scholarly journals The Prophylactic Use of Bovine Colostrum in a Murine Model of TNBS-Induced Colitis

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Menchetti ◽  
Giulio Curone ◽  
Iulia Elena Filipescu ◽  
Olimpia Barbato ◽  
Leonardo Leonardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Prophylactic Use

This study investigated the effects of a short-term administration of bovine colostrum (BC) in a TNBS model of induced colitis. Colitis was induced by TNBS treatment after seven days of BC (BC group, n = 12) or saline (control group, n = 12) administration in mice. Clinical signs, histopathological characteristics, expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and microbial composition were assessed. BC was well tolerated and did not induce any histological damage or clinical symptoms. After TNBS treatment, the BC group showed a reduction in body weight (BW) loss compared to Control (p < 0.05). Moreover, expression levels of TLR4 (p < 0.01), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β; p < 0.001), Interleukin-8 (IL-8; p < 0.001), and Interleukin-10 (IL-10; p < 0.001) were lower in mice administered with BC. Finally, Escherichia coli were higher (p < 0.05), while Enterococci (p < 0.001), Lactobacillus spp. (p < 0.001), and Bifidobacterium spp. (p < 0.05) were lower in Control than BC group. This study confirms that pre-treatment with BC modulates the expression of genes and the count of microbes involved in the etiopathogenesis of colitis.

scholarly journals Effect of inorganic and organic zinc supplementation on coccidial infections in goat kids

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Strnadová ◽  
Vlasta Svobodová ◽  
Leoš Pavlata ◽  
Ľubica Mišurová ◽  
Rudolf Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Organic Zinc ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of zinc-enriched diet fed to goats and their kids on the number of Coccidia oocysts shed by kids, on clinical signs of coccidiosis, weight gains, and kids’ blood plasma concentration of zinc. A total of 22 goat kids were divided into 4 groups of 5 or 6 animals. Goats and kids from the control group did not receive any additional zinc, the second group was supplemented with inorganic zinc (zinc oxide), the third group was given zinc lactate, and the fourth group received chelated zinc. Samples of kids’ faeces were taken weekly from 3 to 9 weeks of their age (a total of 7 samples were taken). Samples of faeces were examined by a quantitative method to detect the number of oocysts. Kids were weighed weekly and their blood was taken in order to determine zinc concentrations in blood plasma. Animals from the group supplemented with zinc chelate and zinc lactate shed a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower number of oocysts (13.4% and 11.9%, respectively) compared to the number of oocyst shed by control and zinc oxide supplemented groups (25% and 49.7%, respectively). Shedding of oocysts was not accompanied by clinical symptoms of coccidiosis in any of the groups. Kids supplemented with zinc chelate showed significantly highest weight gains and blood plasma concentration of zinc (p ≤ 0.05) as compared to control and inorganic zinc supplemented groups. Organic zinc is to be recommended to be used as a prophylaxis against coccidiosis in goat kids.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Resveratrol Improves Systemic Inflammation Responses in LPS-Injected Lambs

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Liang ◽  
Jianwei Zhou ◽  
Kaixi Ji ◽  
Hu Liu ◽  
Allan Degen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Inflammatory Genes ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Daily Gain

Highly intensive livestock production often causes immune stress to animals, which makes them more susceptible to infections. The aim of this study was to examine whether resveratrol (Res) alleviates inflammation in lambs. In Experiment 1, 16 male lambs were injected with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) at an initial dose of 0.25, 1.25, and 2.5 μg/kg body weight (BW) for 9 days. Average daily gain and blood parameters were measured and clinical symptoms were recorded. In Experiment 2, 20 male lambs were injected intravenously with LPS (0 mg/kg) + Res (0 mg), LPS (2.5 μg /kg) + Res (0 mg, 82.5 mg, 165 mg, 330 mg), 4 h after LPS injection. Jugular blood was collected from each lamb to determine white blood cell (WBC) counts and the expression of inflammatory genes. In Experiment 1, all LPS-treated lambs showed clinical signs of sickness including rhinorrhea, lethargy, and shivering, and systemic inflammatory responses of increased inflammatory genes levels and cortisol concentration. The lambs had increased respiratory and heart rates and rectal temperature and decreased average daily gain and feed intake. In Experiment 2, resveratrol significantly reduced WBCs and the expression levels of several genes associated with inflammation response (TLR4, NF-κB, c-jun) and inhibited the signaling cascades of NF-κB and MAPKs by down-regulating the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ) induced by LPS. Resveratrol attenuated the LPS-evoked inflammatory responses in lambs by suppressing expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, and blocking NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.

ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSING CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME NEED TO BE REVISED IN HYPOTHYROID PATIENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750014
Author(s):  
Mahdieh Asadi ◽  
Sharareh Roshanzamir
Keyword(s):  
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients

Background: Previous studies do not agree with each other on the association between electrodiagnostic findings and clinical symptoms of Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). In most of these studies, many variables such as age, sex, obesity and hypothyroidism have not been taken into account. Material & methods: About 62 patients with hypothyroidism and 62 patients without hypothyroidism with sign and symptoms of CTS were included in this study. Electrodiagnostic tests were done for all patients. And relationship of the severity of CTS signs and symptoms with electrodiagnostic parameters was examined statistically in each group. Results: This study showed that distal motor latency in control group (without hypothyroidism) is significantly more prolonged than hypothyroid patients. Also there was significant correlation between clinical symptoms and electrodiagnostic findings in control group, but there was not such correlation in hypothyroid patients. In 62% of hypothyroid patients with clinical signs and symptoms of CTS, electrodiagnostic findings were normal and only in 38% of cases, electrodiagnostic findings were suggestive of CTS. Conclusion: Relationship of the severity of CTS signs and symptoms with electrodiagnostic parameters is very weak in hypothyroid patients. Many hypothyroid patients with clinical signs and symptoms of CTS have normal electrodiagnostic findings; so we need more studies for revising the para-clinic criteria of labeling patients having CTS in hypothyroid patients.

scholarly journals Propranolol significantly reduced DNA polymerase β expression in patients with essential tremor

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
Nefise Kandemir ◽  
Sercan Kenanoglu ◽  
Murat Gultekin ◽  
Nuriye Gokce ◽  
Hilal Akalin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Propranolol Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Background Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder. Propranolol is a first-line medication for ET. We aimed to evaluate the effect of propranolol on the expression of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and DNA polymerase beta (POLB) genes, which are known to be related to neurodegenerative diseases, in patients with ET. MethodsThirty-five healthy volunteers and thirty-five patients followed up with essential tremors were included in a non-randomized control experimental study. Expressions of PARP1 and POLB genes were compared between the control group and the patient group. In addition, pre- and post-treatment gene expression levels and Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor scale values of the patient group were compared after 8 weeks of propranolol treatment. The Wilcoxon rank and Mann Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. ResultsAt baseline, PARP1 expression was significantly lower in the ET group than in the control group. (p<0.001). POLB gene expression was significantly higher in the pre-treatment ET group than in the controls (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in PARP1 expression levels before and after 8 weeks of propranolol treatment. POLB gene expression was significantly higher in the pre-treatment group than in the post-treatment group (p<0.001). ConclusionPropranolol significantly decreased POLB gene expression but there was no significant difference in PARP1 gene expression levels in the patient group, after 8 weeks of propranolol treatment.

scholarly journals Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation improve clinical symptoms in patients with covid-19: A randomized clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Sedighiyan ◽  
Hamed Abdollahi ◽  
Elmira Karimi ◽  
Mostafa Badeli ◽  
Reza Erfanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Body Pain

Objective: We hypothesized that omega-3 fatty acids would be an appropriate adjunct therapy for alleviating the inflammatory response and clinical manifestation in hospitalized patients with covid-19 disease. Methods: This was a single-blind randomized controlled trial in Amir-Alam hospital in Tehran. Thirty adult men and women diagnosed with covid-19 were allocated to either control group (receiving Hydroxychloroquine) or intervention group (receiving Hydroxychloroquine plus 2 grams of DHA+EPA) for 2 weeks. Primary outcome of the intervention including CRP, ESR as well as clinical symptoms including body pain, fatigue, appetite and olfactory and secondary outcomes including liver enzymes were determined at the baseline and after omega-3 supplementation. Clinical signs were measured using self-reported questionnaires. There were commercial kits for determination of CRP and liver enzymes concentrations in the serum of patients. For determination of ESR automated hematology analyzer was applied. Results: In comparison to control group, patients receiving omega-3 indicated favorable changes in all clinical symptoms except for olfactory ((p<0.001 for body pain and fatigue, p= 0.03 for appetite and p=0.21 for olfactory). Reducing effects of omega-3 supplementation compared to control group were also observed in the levels of ESR and CRP after treatment (p<0.001 for CRP and p=0.02 for ESR). However, no between group differences in the liver enzymes serum concentrations were observed after supplementation (p>0.05). Conclusion: Current observations are very promising and indicate that supplementation with moderate dosages of omega-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in the management of inflammation-mediated clinical symptoms in covid-19 patients. Key words: Covid-19, omega-3, inflammation, clinical symptoms

scholarly journals Dietary Synbiotic Supplementation Protects Barrier Integrity of Hepatocytes and Liver Sinusoidal Endothelium in a Mouse Model of Chronic-Binge Ethanol Exposure

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingchun Han ◽  
Bryan Glueck ◽  
David Shapiro ◽  
Aaron Miller ◽  
Sanjoy Roychowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Endothelial Barrier ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Synbiotic Supplementation ◽  
Binge Ethanol

Alcohol overconsumption disrupts the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier, which decreases the production of beneficial microbial metabolic byproducts and allows for translocation of pathogenic bacterial-derived byproducts into the portal-hepatic circulation. As ethanol is known to damage liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC), here we evaluated dietary supplementation with a previously studied synbiotic on gut microbial composition, and hepatocyte and LSEC integrity in mice exposed to ethanol. We tested a chronic-binge ethanol feeding mouse model in which C57BL/6 female mice were fed ethanol (5% vol/vol) for 10 days and provided a single ethanol gavage (5 g/kg body weight) on day 11, 6 h before euthanasia. An ethanol-treatment group also received oral supplementation daily with a synbiotic; and an ethanol-control group received saline. Control mice were pair-fed and isocalorically substituted maltose dextran for ethanol over the entire exposure period; they received a saline gavage daily. Ethanol exposure decreased gut microbial abundance and diversity. This was linked with diminished expression of adherens junction proteins in hepatocytes and dysregulated expression of receptors for advanced glycation end-products; and this coincided with reduced expression of endothelial barrier proteins. Synbiotic supplementation mitigated these effects. These results demonstrate synbiotic supplementation, as a means to modulate ethanol-induced gut dysbiosis, is effective in attenuating injury to hepatocyte and liver endothelial barrier integrity, highlighting a link between the gut microbiome and early stages of acute liver injury in ethanol-exposed mice.

scholarly journals Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Activity Regulates Brain Expression of P-Glycoprotein in the Kainic Acid-Induced Seizure Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nian Yu ◽  
Qing Di ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Yong Hu ◽  
Ying Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kainic Acid ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate ◽  
Seizure Susceptibility ◽  
Seizure Onset ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Brain Expression ◽  
Pre Treatment

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of NF-κB activity on the seizure susceptibility, brain damage, and P-gp expression in kainic acid- (KA-) induced seizure rats. Male SD rats were divided into saline control group (NS group), KA induced epilepsy group (EP group), and epilepsy group intervened with NF-κB inhibitor-pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate salt (PDTC group) or with dexamethasone (DEX group). No seizures were observed in the rats of NS group. Compared with NS group, increased P-gp expression and NF-κB activation in the rat brain of the EP group were observed after KA micro-injection. Both PDTC and DEX pre-treatment significantly increased the latency to grade III or V seizure onset compared to EP group but failed to show neuron-protective effect as the number of survival neurons didn't significantly differ from that in EP group. Furthermore, PDTC pre-treatment significantly decreased P-gp expression along with NF-κB activation in the hippocampus CA3 area and amygdala complex of rats compared with the EP group, implying that NF-κB activation involved in the seizure susceptibility and seizure induced brain P-gp over-expression. Additionally, DEX pre-treatment only decreased P-gp expression level without inhibition of NF-κB activation, suggesting NF-κB independent pathway may also participate in regulating seizure induced P-gp over-expression.

scholarly journals Investigations of influence of colostral antibodies on development of pathomorphological changes following experimental infection of piglets with classical swine plague virus

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 323-335
Author(s):  
Jasna Prodanov ◽  
Radoslav Dosen ◽  
Miroslav Valcic ◽  
Vladimir Polacek ◽  
Tamas Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Haemorrhagic Diathesis ◽  
Virus Antigens

The pathomorphological changes established following infection with the virus of classical swine plague in non-immune individuals are well known. However, piglets present a problem from the clinical-pathological aspect, in which this virus can be multiplied in spite of established colostral antibodies, but without the exhibiting of the clinical symptoms characteristic for the disease. The question of the characteristics of the pathomorphological finding is raised in the event of the breakdown of the colostral immunity of the piglets. With the objective of determining the influence of colostral antibodies on the development of pathomorphological changes in classical swine plague, piglets aged 28, 35, 44, and 54 days, originating from sows that had received a vaccine of the K-strain of the classical swine plague virus, were experimentally infected with a virulent variety of this virus (Becker strain). The control group comprised non-vaccinated animals originating from non-vaccinated sows. Following the death and/or sacrificing of the piglets in the experiment, a pathomorphological examination was performed of all organic systems and the presence of classical swine plague virus antigens was established in organs and tissues of piglets using the immunoenzyme (ELISA) test. Even though clinical signs characteristic for this disease were not found in all animals following artificial infection, the pathomorphological findings following death and/or sacrificing indicated a successful experimental infection and was typical for the acute course of classical swine plague. Bleeding was established in most organs and serous membranes (haemorrhagic diathesis). However, certain variations were also established regarding the expression and distribution of the pathomorphological changes in certain animals.

scholarly journals The morphological changes in bitches endometrium affected by Cystic Endometrail Hyperplasia - Pyometra complex – the value of histopathological examination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Woźna-Wysocka ◽  
Marta Rybska ◽  
Beata Błaszak ◽  
Bartłomiej Maria Jaśkowski ◽  
Magdalena Kulus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Uterine Diseases

Abstract Background: The cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex (CEH-P) is one of the most common uteropathies in bitches. In diseases with mild or obscure clinical signs and normal uterine size, a diagnosis based on a clinical assessment might be incorrect. The main aim of the research was to determine the morphological variables accompanying uterine diseases in bitches in microscopic evaluation. Consequently, the obtained results can be used to create a new classification system for uterine pathological changes during the development of the CEH-P, diagnosed by microscopic examination in bitches. Material for the study consisted of the uteri of 120 female dogs, aged 1-16 years, obtained during routine ovariohysterectomies. Macroscopic observation after a longitudinal incision of the uterine horns, allowed a preliminary classification of the uteri into research groups: control group (physiological uteri), and groups GI-III uteri collected form bitches with varying degrees of endometrial pathology. These preliminary classifications were then verified by histological analysis (H&E stain).Results: The obtained results made it possible to determine and describe the prevalence (%) of pathological changes characteristic of the analyzed uterine diseases in the examined bitches. Histopathological analyses that were conducted have confirmed preliminary macroscopic evaluation for the control group, group GII (CEH), and group GIII (pyometra). In the uteri of the GI group, a severe congestion of endometrium has been observed – this is typical of inflammation – which was not confirmed during histopathological examinations. However, these examinations revealed acute endometrial haemorrhage of varying severity.Conclusions: Early reproduction disorders in bitches are, in general, not confirmed by clinical signs in the examined animals. The results show that during classification of typical morphological changes in endometrium over the development of the CEH-P complex in bitches microscopic examinations are required. The obtained results indicate a frequent lack of consistency in the macroscopic assessment and histological analysis of the endometrium, observed in the analyzed uterine diseases, which in most cases is not followed by clinical symptoms. The presented classification of uterine diseases may be useful as a diagnostic tool in reproductive disorders in bitches and in examination in the field of basic research.

scholarly journals Interferon gamma, interleukin 8 and interleukin 10 in serum of patients with the cervical infection and symptoms of the imminent preterm delivery

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 623-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Bogavac ◽  
Snezana Brkic ◽  
Dejan Celic ◽  
Natasa Simin ◽  
Jovan Matijasevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cervical Infection ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction. Preterm delivery (PTD), defined as a delivery between 24th and 37th completed week, increases the risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality. There is a growing body of evidence that the intrauterine infection as well as cervicovaginal bacterial infections and Chlamydia infections are possible causes of preterm delivery. Host response to cervicovaginal and/or intrauterine infections is coupled with a release of various inflammatory mediators, many of which are cytokines. Objective. The aim of the study was to find out if cervical infection influenced the serum levels of interferon-? (IFN-?), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in patients with the clinical symptoms of the imminent preterm delivery. Methods. A total of 128 pregnant women (from 24 to 30 weeks of gestation) with the clinical symptoms of the imminent preterm delivery were divided in: study group - 85 patients with the cervical infection, and control group - 43 patients without the cervical infection. The level of cytokines in the serum was measured with commercial ELISA tests. Results. No significant difference could be found in serum levels of IFN-? (p=0.632), IL-8 (p=0.712) and IL-10 (p=0.676) between these two investigated groups. Conclusion. The results of our study suggest that there is no significant difference in serum IFN-?, IL-8 and IL-10 concentrations between pregnant women with the symptoms of the imminent preterm delivery who had and had no cervical infection.

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