples. However, the contamination levels of the analyzed mycotoxins were below the regulatory limits.

Efficient Micromixing for Continuous Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Waleed S. Mohammed ◽  
Ahmed H. El-Shazly ◽  
Marwa F. Elkady ◽  
Masahiro Ohshima
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Gel Preparation

Introduction: The utilization of biodiesel as an alternative fuel is turning out to be progressively famous these days because of worldwide energy deficiency. The enthusiasm for utilizing Jatropha as a non-edible oil feedstock is quickly developing. The performance of the base catalyzed methanolysis reaction could be improved by a continuous process through a microreactor in view of the high mass transfer coefficient of this technique. Materials & Methods: Nanozirconium tungstovanadate, which was synthetized using sol-gel preparation method, was utilized in a complementary step for biodiesel production process. The prepared material has an average diameter of 0.066 &µm. Results: First, the NaOH catalyzed methanolysis of Jatropha oil was investigated in a continuous microreactor, and the efficient mixing over different mixers and its impact on the biodiesel yield were studied under varied conditions. Second, the effect of adding the nanocatalyst as a second stage was investigated. Conclusion: The maximum percentage of produced methyl esters from Jatropha oil was 98.1% using a methanol/Jatropha oil molar ratio of 11 within 94 s using 1% NaOH at 60 &°C. The same maximum conversion ratio was recorded with the nanocatalyst via only 0.3% NaOH.

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