Investigations of influence of colostral antibodies on development of pathomorphological changes following experimental infection of piglets with classical swine plague virus

The pathomorphological changes established following infection with the virus of classical swine plague in non-immune individuals are well known. However, piglets present a problem from the clinical-pathological aspect, in which this virus can be multiplied in spite of established colostral antibodies, but without the exhibiting of the clinical symptoms characteristic for the disease. The question of the characteristics of the pathomorphological finding is raised in the event of the breakdown of the colostral immunity of the piglets. With the objective of determining the influence of colostral antibodies on the development of pathomorphological changes in classical swine plague, piglets aged 28, 35, 44, and 54 days, originating from sows that had received a vaccine of the K-strain of the classical swine plague virus, were experimentally infected with a virulent variety of this virus (Becker strain). The control group comprised non-vaccinated animals originating from non-vaccinated sows. Following the death and/or sacrificing of the piglets in the experiment, a pathomorphological examination was performed of all organic systems and the presence of classical swine plague virus antigens was established in organs and tissues of piglets using the immunoenzyme (ELISA) test. Even though clinical signs characteristic for this disease were not found in all animals following artificial infection, the pathomorphological findings following death and/or sacrificing indicated a successful experimental infection and was typical for the acute course of classical swine plague. Bleeding was established in most organs and serous membranes (haemorrhagic diathesis). However, certain variations were also established regarding the expression and distribution of the pathomorphological changes in certain animals.

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Experimental infection on the locally isolated avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v41i1.69 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Zaid Haddam Taha

Keyword(s):

Experimental Infection ◽

Post Infection ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Infected Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽

Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽

Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽

And Control

The aim of this study was to evaluate virulence of local isolated avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus in experimentally infected chicken. Forty chickens 10 weeks old were used for the experimental infection with the locally isolated infectious laryngotracheitis virus. Chickens were divided into three groups, the first group consisted from 20 chickens infected with isolated infectious laryngotracheitis virus (2×104.16 TCID 50/50 µl) via eyes and mouth drops (one drop for each). The second group consisted of 10 chickens (non-infected) in contact with infected group inoculated with maintenance media (Minimum essential medium) on their eyes, to observe if the infected group can spread the virus. The third group consisted from 10 chickens (non-infected) were left as a control group separated from other groups, inoculated with maintenance media (Minimum essential medium) on their eyes. Clinical signs and mortality were examined daily up to 12 days post infection. The main clinical signs were depression coughing and gasping with mild conjunctivitis and no mortality. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was conducted on the collected sera of chickens before and after experimental infection with isolated virus. The results of ELISA test was negative for all groups of chickens before experiment and positive results for infected group with titer approximately ranging from (2534-7910); Measure of central tendency and dispersion were used with mean (4874.75) and stander error (355.96\ 13.6%); while negative results for contact group and control group. Eighteen chickens (10 weeks old) separately were divided into three groups (infected, contact and control) treated as mention above and were used for histopathological examination; the chickens were killed, two in each group at 24 hr., 48 hr. and 72 hr. post infection. The histopathological changes on trachea and larynx were intracellur inclusion bodies formation detected at 72hr., post infection for infected group only.

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Effect of inorganic and organic zinc supplementation on coccidial infections in goat kids

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb201180020131 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 131-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Petra Strnadová ◽

Vlasta Svobodová ◽

Leoš Pavlata ◽

Ľubica Mišurová ◽

Rudolf Dvořák

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Plasma Concentration ◽

Blood Plasma ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Control Group ◽

Organic Zinc ◽

Highest Weight ◽

Weight Gains ◽

Zinc Concentrations

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of zinc-enriched diet fed to goats and their kids on the number of Coccidia oocysts shed by kids, on clinical signs of coccidiosis, weight gains, and kids’ blood plasma concentration of zinc. A total of 22 goat kids were divided into 4 groups of 5 or 6 animals. Goats and kids from the control group did not receive any additional zinc, the second group was supplemented with inorganic zinc (zinc oxide), the third group was given zinc lactate, and the fourth group received chelated zinc. Samples of kids’ faeces were taken weekly from 3 to 9 weeks of their age (a total of 7 samples were taken). Samples of faeces were examined by a quantitative method to detect the number of oocysts. Kids were weighed weekly and their blood was taken in order to determine zinc concentrations in blood plasma. Animals from the group supplemented with zinc chelate and zinc lactate shed a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower number of oocysts (13.4% and 11.9%, respectively) compared to the number of oocyst shed by control and zinc oxide supplemented groups (25% and 49.7%, respectively). Shedding of oocysts was not accompanied by clinical symptoms of coccidiosis in any of the groups. Kids supplemented with zinc chelate showed significantly highest weight gains and blood plasma concentration of zinc (p ≤ 0.05) as compared to control and inorganic zinc supplemented groups. Organic zinc is to be recommended to be used as a prophylaxis against coccidiosis in goat kids.

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ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSING CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME NEED TO BE REVISED IN HYPOTHYROID PATIENTS

Journal of Musculoskeletal Research ◽

10.1142/s0218957717500142 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (03) ◽

pp. 1750014

Author(s):

Mahdieh Asadi ◽

Sharareh Roshanzamir

Keyword(s):

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽

Carpal Tunnel ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Control Group ◽

Tunnel Syndrome ◽

Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Hypothyroid Patients

Background: Previous studies do not agree with each other on the association between electrodiagnostic findings and clinical symptoms of Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). In most of these studies, many variables such as age, sex, obesity and hypothyroidism have not been taken into account. Material & methods: About 62 patients with hypothyroidism and 62 patients without hypothyroidism with sign and symptoms of CTS were included in this study. Electrodiagnostic tests were done for all patients. And relationship of the severity of CTS signs and symptoms with electrodiagnostic parameters was examined statistically in each group. Results: This study showed that distal motor latency in control group (without hypothyroidism) is significantly more prolonged than hypothyroid patients. Also there was significant correlation between clinical symptoms and electrodiagnostic findings in control group, but there was not such correlation in hypothyroid patients. In 62% of hypothyroid patients with clinical signs and symptoms of CTS, electrodiagnostic findings were normal and only in 38% of cases, electrodiagnostic findings were suggestive of CTS. Conclusion: Relationship of the severity of CTS signs and symptoms with electrodiagnostic parameters is very weak in hypothyroid patients. Many hypothyroid patients with clinical signs and symptoms of CTS have normal electrodiagnostic findings; so we need more studies for revising the para-clinic criteria of labeling patients having CTS in hypothyroid patients.

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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation improve clinical symptoms in patients with covid-19: A randomized clinical trial

10.22541/au.161051252.26168891/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohsen Sedighiyan ◽

Hamed Abdollahi ◽

Elmira Karimi ◽

Mostafa Badeli ◽

Reza Erfanian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Control Group ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Body Pain

Objective: We hypothesized that omega-3 fatty acids would be an appropriate adjunct therapy for alleviating the inflammatory response and clinical manifestation in hospitalized patients with covid-19 disease. Methods: This was a single-blind randomized controlled trial in Amir-Alam hospital in Tehran. Thirty adult men and women diagnosed with covid-19 were allocated to either control group (receiving Hydroxychloroquine) or intervention group (receiving Hydroxychloroquine plus 2 grams of DHA+EPA) for 2 weeks. Primary outcome of the intervention including CRP, ESR as well as clinical symptoms including body pain, fatigue, appetite and olfactory and secondary outcomes including liver enzymes were determined at the baseline and after omega-3 supplementation. Clinical signs were measured using self-reported questionnaires. There were commercial kits for determination of CRP and liver enzymes concentrations in the serum of patients. For determination of ESR automated hematology analyzer was applied. Results: In comparison to control group, patients receiving omega-3 indicated favorable changes in all clinical symptoms except for olfactory ((p<0.001 for body pain and fatigue, p= 0.03 for appetite and p=0.21 for olfactory). Reducing effects of omega-3 supplementation compared to control group were also observed in the levels of ESR and CRP after treatment (p<0.001 for CRP and p=0.02 for ESR). However, no between group differences in the liver enzymes serum concentrations were observed after supplementation (p>0.05). Conclusion: Current observations are very promising and indicate that supplementation with moderate dosages of omega-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in the management of inflammation-mediated clinical symptoms in covid-19 patients. Key words: Covid-19, omega-3, inflammation, clinical symptoms

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The Prophylactic Use of Bovine Colostrum in a Murine Model of TNBS-Induced Colitis

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10030492 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 492 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura Menchetti ◽

Giulio Curone ◽

Iulia Elena Filipescu ◽

Olimpia Barbato ◽

Leonardo Leonardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Bovine Colostrum ◽

Saline Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Prophylactic Use

This study investigated the effects of a short-term administration of bovine colostrum (BC) in a TNBS model of induced colitis. Colitis was induced by TNBS treatment after seven days of BC (BC group, n = 12) or saline (control group, n = 12) administration in mice. Clinical signs, histopathological characteristics, expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and microbial composition were assessed. BC was well tolerated and did not induce any histological damage or clinical symptoms. After TNBS treatment, the BC group showed a reduction in body weight (BW) loss compared to Control (p < 0.05). Moreover, expression levels of TLR4 (p < 0.01), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β; p < 0.001), Interleukin-8 (IL-8; p < 0.001), and Interleukin-10 (IL-10; p < 0.001) were lower in mice administered with BC. Finally, Escherichia coli were higher (p < 0.05), while Enterococci (p < 0.001), Lactobacillus spp. (p < 0.001), and Bifidobacterium spp. (p < 0.05) were lower in Control than BC group. This study confirms that pre-treatment with BC modulates the expression of genes and the count of microbes involved in the etiopathogenesis of colitis.

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The morphological changes in bitches endometrium affected by Cystic Endometrail Hyperplasia - Pyometra complex – the value of histopathological examination

10.21203/rs.3.rs-26656/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Magdalena Woźna-Wysocka ◽

Marta Rybska ◽

Beata Błaszak ◽

Bartłomiej Maria Jaśkowski ◽

Magdalena Kulus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Histological Analysis ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Control Group ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Microscopic Evaluation ◽

Uterine Diseases

Abstract Background: The cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex (CEH-P) is one of the most common uteropathies in bitches. In diseases with mild or obscure clinical signs and normal uterine size, a diagnosis based on a clinical assessment might be incorrect. The main aim of the research was to determine the morphological variables accompanying uterine diseases in bitches in microscopic evaluation. Consequently, the obtained results can be used to create a new classification system for uterine pathological changes during the development of the CEH-P, diagnosed by microscopic examination in bitches. Material for the study consisted of the uteri of 120 female dogs, aged 1-16 years, obtained during routine ovariohysterectomies. Macroscopic observation after a longitudinal incision of the uterine horns, allowed a preliminary classification of the uteri into research groups: control group (physiological uteri), and groups GI-III uteri collected form bitches with varying degrees of endometrial pathology. These preliminary classifications were then verified by histological analysis (H&E stain).Results: The obtained results made it possible to determine and describe the prevalence (%) of pathological changes characteristic of the analyzed uterine diseases in the examined bitches. Histopathological analyses that were conducted have confirmed preliminary macroscopic evaluation for the control group, group GII (CEH), and group GIII (pyometra). In the uteri of the GI group, a severe congestion of endometrium has been observed – this is typical of inflammation – which was not confirmed during histopathological examinations. However, these examinations revealed acute endometrial haemorrhage of varying severity.Conclusions: Early reproduction disorders in bitches are, in general, not confirmed by clinical signs in the examined animals. The results show that during classification of typical morphological changes in endometrium over the development of the CEH-P complex in bitches microscopic examinations are required. The obtained results indicate a frequent lack of consistency in the macroscopic assessment and histological analysis of the endometrium, observed in the analyzed uterine diseases, which in most cases is not followed by clinical symptoms. The presented classification of uterine diseases may be useful as a diagnostic tool in reproductive disorders in bitches and in examination in the field of basic research.

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Sequential Immunization with Universal Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Candidates Protects Ferrets against a High-Dose Heterologous Virus Challenge

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines7030061 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Irina Isakova-Sivak ◽

Victoria Matyushenko ◽

Tatiana Kotomina ◽

Irina Kiseleva ◽

Elena Krutikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Protective Efficacy ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Influenza Vaccines ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

T Cell Epitopes

The development of universal influenza vaccines has been a priority for more than 20 years. We conducted a preclinical study in ferrets of two sets of live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) expressing chimeric hemagglutinin (cHA). These vaccines contained the HA stalk domain from H1N1pdm09 virus but had antigenically unrelated globular head domains from avian influenza viruses H5N1, H8N4 and H9N2. The viral nucleoproteins (NPs) in the two sets of universal LAIV candidates were from different sources: one LAIV set contained NP from A/Leningrad/17 master donor virus (MDV), while in the other set this gene was from wild-type (WT) H1N1pdm09 virus, in order to better match the CD8 T-cell epitopes of currently circulating influenza A viruses. To avoid any difference in protective effect of the various anti-neuraminidase (NA) antibodies, all LAIVs were engineered to contain the NA gene of Len/17 MDV. Naïve ferrets were sequentially immunized with three doses of (i) classical LAIVs containing non-chimeric HA and NP from MDV (LAIVs (NP-MDV)); (ii) cHA-based LAIVs containing NP from MDV (cHA LAIVs (NP-MDV)); and (iii) cHA-based LAIVs containing NP from H1N1pdm09 virus (cHA LAIVs (NP-WT)). All vaccination regimens were safe, producing no significant increase in body temperature or weight loss, in comparison with the placebo group. The two groups of cHA-based vaccines induced a broadly reactive HA stalk-directed antibody, while classical LAIVs did not. A high-dose challenge with H1N1pdm09 virus induced significant pathology in the control, non-immunized ferrets, including high virus titers in respiratory tissues, clinical signs of disease and histopathological changes in nasal turbinates and lung tissues. All three vaccination regimens protected animals from clinical manifestations of disease: immunized ferrets did not lose weight or show clinical symptoms, and their fever was significantly lower than in the control group. Further analysis of virological and pathological data revealed the following hierarchy in the cross-protective efficacy of the vaccines: cHA LAIVs (NP-WT) > cHA LAIVs (NP-MDV) > LAIVs (NP-MDV). This ferret study showed that prototype universal cHA-based LAIVs are highly promising candidates for further clinical development.

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Low-intensity laser therapy of pleuritis

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns0312516m ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 56 (11-12) ◽

pp. 516-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Momir Milojevic ◽

Vesna Kuruc

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Control Group ◽

Acupuncture Points ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Low Intensity Laser Therapy

Introduction Low-intensity lasers have been utilized in medicine in two ways: for local stimulation and for stimulation of acupuncture points. Literature data reveal that this method has been indiscriminately applied in physiatry, rheumatology, gynecology, dermatology, otorhinolaryngology, in diverse acute and chronic pains, inflammations, vascular disorders, angina pectoris, bronchial asthma. Most commonly reported clinical effects are analgesia, spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as faster wound and bone healing. Material and methods This prospective study analyses effects of laser biostimulation on patients with pleurisy. The analysis included 25 patients treated at the Institute of Lung Diseases in Sremska Kamenica during 2000, 2001 and 2002. Appart from conservative treatment, these patients were treated with laser biostimulation of acupuncture points and local region for ten days. During treatment, changes of present clinical signs, general symptoms, radiological findings, as well as changes of some relevant biochemical parameters were recorded. Results Results were compared with the control group which included the same number of patients, who differed from the examined group only by not being exposed to laser biostimulation. The examined group of patients with pleuritis presented with quicker resorption of pleural effusion, less pleural adhesions, more significant decrease of clinical symptoms, especially pain, as well as more significant increase of cortisol and immunoglobulin A and decrease of circulating immune complexes (CIC), leukocytes and sedimentation rate than the control group. Discussion Mechanisms of laser biostimulation in treatment of pleurisy were described in detail and the obtained results were correlated to those reported by other authors. Conclusion 1. Patients with pleurisy undergoing laser stimulation presented with faster resorption of effusion and remission of the subjective symptoms, as well as significant decrease of biochemical acute inflammation parameters in the peripheral blood and therefore with faster recovery. 2. In patients with pleurisy laser treatment increases regenerative mechanisms of the pleural surface, thus decreasing the quantity of formed adhesions and resulting in better mobility of the diaphragm.

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POTENCY TESTING OF ATTENUATED LIVE VACCINE LAVIR- K® AGAINST CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER

Archives of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.46784/e-avm.v3i1.190 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 13-22

Author(s):

Dragica Stojanović ◽

Budimir Plavšić ◽

Radomir Ratajac ◽

Maja Velhner ◽

Jasna Prodanov Radulović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Tests ◽

Animal Health ◽

Classical Swine Fever ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Live Vaccine ◽

Control Group ◽

Artificial Infection ◽

European Pharmacopoeia ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

The Republic

In the paper are presented the results of investigating protective effect of attenuated live vaccine against classical swine fever (CSF) under experimental conditions. The vaccine contains C-strain of CSF. In the Republic of Serbia it is used for systemic immunoprophylaxis. Potency testing was performed according to the guidelines of the European Pharmacopoeia, 5th Edition, 2005 (01/2005:0065) and the guidelines published by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) (Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, 5th Edition, 2008, Vol. 1, Chapter 2.8.3). The experiments were carried out on twelve weaner pigs seven weeks of age randomly assigned to two groups consisting of five, and one group consisting of two pigs. Before introducing the experimental protocol of vaccination and artificial infection, the presence of specific antibodies against CSF was controlled by ELISA test, i.e. by serum neutralisation test that proved no presence of antibodies against bovine virus diarrhea (BVD). The pigs in the fist group were vaccinated with attenuated live vaccine Lavir-K® (Veterinary Institute Zemun a.d. Belgrade) in a 1:40 dilution, and the pigs from second group were vaccinated in a 1:160 dilution. The group three served as a control group that was not vaccinated. Fourteen days post vaccination all animals were challenged with highly virulent CSF virus strain Beker, and fourteen days after artificial infection animals were daily observed and their body temperature was recorded. In the group of animals vaccinated with vaccine Lavir-K® in a 1:40 dilution there were no clinical characteristic symptoms of CSF, while in the group vaccinated in a 1:160 dilution two pigs became ill with obvious CSF symptoms. One pig died on day 7 p.v. In the control group, i.e. two non-vaccinated pigs, there was an acute form of CSF and they died seven days after the infection. Calculation of the Protective Dose 50 (PD50) of Lavir-K® was done using the equation by Spearman-Kaerber and it was calculated to be 184. Having in mind that one vaccine doses should have protective value of > 100, it may be concluded that tested vaccine fulfils the requirements for vaccine potency as laid down in the European Pharmacopoeia and the OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals.

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Efficacy of florfenicol and intravenous fluid therapy for treatment of experimental salmonellosis in newborn calves

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s0102-09352010000300001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 499-503

Author(s):

D.G. Silva ◽

P.R.L. Silva ◽

J.J. Fagliari

Keyword(s):

Experimental Infection ◽

Fluid Therapy ◽

Therapy Group ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Intravenous Fluid ◽

Control Group ◽

Electrolyte Balance ◽

Blood Concentrations ◽

Intravenous Fluid Therapy ◽

Salmonella Dublin

The efficacy of florfenicol associated or not to intravenous fluid therapy for treatment of Salmonella Dublin-infected calves was determined. Twenty-four healthy 10 to 15-day-old Holstein calves were randomly allotted into four groups, with six animals each: control (group 1); infected with 10(8)CFU Salmonella Dublin and not treated (group 2); infected with 10(8)CFU Salmonella Dublin and treated with florfenicol (group 3); and infected with 10(8)CFU Salmonella Dublin and treated with florfenicol associated to fluid therapy (group 4). All animals were submitted to physical examination just before inoculation and every 24 hours, during seven days after experimental infection. Rectal swabs and blood samples were collected for Salmonella Dublin isolation and pH and blood electrolytes determination. The experimental infection with Salmonella Dublin induced clinical signs of salmonellosis, such as diarrhea and fever, and caused reduction in blood concentrations of pH, sodium, potassium and chlorides. The treated calves showed good clinical recovery, and the group treated with antibiotic in combination to fluid therapy presented a faster and more efficient correction of the hydro-electrolyte balance.

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