The composition of gaseous products from corn stalk pyrolysis process

This paper describes experimental investigation of corn stalk pyrolysis. The mass of the sample (corn stalk) inside a pyrolytic reactor was 10 g with particle diameter of 5-10 mm. The sample in the reactor was heated in the temperature range of 24-650?C and the gas components generated during corn stalk pyrolysis were measured using gas analyzer G750 POLYTECTOR II. The sample mass before, during and after pyrolysis process was determined by using METTLER P1000 digital scale. Experimental results of the corn stalk pyrolysis indicate that as the temperature in the reactor increases from 300-650?C, the pyrolytic gas yield increases from 60-72%, while the char (coke) yield decreases from 40-28%. In the temperature range mentioned, the CO2 volume fraction in pyrolytic gas decreases, while the volume fraction of methane increases up to 39.5% followed with a constant decrease in the volume fraction of oxygen. The results obtained can represent starting basis for determining material and heat balance of pyrolysis process as well as corn stalk pyrolysis equipment.

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Experimental investigation of acoustic forcing on temperature, soot volume fraction and primary particle diameter in non-premixed laminar flames

Combustion and Flame ◽

10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.04.002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 181 ◽

pp. 270-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Kae Ken Foo ◽

Zhiwei Sun ◽

Paul R. Medwell ◽

Zeyad T. Alwahabi ◽

Bassam B. Dally ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Investigation ◽

Primary Particle ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Particle Diameter ◽

Soot Volume Fraction ◽

Laminar Flames ◽

Primary Particle Diameter ◽

Premixed Laminar Flames ◽

Acoustic Forcing ◽

Premixed Laminar

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Experimental Investigation and Mathematical Modeling of Longitudinally Placed Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymeric Composites including Interphase Volume Fraction

Fibers and Polymers ◽

10.1007/s12221-021-2087-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sagar Chokshi ◽

Piyush Gohil

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modeling ◽

Experimental Investigation ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Polymeric Composites ◽

Fiber Reinforced

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Experimental investigation on arches structural optimization of corn stalk incinerator based on a novel momentum design method

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery ◽

10.1007/s13399-021-01775-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaozhou Liu ◽

Guangyu Zhu

Keyword(s):

Experimental Investigation ◽

Structural Optimization ◽

Design Method ◽

Corn Stalk

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An Efficient Immersed Boundary Method Based on Penalized Direct Forcing for Simulating Flows Through Real Porous Media

Volume 1: Symposia, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/fedsm2012-72299 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Wim-Paul Breugem ◽

Vincent van Dijk ◽

René Delfos

Keyword(s):

Porous Medium ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Immersed Boundary Method ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Solid Volume Fraction ◽

Particle Diameter ◽

Immersed Boundary ◽

Average Particle ◽

Boundary Method ◽

Direct Forcing

A computationally efficient Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) based on penalized direct forcing was employed to determine the permeability of a real porous medium. The porous medium was composed of about 9000 glass beads with an average particle diameter of 1.93 mm and a porosity of 0.367. The forcing of the IBM depends on the local solid volume fraction within a computational grid cell. The latter could be obtained from a high-resolution X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the packing. An experimental facility was built to determine the permeability of the packing experimentally. Numerical simulations were performed for the same packing based on the data from the CT scan. For a scan resolution of 0.1 mm the numerical value for the permeability was nearly 70% larger than the experimental value. An error analysis indicated that the scan resolution of 0.1 mm was too coarse for this packing.

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Estimation of Interlayer Thickness in Inorganic Particulate-Filled Polymer Composites

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0892705711404724 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 777-788 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J.Z. Liang

Keyword(s):

Polymer Composites ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Particle Diameter ◽

Interfacial Structure ◽

Interlayer Thickness ◽

Filled Polymer ◽

Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽

The Relationship ◽

Good Agreement

The structure of the interlayer between matrix and inclusions affect directly the mechanical and physical properties of inorganic particulate-filled polymer composites. The interlayer thickness is an important parameter for characterization of the interfacial structure. The effects of the interlayer between the filler particles and matrix on the mechanical properties of polymer composites were analyzed in this article. On the basis of a simplified model of interlayer, an expression for estimating the interlayer thickness ([Formula: see text]) was proposed. In addition, the relationship between the [Formula: see text] and the particle size and its concentration was discussed. The results showed that the calculations of the [Formula: see text] and thickness/particle diameter ratio ([Formula: see text]) increased nonlinearly with an increase of the volume fraction of the inclusions. Moreover, the predictions of [Formula: see text] and the relevant data reported in literature were compared, and good agreement was found between them.

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Review of an experiment to study the propane discharge in a closed production area

Pozharnaia bezopasnost` ◽

10.37657/vniipo.pb.2021.26.73.002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

Евгений Евгеньевич Простов

Keyword(s):

Volume Fraction ◽

The Body ◽

Concentration Limit ◽

Internal Diameter ◽

Plastic Film ◽

Confined Space ◽

Gas Analyzer ◽

Ansys Fluent ◽

Gas Source ◽

Gas Supply

В статье представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований истечения пропана в различных направлениях в закрытом помещении. Рассматривался случай, когда источник истечения находился в багажнике автомобиля - имитация нахождения автомобиля с газомоторным топливом на станции технического обслуживания. Целью эксперимента являлось изучение механизма пространственного распространения газа в закрытом помещении для валидации математических моделей, используемых в программном комплексе ANSYS Fluent при моделировании поступления пропана в закрытое помещение. This scientific work describes a test conducted in a multidisciplinary test box on the testing training ground of the Orenburg branch of the All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection of EMERCOM of Russia. For the experiment there was built a room to simulate a service station (or parking box) for two cars. The frame was made of wooden bars and a plastic film was used to isolate the internal volume. The experimental installation consisted of a gas source with an internal diameter of 5 mm, located in the center of the room, and a system for gas supply and registration of experimental data from six gas analyzers SGOES-2 with a measurement range of pre-explosive concentrations from 0 to 100% of the lower concentration limit of flame propagation (NKPR) or a volume fraction from 0 to 1.7% with absolute ± 5% NKPR (in the range from 0 to 50% NKPR) and relative ± 10% NKPR (in the range from 50 to 100% NKPR) errors. In the center of the experimental room there was placed a car with the gas source in the trunk. All openings to the interior were insulated with plastic film and mounting foam. Natural cracks were left between the trunk lid and the body. The gas source is located in the trunk of the car and is directed towards the wide part of the trunk at an angle of 30 degrees relative to the floor (simulating the location of the gas cylinder used in cars). The gas analyzers were located along the wall, where the outflow is directed along the perimeter of the trunk, and one gas analyzer was located directly in the trunk behind the gas analyzer to control gas contamination. Propane has been released into the trunk with a constant flow rate of 2.8 m/h for 5 minutes. There were 8 test starts of the gas supply system (the flow vertically down), and then there were carried out 3 experiments per 3 series of tests in each. The purpose of the test was to study the mechanism of spatial gas propagation in an confined space for validation of mathematical models used in the ANSYS Fluent software package when modeling the propane intake into the confined space

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MULTIPLE REGRESSION AND MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR PREDICTION OF NANOFLUID HEAT TRANSFER

Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications ◽

10.1115/1.4052344 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Eyup Kocak ◽

Ulku Ece Ayli ◽

Hasmet Turkoglu

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Nusselt Number ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Particle Diameter ◽

Machine Learning Techniques ◽

Exponential Factor ◽

Nano Fluid ◽

Neuro Fuzzy ◽

Interface System

Abstract The aim of this paper is to introduce and discuss prediction power of the multiple regression technique, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interface System (ANFIS) methods for predicting the forced convection heat transfer characteristics of a turbulent nano fluid flow a pipe. Water and Al2O3 mixture is used as the nano fluid. Utilizing FLUENT software, numerical computations were performed with volume fraction ranging between 0.3% and 5%, particle diameter ranging between 20 and 140 nm and Reynolds number ranging between 7000 and 21000. Based on the computationally obtained results, a correlation is developed for Nusselt number using the multiple regression method. Also, based on the CFD results different ANN architectures with different number of neurons in the hidden layers and several training algorithms (Levenberg-Marquardt, Bayesian Regularization, Scaled Conjugate Gradient) are tested to find the best ANN architecture. In addition, Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Interface System (ANFIS) is also used to predict the Nusselt number. In the ANFIS, number of clusters, exponential factor and Membership Function (MF) type are optimized. The results obtained from multiple regression correlation, ANN and ANFIS were compared. According to the obtained results, ANFIS is a powerful tool with a R2 of 0.9987 for predictions.

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Theoretical Analysis of CFD-DEM Mathematical Model Solution Change With Varying Computational Cell Size

Volume 3: Fluid Machinery; Erosion, Slurry, Sedimentation; Experimental, Multiscale, and Numerical Methods for Multiphase Flows; Gas-Liquid, Gas-Solid, and Liquid-Solid Flows; Performance of Multiphase Flow Systems; Micro/Nano-Fluidics ◽

10.1115/fedsm2018-83263 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Annette Volk ◽

Urmila Ghia

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Cell Size ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Particle Diameter ◽

Independent Solution ◽

Model Verification ◽

Computational Cell ◽

Drag Laws ◽

Fraction Method

Successful verification and validation is crucial to build confidence in the application of coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics - Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM). Model verification includes ensuring a mesh-independent solution, which poses a major difficulty in CFD-DEM due to the complicated solution relationship with computational cell size. In this paper, we investigate the theoretical relationship between the solution and computational cell size by tracing the effects of a change in cell size through the mathematical model. The porosity profile for simulations of fixed-particle beds is determined to be Gaussian, and the average and standard deviation of the representative distribution are reported against cell size. We find the standard deviation of bed porosity increases exponentially as the cell size is reduced, and the drag calculations are very sensitive to changes in the porosity standard deviation, resulting in an exponential change in expected drag when the cell size is small relative to the particle diameter. The divided volume fraction method of porosity calculation is shown to be superior to the centred volume fraction method, as it reduces the porosity standard deviation. The sensitivity of five popular drag laws to changes in the porosity profile is presented, and the Ergun and Beetstra drag laws are shown to be the least sensitive to changes in the cell size.

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