scholarly journals Comparative analyses of biodiesel produced from neem and jatropha seed oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-143
Author(s):  
I.S. Ibrahim ◽  
I.T. Abdullahi ◽  
F.Y. Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Jatropha Seed ◽  
Astm D6751

Biodiesel is derived from triglycerides by transesterification reaction with alcohol (ethanol or methanol), and has classified as a renewable, biodegradable, and nontoxic fuel. Several methods for biodiesel production have been developed, among which transesterification using alkali-catalysis gives high levels of conversion of triglycerides to their corresponding methyl esters in short reaction times. This study was conducted to extract the neem and Jatropha oil for the production of biodiesel using alkali-catalyzed reaction The samples were subjected to reaction with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 0.2:1 w/v methanol (MeOH) to oil mole ratio, reaction temperature of 6°C, and 30 min reaction time. The final biodiesel yield obtained was 47.5% and 45.5% from the neem and the jaropha oil sample respectively. The basic physicochemical properties of the jatropha methyl ester produced from both jatropha oil samples were found to be within the ASTM D6751 specified limits.

Mango (Magnifera indica) seed oil grown in Dilla town as potential raw material for biodiesel production using NaOH- a homogeneous catalyst

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Minimal Amount

Biodiesel produced by transesterification process from vegetable oils or animal fats is viewed as a promising renewable energy source. Now a day’s diminishing of petroleum reserves in the ground and increasing environmental pollution prevention and regulations have made searching for renewable oxygenated energy sources from biomasses. Biodiesel is non-toxic, renewable, biodegradable, environmentally benign, energy efficient and diesel substituent fuel used in diesel engine which contributes minimal amount of global warming gases such as CO, CO2, SO2, NOX, unburned hydrocarbons, and particulate matters. The chemical composition of the biodiesel was examined by help of GC-MS and five fatty acid methyl esters such as methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate and methyl linoleneate were identified. The variables that affect the amount of biodiesel such as methanol/oil molar ratio, mass weight of catalyst and temperature were studied. In addition to this the physicochemical properties of the biodiesel such as (density, kinematic viscosity, iodine value high heating value, flash point, acidic value, saponification value, carbon residue, peroxide value and ester content) were determined and its corresponding values were 87 Kg/m3, 5.63 Mm2/s, 39.56 g I/100g oil, 42.22 MJ/Kg, 132oC, 0.12 mgKOH/g, 209.72 mgKOH/g, 0.04%wt, 12.63 meq/kg, and 92.67 wt% respectively. The results of the present study showed that all physicochemical properties lie within the ASTM and EN biodiesel standards. Therefore, mango seed oil methyl ester could be used as an alternative to diesel engine.

scholarly journals Studies on biodiesel produced from Jatropha oil in Cambodia by a non-catalytic using C2H5OH

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Phuoc Van Nguyen ◽  
Chhoun Vi Thun ◽  
Quan Thanh Pham
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Astm D6751

Different technologies are currently available for biodiesel production from various kinds of lipid containing feedstock. Among them, the alkaline-catalyzed methods are the most widely studied. However, here are several disadvantages related to biodiesel production using alkaline catalysts such as generation of wastewater, catalyst deactivation, difficulty in the separation of biodiesel from catalyst and glycerin, etc. To limit the problems mentioned above, in this study, biodiesel is produced by a non-catalytic using C2H5OH. The effect of experimental variables (the molar ratio ethanol/oil of 41.18:1 – 46.82:1, reaction times of 50 - 90 minutes and reaction temperatures of 2750C - 2950C) on the yield of biodiesel was studied. The 96% yield of Cambodia biodiesel of reaction between C2H5OH and Jatropha Oil at 46:1 at temperature 2900C at 60 minutes no using catalysts. Obtained biodiesel fuel was up to the International Standard ASTM D6751 for biodiesel fuel blend stock (B100).

scholarly journals Biofuel Production from Waste Cooking Oils and its Physicochemical Properties in Comparison to Petrodiesel

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Ganesh Lamichhane ◽  
Sujan Khadka ◽  
Sanjib Adhikari ◽  
Niranjan Koirala ◽  
Dhruba Prasad Poudyal
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Astm D6751

Haphazard mining and consumption of fossil fuels have reduced petroleum reserves causing fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation; thus, reflecting the need of the cheaper, renewable and eco-friendly alternative source of petroleum to meet the fuel demand. Million liters of edible oil used for cooking foods and date expired oils from oil manufacturers are discarded into sewage. This study primarily intends to study the feasibility of biodiesel production using such waste oils. In this work, biodiesel was prepared from waste cooking oils by a process called transesterification with NaOH as a catalyst. Our results showed that methyl ester (biodiesel) (92.67±0.90%), soap materials (1.33±0.224%) and glycerol (6±0.68%) were obtained after the transesterification of waste cooking oil. The physicochemical properties of biodiesel such as density, viscosity, volatility, surface tension and flashpoint were analyzed, which were found to be 0.862±0.006 g/cm3, 2.23±0.021 cP, 0.327×10-3±4.5×10-6 g/s, 32.03±0.138 dyne/cm, 169.67±0.810°C, respectively. These properties were compared with that of commercial diesel as well as with the values specified by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D6751. The density and the surface tension of the biodiesel were found similar to that of petrodiesel but its volatility was 3 times lower. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of the biodiesel showed methyl ester functional group at 1436 cm-1. Based on the cost of the materials used for production, the cost of biodiesel was estimated to be about 81 Nepalese rupees (0.67 USD) per liter. The properties of biodiesel also met the standard values of ASTM D6751. These findings indicate that waste oil is one of the feasible biodiesel sources and it can be used as a suitable alternative to petrodiesel.

Optimization and effects of process variables on the production and properties of methyl ester biodiesel

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Eloka-Eboka ◽  
Ogbene Gillian Igbum ◽  
Freddie L. Inambao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels ◽  
High Yields ◽  
General Response

Optimization of the production process in biodiesel production holds huge prospects. A reduced cost option is the optimization of process variables that affect yields and purity of biodiesel, which was achieved in this study. Optimized production and direct effects of process variables on the production and quality of methyl ester biodiesel fuels from the non-edible seed oils of sandbox seed was carried out. Catalyst nature and concentration, alcohol to triglyceride molar ratio, mixing speed, reaction time and temperature were taken into consideration as variables to their individual response on the yields, viscosity and specific gravity of the methyl esters produced. These are specific indispensable properties of biodiesel for use in compression ignition engines. Optimized concentrations were 0.3 to 1.5% w/v and two mole ratios of 3:1 and 6:1. Time of reaction was varied (5mins to 30mins) with temperatures (38oC and 55oC). Also, the effect of methanol in the range of 4:1and 6:1 (molar ratio) was investigated, keeping catalyst type, reaction time and temperatures constant. The effects of KOH and NaOH on the transesterification were investigated with concentration kept constant at 1%. The general response in this study was that at optimized rate of agitation (800rpm), optimized reaction time was as low as 5minutes, 1% catalyst concentration of NaOH was the optimal concentration, and 55oC was the optimal temperature with attendant high yields. However, there are variations with the nature of feedstock as the work further exposed. These high points are particularly of interest to guide against process backdrop.

Chinese Spicehush (Lindera communis) Seed Oil Catalyzed into Biodiesel by Enzymatic Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1587-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Yuan Zhou ◽  
Wei Gang Wang ◽  
Jiu Fang Duan ◽  
Li Wei Zhu ◽  
Jian Xin Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost

Chinese Spicehush (Lindera communis) is widely distributed in China. In this paper, the biodiesel production fromLindera communisseed oil by immobilized lipase Lipozyme TLIM and Novozym 435 was studied. The effects of reaction time, segmented addition of methanol, lipase loading, organic solvents and ultrasonic on the transesterification were compared. In addition, the stability of lipase was also studied. The results show that mixture of Lipozyme TLIM 3% and 1% Novozym435 not only improves the catalytic activity, but also reduces the cost of using the enzyme. The yield of methyl esters is 90.8% after reaction of 12 h.

scholarly journals IN SITU TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK BIJI MAHONI MENJADI METIL ESTER DENGAN CO-SOLVENT THF (TETRAHYDROFURAN)

REAKTOR ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvianto Dwi Daryono ◽  
Adrianus Chrisantus Rengga ◽  
Imaniar Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Methyl Oleate ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
In Situ Transesterification ◽  
Process Solutions

Tujuan dari penelitian  adalah untuk mengkaji efektifitas penggunaan co-solvent THF pada reaksi transesterifikasi in situ minyak biji mahoni sebagai solusi proses pembuatan biodiesel yang efektif dan efisien. Variabel dan kondisi operasi  meliputi katalis NaOH, kecepatan pengadukan 450 rpm, suhu reaksi suhu kamar, rasio molar minyak:metanol = 1:101,39, rasio molar katalis:minyak = 0,5:1, % FFA minyak 1,42%, kadar air biji 0,8%, waktu reaksi 3, 8, 13, 18, dan 23 menit serta rasio molar minyak:THF 1:47,15, 1:57,85 dan 1:67,85. Biji mahoni yang telah dikeringkan dan dihaluskan ukuran +20/-30 mesh sebanyak 50 gram dimasukkan dalam labu leher tiga yang dilengkapi pendingin balik dan ditambahkan metanol, THF dan katalis NaOH serta dilakukan reaksi sesuai dengan variabel dan kondisi operasi penelitian. Setelah reaksi selesai dipisahkan antara ampas dan filtratnya. Filtrat didistilasi pada suhu ± 70oC dan residu hasil distilasi dimasukkan dalam corong pemisah dan didiamkan selama ± 12 jam agar terbentuk 2 lapisan. Lapisan atas sebagai metil ester kemudian dianalisis konsentrasi metil oleatnya dengan GC. Dari data hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil terbaik pada rasio molar minyak:THF = 1:67,85 dan waktu reaksi 23 menit dengan  konsentrasi metil oleat 59,10% dan yield metil ester 79,69%. Densitas metil ester 0,8791 g/cm3 memenuhi SNI 04-7182-2006 yaitu 0,85 – 0,89 g/cm3. Kata kunci : biodiesel, co-solvent, minyak biji mahoni, transesterifikasi in situ Abstract The purpose of this research was to assess the effectiveness of the use of co-solvent THF for in situ transesterification reaction mahogany seed oil as a biodiesel manufacturing process solutions that effectively and efficiently. Variables and operating conditions include catalyst NaOH, stirring speed of 450 rpm, room temperature the reaction temperature, molar ratio of oil: methanol = 1: 101.39, the molar ratio of catalyst: oil = 0.5: 1, % FFA oil is 1,42%,  moisture content seed of 0.8%, reaction time is 3, 8, 13, 18, and 23 minutes, and the molar ratio of oil: THF is 1: 47.15, 1: 57.85 and 1: 67.85. Mahogany seeds that have been dried and pulverized size +20/-30 mesh as much as 50 grams included in the three-neck flask equipped condenser and added methanol, THF and catalyst NaOH and the reaction carried out in accordance with the variables and operating conditions. After the reaction is complete, the filtrate and cake was separated. The filtrate is distilled at a temperature of ± 70°C and the residue distilled included in the separating funnel and allowed to stand for ± 12 hours in order to form two layers. The top layer as methyl esters were analyzed by GC to concentrations of methyl oleate. From the research data obtained the best results at a molar ratio of oil: THF = 1: 67.85 and reaction time 23 minutes with methyl oleate concentration of 59.10% and yield methyl ester of 79.69%. Methyl ester density 0.8791 g/cm3 meet SNI 04-7182-2006 from 0.85 to 0.89 g/cm3. Keywords : biodiesel, co-solvent, in situ transesterification, mahogany seed oil  

scholarly journals Sintesa Metil Ester Sulfonat dari Minyak Jarak Pagar (Jathropa Curcas Oil) dan Aplikasinya pada Proses Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)

METANA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Amin Nugroho ◽  
Luqman Buchori
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Surfactant Flooding

Konsumsi minyak bumi mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun, sementara produksinya cenderung mengalami penurunan. Produksi minyak bumi dapat ditingkatkan dengan oil recovery. Sejak tahun 1980, teknik Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) dengan menggunakan surfaktan sebagai penginjeksi (surfactant flooding) merupakan salah satu teknik yang paling berhasil untuk meningkatkan produksi minyak. Surfaktan dapat dibuat dari bahan alami, salah satunya dari minyak jarak pagar. Tujuan dari percobaan ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh waktu reaksi dan pengaruh penambahan metanol terhadap metil ester sulfonat (MES, surfaktan) yang dihasilkan dalam operasi sulfonasi. Surfaktan yang diperoleh kemudian diaplikasikan dalam proses EOR. Proses pembuatan MES dari minyak biji jarak dilakukan melalui 2 tahapan yaitu proses esterfikasi dan transesterifikasi dengan katalis batu dolomite. Metil ester (ME) yang diperoleh kemudian disulfonasi untuk mendapatkan MES. Konsentrasi surfaktan anionik dalam produk dianalisa dengan spektrofotometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MES yang memiliki kandungan surfaktan anionik paling tinggi diperoleh pada waktu reaksi 90 menit dan penambahan metanol dengan konsentrasi 40%wt yaitu sebesar 55,464 mg/L. Uji kompatibilitas didapatkan larutan berwarna keruh (koloid), sedangkan tegangan antarmukanya sebesar 17,71 dyne/cm dan tegangan antarmuka pada suhu 80oC adalah 26,57 dyne/cm. Petroleum consumption has increased from year to year, while production tends to decline. Petroleum production can be increased by oil recovery. Since 1980, the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technique using surfactants as injectors (surfactant flooding) is one of the most successful techniques for increasing oil production. Surfactants can be made from natural ingredients, one of them from jatropha oil. The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effect of reaction time and the effect of adding methanol to methyl ester sulfonate (MES, surfactant) produced in sulfonation operations. The surfactants obtained are then applied in the EOR process. The process of MES production from castor oil is carried out through 2 stages, namely esterfication and transesterification with dolomite catalyst. Methyl esters (ME) were obtained then sulfonated to obtain MES. The concentration of anionic surfactants in the product was analyzed by a spectrophotometer. The results showed that the MES which had the highest anionic surfactant content was obtained at the reaction time of 90 minutes and the addition of methanol with a concentration of 40% wt was 55.464 mg/L. Compatibility test obtained colloidal colored solution (colloid), while surface tension was 17.71 dyne/cm and surface tension at 80oC was 26.57 dyne/cm.

scholarly journals Technical aspects of biodiesel production from vegetable oils

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janahiraman Krishnakumar ◽  
Karuppannan Venkatachalapathy ◽  
Sellappan Elancheliyan
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Jatropha Oil

Biodiesel, a promising substitute as an alternative fuel has gained significant attention due to the finite nature of fossil energy sources and does not produce sulfur oxides and minimize the soot particulate in comparison with the existing one from petroleum diesel. The utilization of liquid fuels such as biodiesel produced from vegetable oil by transesterification process represents one of the most promising options for the use of conventional fossil fuels. In the first step of this experimental research, edible rice bran oil used as test material and converted into methyl ester and non-edible jatropha vegetable oil is converted into jatropha oil methyl ester, which are known as biodiesel and they are prepared in the presence of homogeneous acid catalyst and optimized their operating parameters like reaction temperature, quantity of alcohol and the catalyst requirement, stirring rate and time of esterification. In the second step, the physical properties such as density, flash point, kinematic viscosity, cloud point, and pour point were found out for the above vegetable oils and their methyl esters. The same characteristics study was also carried out for the diesel fuel for obtaining the baseline data for analysis. The values obtained from the rice bran oil methyl ester and jatropha oil methyl ester are closely matched with the values of conventional diesel and it can be used in the existing diesel engine without any hardware modification. In the third step the storage characteristics of biodiesel are also studied. .

Efficient Micromixing for Continuous Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Waleed S. Mohammed ◽  
Ahmed H. El-Shazly ◽  
Marwa F. Elkady ◽  
Masahiro Ohshima
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Gel Preparation

Introduction: The utilization of biodiesel as an alternative fuel is turning out to be progressively famous these days because of worldwide energy deficiency. The enthusiasm for utilizing Jatropha as a non-edible oil feedstock is quickly developing. The performance of the base catalyzed methanolysis reaction could be improved by a continuous process through a microreactor in view of the high mass transfer coefficient of this technique. Materials & Methods: Nanozirconium tungstovanadate, which was synthetized using sol-gel preparation method, was utilized in a complementary step for biodiesel production process. The prepared material has an average diameter of 0.066 &µm. Results: First, the NaOH catalyzed methanolysis of Jatropha oil was investigated in a continuous microreactor, and the efficient mixing over different mixers and its impact on the biodiesel yield were studied under varied conditions. Second, the effect of adding the nanocatalyst as a second stage was investigated. Conclusion: The maximum percentage of produced methyl esters from Jatropha oil was 98.1% using a methanol/Jatropha oil molar ratio of 11 within 94 s using 1% NaOH at 60 &°C. The same maximum conversion ratio was recorded with the nanocatalyst via only 0.3% NaOH.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Transesterification of Waste Frying Oil from Local Restaurants in East Colombia Using a Combined Lipase System

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3566
Author(s):  
Mary Angélica Ferreira Vela ◽  
Juan C. Acevedo-Páez ◽  
Nestor Urbina-Suárez ◽  
Yeily Adriana Rangel Basto ◽  
Ángel Darío González-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Waste Frying Oil ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Enzymatic Transesterification

The search for innovation and biotechnological strategies in the biodiesel production chain have become a topic of interest for scientific community owing the importance of renewable energy sources. This work aimed to implement an enzymatic transesterification process to obtain biodiesel from waste frying oil (WFO). The transesterification was performed by varying reaction times (8 h, 12 h and 16 h), enzyme concentrations of lipase XX 25 split (14%, 16% and 18%), pH of reaction media (6, 7 and 8) and reaction temperature (35, 38 and 40 °C) with a fixed alcohol–oil molar ratio of 3:1. The optimum operating conditions were selected to quantify the amount of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) generated. The highest biodiesel production was reached with an enzyme concentration of 14%, reaction time of 8 h, pH of 7 and temperature of 38 °C. It was estimated a FAMEs production of 42.86% for the selected experiment; however, best physicochemical characteristics of biodiesel were achieved with an enzyme concentration of 16% and reaction time of 8 h. Results suggested that enzymatic transesterification process was favorable because the amount of methyl esters obtained was similar to the content of fatty acids in the WFO.

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