scholarly journals Canine brucellosis: Epizootiological characteristics, therapy and control of the disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Sonja Radojicic
Keyword(s):  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Brucella Canis ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Canine Brucellosis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Serological Diagnostics ◽  
Reliable Diagnostic Method

The paper describes different aspects of canine brucellosis caused by Brucella canis. The disease is present in a large number of countries all over the world, where it inflicts severe economic damages, in particular in the commercial breeding and major dog breeding facilities. The disease was discovered in 1966 in the United States of America, but there were no data about its presence or distribution in our country until 1999. It was established, following the initial investigations, that the prevalence of the disease is extremely high, and that it amounted to 4.27% among pet dogs in the territory of Belgrade. Investigations of stray dogs in the territory of Podgorica showed that the seroprevalence (an equal titer or higher than 1/200) was 9.37%, while the prevalence among stray dogs in the territory of Belgrade was 10.87%. Data for other parts of Serbia are mostly lacking, and the seroprevalence for stray dogs in the Municipality of Pozarevac amounted to over 15%, while not a single serologically positive case was found among pet dogs. In addition to the epizootiological specificities of the disease established in our country, isolates of B. canis from the territory of Serbia also indicate digressions in the test of resistance to colors with respect to the referent strain RM6/66. All isolates (SR1-SR-7) are resistant to base fuchsine, and it is probable that this characteristic could also be an important epizootiological marker. Even though the isolation of the cause is the most reliable diagnostic method, it is not possible to achieve this in most cases. That is why one of the most important tasks is to define the most ideal tests for the serological diagnostics of the disease, and the obligation of reporting the disease makes it imperative that wider-scale investigations are conducted and that measures are taken toward reducing the number of positive cases in our country. .

scholarly journals First Isolation and Multilocus Sequence Typing of Brucella canis from a Subclinically Infected Pet Dog in China

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Guangwen Yan ◽  
Zidong Pang ◽  
Yan Hu ◽  
Ziyao Zhou ◽  
Haifeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Brucella Strain ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Brucella Canis ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canine Brucellosis

Canine brucellosis, a worldwide zoonotic disease, is mainly caused by Brucella canis. In the present study, we isolated a Brucella strain (CD3) from a subclinically infected pet dog in Sichuan Province, Southwestern China. Classical biotyping methods and molecular biological tests (BCSP31 and BcSS PCR) proved that the strain belonged to B. canis. Furthermore, B. canis CD3 and another two B. canis strains (WJ5 and YA4), which were all isolated from pet dogs in Sichuan, were genotyped using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Our results showed that the three B. canis strains were identified as the same sequence type (ST21). The present study is the first to report B. canis strain from a subclinically infected pet dog in China, indicating a potential threat to public health posed by subclinical infections in pet dogs. We suggest that screening for B. canis should be incorporated into routine medical examination of pet dogs and other companion animals in areas with a history of animal or human brucellosis.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Brucella canis Strains Isolated from Kennels, Household, and Stray Dogs in Chile

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2073
Author(s):  
Nicolás Galarce ◽  
Beatriz Escobar ◽  
Eduard Martínez ◽  
Natalia Alvarado ◽  
Gabriela Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Official Control ◽  
Brucella Canis ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
Canine Brucellosis

Canine brucellosis caused by Brucella canis is a zoonotic disease that causes reproductive alterations in dogs, such as infertility, abortion, and epididymitis. This pathogen is especially prevalent in South America, and due to the lack of official control programs and the growing trend of adopting dogs it constitutes a public health risk that must be addressed. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of B. canis infection in kennel, shelter, and household dogs and to characterize the genomic properties of circulating strains, including ure and virB operons and omp25/31 genes. Samples from 771 dogs were obtained, and the infection was detected by blood culture and/or serology in 7.0% of the animals. The complete ure and virB operons and the omp25/31 genes were detected. Interestingly, we found different single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in some of the analyzed genes, which could mean a change in the fitness or virulence of these strains. This study provides further evidence about dogs as a source of B. canis strains that can infect people. This also highlights the need to implement official control programs, including the mandatory testing of dogs, especially stray dogs, before adoption.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Dogs in Enugu and Anambra States, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
pp. 35-59
Author(s):  
Chidiebere O. Anyaoha ◽  
Lynda O. Majesty-Alukagberie ◽  
Iniobong C I. Ugochukwu ◽  
John A. Nwanta ◽  
Boniface M. Anene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brucella Canis ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Canine Brucellosis ◽  
And Control

Seroprevalence of the antibodies of Brucella canis and Brucella abortus in dogs was assessed using a cross-sectional survey in Anambra and Enugu States, Nigeria. A total of 123 Companion dogs made up of 65 clinic dogs, 34 slaughter dogs and 24 household dogs were screened. For B. abortus antibody assay, the collected serum was used for Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), Serum agglutination test (SAT) and Solid Phase Immunoassay technique with Immunocomb® Canine Brucellosis Antibody Test Kit was used. Out of the 123 dogs screened, none was positive for Brucella abortus antibodies while 34 (27.7%) of the dogs screened were positive for B. canis antibodies. There was a significant association (P0.05) between infection and sex, the infection was significantly higher (P0.05) in female than male dogs. Prevalence was significantly higher (P0.05) in Exotic breeds than in mixed and local dog breeds. There was no association (P0.05) between infection and antibody titre levels in the different categories of dogs. However, there was significant association (P0.05) between the presence of Brucella canis antibodies and free roaming of dogs. This study provides the first serological evidence of B. canis infection in dogs in Enugu and Anambra States. This shows that B. canis is endemic in both states, underscoring the need for further studies. Female dogs, exotic breeds and freely roaming dogs are at a higher risk of Brucella infection in the study area; therefore, preventive and control measures are strongly recommended

scholarly journals Investigations of spread of canine Brucellosis caused by Brucella canis in territory of Municipality of Pozarevac

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 337-344
Author(s):  
Slobodan Zivojinovic ◽  
Sonja Radojicic ◽  
Milena Zivojinovic ◽  
Jasmina Kircanski
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Brucella Canis ◽  
Basic Source ◽  
Canine Brucellosis ◽  
Fetal Organs ◽  
Serum Agglutination

The paper examines the presence and distribution of infections caused by Brucella canis in different categories of dogs in the territory of the Municipality of Pozarevac. A total of 151 dogs were examined, and 74 blood serums originated from dogs of known owners and 77 from stray dogs. The investigations were carried out also on 40 samples of full blood of stray dogs, as well as fetal organs and reproductive organs of a serologically positive female following hysterectomy. Investigations included a clinical examination of the dogs, rapid serum agglutination, slow serum agglutination, and isolation of the cause. In all the examined dogs, the rapid agglutination test gave a positive result in 16.55% of the examined samples, the slow agglutination test 11.25%, which is an extremely high percentage in comparison with other regions of our country. Therapy using antibiotics, zoohygienic measures, castration or hysterectomy (as attempts to avoid residue and break the chain of the transfer of the infection) are conditions for out rooting the disease. Control of stray dogs is necessary, as they present the basic source of the infection. The results obtained in the course of these investigations indicate the absolute justification of including this contagious disease in the group of diseases whose reporting is compulsory.

Posthumous control of copyright, its limitations and the public interest

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-62
Author(s):  
Desmond Osaretin Oriakhogba ◽  
Gloria Kanwulia Adeola-Adedipe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Control ◽  
Desk Research ◽  
Shed Light

Conducted as a desk research, this paper examines the interface between copyright and succession laws, the notion of testamentary freedom, its limitations and justification for its restriction. The paper draws on this examination to discuss the freedom of authors to dispose their copyright under testate and intestate arrangements, and posthumously control the use of their works under the Nigerian Copyright Act. Following this discussion, the paper identifies and examines the relevant provisions of the Copyright Act that can limit the capacity of authors to posthumously control the use of their works in Nigeria. The paper contends that authors’ liberty to transfer their copyright by testamentary disposition or operation of law, and control the use of their works posthumously, without public interest friendly limitations, can create an imbalance within the copyright system. This paper addresses the issues of whether public interest objectives may be achieved through the limitation in the extant Copyright Act, especially given the propensity for copyright misuse by authors in death, as well as during their lifetime, and what policy options may align the public interest with authors’ posthumous control of copyright. In resolving these questions, the paper draws on instances of copyright misuse in the United States of America (USA) and South Africa and situates them within the Nigerian context to shed light on the issues discussed.

scholarly journals The main lobbying development trends in the United States of America

2019 ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Trofymenko ◽  
Dmytro Lubinets
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Relations ◽  
American Model ◽  
Standards Of Conduct ◽  
And Control

The relevance of the issue of decreasing corruption in Ukraine causes the scientific interest in the study of such a political institution as lobbyism. An analysis of the global lobbying experience allows us to distinguish the lessons Ukraine can apply in this field. The article presents an analysis of the American lobbying model, since the United States was the first country to acknowledge and determine lobbying, as well as to develop the most advanced lobbying methods and technologies on the legislative level. The authors specify the main trends in the establishment and functioning of lobbying in the United States of America through studying the requirements of legislation in this field, imposed both on lobbyists and officials, considering ethical norms that lobbyists should be guided by in their work, subject-object determination of American lobbyism, and prevailing forms thereof in the state. As a result of the study carried out, it was found out that the legal framework for lobbying in the United States is based on the following: the principles of compulsory accountability and reporting of lobbyists and their clients, foreign clients, in particular; ethical standards of conduct for employees; restriction of lobbying for former civil servants; lobbying in all the branches of power; lobbying supervision and control by government agencies (these functions are entrusted to the Secretary of the Senate and Secretary of the House of Representatives) and the public, by lobbyists as well through establishing a Code of Lobbying Ethics, mediation between the client and the authorities. Keywords: lobbyism, lobbying, American model, Association of Government Relations Professionals, Code of Lobbying Ethics, lobby register.

Investigation of The Presence of Brucella canis in Dogs in Western Part of Turkey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Parin ◽  
E. Goksel ◽  
H. T.Y. Dolgun ◽  
S. Kirkan ◽  
S. Turkyilmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Brucella Canis ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Canine Brucellosis

Background: Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection that usually settles in the genital organs, causing chronic, infectious and necrotic inflammatory disorders characterised by abortion and infertility mastitis in females and orchitis, epididymitis and testicular atrophy in male animals. Brucella canis causes Brucella infections in dogs. Less concern has showed to B. canis in Turkey, although dogs usually live in close contact with their owners and there is an increasing incidence of breeding kennels and stray dogs with poor state of health. The scope of this study is to determine the regional prevalance of canine brucellosis caused by Brucella canis using a 2-mercaptaethanol rapid slide agglutination test and species-specific PCR method in the western part of Turkey. Methods: A total of 200 blood samples (80 from Aydýn Province, 60 from Ýzmir Province and 60 from Muðla Province) were collected between March 2019 and February 2020. Serological analysis was performed via mercaptoethanol microagglutination test. Brucella canis-specific PCR procedures were used to detect brucellosis at the molecular level. Result: Twelve (6%) of the serum samples were positive for 2-ME RSAT. B. canis positivity was detected in 10 (5%) out of 200 samples via PCR test. Twelve positive samples were found via 2-ME RSAT and 10 positive samples were found via molecular testing. B. canis positivity was 7.5% in Aydýn and 6.6% in Muðla, as revealed via molecular tests in pet dogs in contact with stray dogs. The presence of B. canis was not observed in the dogs examined from Ýzmir Province, which were not in contact with strays.

Time Management and Control: A Bibliometric Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Salhi Roumeissa
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Project Success ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Vos Viewer ◽  
And Control

Time management and control are crucial for project success, and it has known an increasing interest by researchers around the world since the appearance of project management and until now. The aim of the present paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of researches in this field. A bibliometric analysis of researches in time management and control published in the Web of Science (WoS) during 2012-2021 was conducted in order to find the most influential publications in this field, as well as, the countries that contribute the most to these researches, and the most used key words. The VOS Viewer was used for mapping and visualizing bibliometric networks. The results show an increased trend of publications in this field. And that the major contributors to researches in Time Management and Control are People's Republic of China, the United States of America, and England. Moreover, Labadie (2004) was the most cited author. Also, the results show 3 main levels of keywords, the first was related to time management in general, the second was related to the models and systems using and the third concerning the tools, the methods used in time management and control. These findings could help researchers to understand more the topic of time management and control, and it opens up the scope of view to conduct studies in related fields.

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