Most important types of cattle behavior

Behavior of cattle is a simple and easily established indicator of their health condition, production characteristics and welfare, showing whether and how the animal has adapted to the maintenance conditions. Essentially, all forms of cattle behavior are accompanied by certain physiological changes in the organism, and the basic moving forces of behavior are congenital. The moving forces of behavior of cattle are narrowed down to a certain number of biological needs (the need for food, water, sexual and other biological needs) and congenital urges and instincts, such as the combative and maternal instincts. Cattle are grazing animals and they cannot exhibit all their congenital natural activities of behavior under intensive maintenance conditions. Different internal and external stimuli influence the types of behavior of cattle, changing the motivational activities of their organism. In the course of domestication, certain forms of behavior of cattle have sustained changes, some have adapted to the new conditions, and new ones have appeared as well. The social, reproductive, maternal, and feeding behavior of cattle in closed maintenance conditions has not changed fundamentally, but the model of its manifesting has changed. Furthermore, certain disorders in the behavior of cattle also appear as a consequence of the maintenance conditions, and they can also be of hereditary character. In order to promote welfare, cattle should be enabled to exhibit their natural behavior, but they should also be provided with an environment that has natural characteristics.

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Repercussions of hospitalization due to fall of the elderly: health care and prevention

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0069 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 71 (suppl 2) ◽

pp. 763-769 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Adriana Remião Luzardo ◽

Newton Ferreira de Paula Júnior ◽

Marcelo Medeiros ◽

Paula Carolina Bejo Wolkers ◽

Silvia Maria Azevedo dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Public Hospital ◽

The Elderly ◽

Health Condition ◽

Exploratory Research ◽

Financial Cost ◽

Thematic Content Analysis ◽

The Social ◽

Elderly Health ◽

Elderly Caregivers ◽

Depth Interviews

ABSTRACT Objective: To know the repercussions of the fall reported by the elderly and their caregiver during hospitalization in a public hospital in Florianópolis city from October to December 2014. Method: Exploratory research with a qualitative approach, conducted by depth interviews with 16 participants, the eight elderly were hospitalized for falls and eight elderly caregivers. Data analysis were performed through the Thematic Content Analysis. Results: It was evidenced the thematic axis: Faller Elderly supported by four thematic categories: Changes caused by Falls, I am a faller, I take care of me and Prevention of the Fall. The repercussions of the fall were evidenced in the impairment of the health condition, self-care and functional capacity. We observed the naturalization of the phenomenon and the passivity with the harmful consequences of the event. Final Considerations: The fall is valued the more negative its repercussion, such as the need for hospitalization and surgery. Managing the vulnerability of the elderly, especially in primary care, evaluating their comorbidities and their internal and external environment, will minimize unfavorable consequences and the social and financial cost of hospitalizations.

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Antiphonal exchanges in African elephants (Loxodonta africana): collective response to a shared stimulus, social facilitation, or true communicative event?

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/156853908783402885 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 145 (3) ◽

pp. 297-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Anne Savage ◽

Joseph Soltis ◽

Katherine Leighty ◽

Kirsten Leong

Keyword(s):

Social Facilitation ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Individual Identification ◽

Vocal Response ◽

African Elephants ◽

Facilitation Effect ◽

The Social ◽

Independent Effects ◽

The Individual ◽

External Stimuli

AbstractFemale African elephants are thought to exchange 'rumble' vocalizations, but such temporally associated calls may not constitute communicative events. Affiliated females are more likely to engage in antiphonal calling, but affiliation is defined according to time spent in proximity. Affiliated partners may vocalize in sequence simply because their proximity causes them to collectively respond to shared external stimuli or due to a social facilitation effect. We used bi-variate and partial correlation analyses to test for the independent effects of the strength of the social relationship and distance between vocal partners on the likelihood of a vocal response. Female African elephants at Disney's Animal Kingdom were video-taped and outfitted with audio-recording collars that allowed for the individual identification of low-frequency rumbles. Affiliation had a strong influence on response likelihood, even after controlling for the effects of the distance between vocalizing partners. Further, the distance between vocalizing partners did not correlate with response likelihood, and factoring out the effects of affiliation did not significantly alter this result. These results suggest that rumble exchanges are communicative events that reflect social bonds, not simply artifacts of increased proximity and, therefore, provide support for functional hypotheses concerning rumble exchanges in wild African elephants.

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Anthropologische Voraussetzungen einer Theorie der Sozialisation / Anthropological Foundations of a Theory of Socialization

Zeitschrift für Soziologie ◽

10.1515/zfsoz-1973-0203 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dieter Claessens

Keyword(s):

Social Relationships ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Personality Development ◽

Socialization Theory ◽

Selective Pressures ◽

The Social ◽

Historical Fact ◽

To Come ◽

The Individual ◽

External Stimuli

AbstractAnthropology today consists of statements about the evolution of the mammals resulting in man; it could provide the counterpoint to mans plasticity (GEHLEN) and implies the assumption that man is not capable of unlimited educational moulding.The subsistence of life in general requires a complementary and affine environment. With the evolution of (bi- parental) care of young, the development of „existing“ - that is, biologically possible - dispositions and competences becomes more highly contingent; personality development in each individual depends on the timeley offer of appropriate external stimuli for the inner mechanisms.COUNT’s concept of the biogram points the correspondence between the constitution of an organism (as a product of its evolution) and its behavior. However, his emphasis on the continuity of evolutionary prerequisites of human culture with the tendencies of mammal and primate evolution fails to grasp the particular complexity of the human biogram. The realization of man’s social, sexual and linguistic competence entangles him necessarily in cultural and social networks, thus the extent to which such competences exist even as possibilities depends on the opportunities for such participation. Precondition for their realization is the isolation from selective pressures through the group (H. MILLER). This relieves the individual from specialization towards the environment and at the same time requires that he specializes in aiding the survival of the group as such. The (social and sexual) tendencies which lead to building a group are thereafter modified by the genesis of principally new social relationships and new real needs. Constitutive for the specifically human development is „work“, which may be defined as the consequence of intending or wanting something which one cannot do alone. Language is a necessary product and prerequisite of planned (not merely ad hoc) work. This may be seen as the threshold which defines the evolving species as „man“.If human nature is then the necessity incessantly to come to terms with the consequences of realizing competence, it has in historical fact developed as inequality of adaptive pressure within the society and towards the environment. It is thus not possible to speak of a general human social, sexual or linguistics competence, as the lack of developmental opportunity deforms or destroys the competence. The anthropological concept of competence must therefore be historically specified. Socialization theory must begin by analyzing the (social) sources of impediments to the development and the realization of competence before it can describe abstractly the conditions for the chance of realization.

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Zinc Finger Transcription Factor Zbtb16 Coordinates the Response to Energy Deficit in the Mouse Hypothalamus

Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnins.2020.592947 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Helia Cheng ◽

Schuyler J. Pablico ◽

Jisu Lee ◽

Ji Suk Chang ◽

Sangho Yu

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Food Intake ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Feeding Behavior ◽

Zinc Finger ◽

Energy Deficit ◽

Releasing Hormone ◽

Neuronal Markers ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase 1 ◽

External Stimuli

The central nervous system controls feeding behavior and energy expenditure in response to various internal and external stimuli to maintain energy balance. Here we report that the newly identified transcription factor zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16 (Zbtb16) is induced by energy deficit in the paraventricular (PVH) and arcuate (ARC) nuclei of the hypothalamus via glucocorticoid (GC) signaling. In the PVH, Zbtb16 is expressed in the anterior half of the PVH and co-expressed with many neuronal markers such as corticotropin-releasing hormone (Crh), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (Trh), oxytocin (Oxt), arginine vasopressin (Avp), and nitric oxide synthase 1 (Nos1). Knockdown (KD) of Zbtb16 in the PVH results in attenuated cold-induced thermogenesis and improved glucose tolerance without affecting food intake. In the meantime, Zbtb16 is predominantly expressed in agouti-related neuropeptide/neuropeptide Y (Agrp/Npy) neurons in the ARC and its KD in the ARC leads to reduced food intake. We further reveal that chemogenetic stimulation of PVH Zbtb16 neurons increases energy expenditure while that of ARC Zbtb16 neurons increases food intake. Taken together, we conclude that Zbtb16 is an important mediator that coordinates responses to energy deficit downstream of GCs by contributing to glycemic control through the PVH and feeding behavior regulation through the ARC, and additionally reveal its function in controlling energy expenditure during cold-evoked thermogenesis via the PVH. As a result, we hypothesize that Zbtb16 may be involved in promoting weight regain after weight loss.

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Chemical Compounds from Femoral Gland Secretions of Male Iberian Rock Lizards, Lacerta monticola cyreni

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2005-7-820 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 60 (7-8) ◽

pp. 632-636 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Pilar López ◽

José Martín

Keyword(s):

Carboxylic Acids ◽

Mass Spectra ◽

Scent Marking ◽

Health Condition ◽

Lizard Species ◽

Lipophilic Compounds ◽

Esters Of Carboxylic Acids ◽

The Social ◽

High Interindividual Variability ◽

Femoral Gland Secretions

In spite of the importance of chemoreception and chemical signals in the social organization of lizards, there are only a few studies examining the chemical composition of secretions of lizards used for scent marking. The secretion of the femoral glands of male Iberian rock lizards (Lacerta monticola cyreni) contains 44 lipophilic compounds, including several steroids (mainly cholesterol), and n-C6 to n-C22 carboxylic acids, and minor components such as esters of carboxylic acids, alcohols, squalene, and one lactone. These compounds were identified on the basis of mass spectra, obtained by GC-MS. Most lipids were detected in all individuals, although relative proportions of each chemical show a high interindividual variability. This variability might be related to the characteristics or physical and health condition of males and might be the basis of female choice based on chemical cues observed in this lizard species.

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Impacto da doença renal crônica em adolescentes em tratamento hemodialítico

Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line ◽

10.5205/1981-8963.2019.240286 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Leticia Werner Rêgo ◽

Gisele Martins ◽

Cristiane Feitosa Salviano

Keyword(s):

Social Networking ◽

Research Method ◽

Social Impact ◽

Renal Dialysis ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Physiological Changes ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Hospital Unit ◽

The Social ◽

Qualitative Descriptive

Objetivo: compreender o impacto social da doença renal crônica em adolescentes submetidos à hemodiálise. Método: trata-se de estudo qualitativo, descritivo, com adolescentes dos 12 aos 18 anos, que realizavam hemodiálise na unidade hospitalar de Terapia Renal Substitutiva, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Analisaram-se os dados segundo o método de pesquisa de narrativas e figura. Resultados: identificaram-se três categorias temáticas: Modificações causadas pela hemodiálise que interferem na rotina; Sentimentos do adolescente associados à doença e à hemodiálise; Sentimentos da família associados à doença e à hemodiálise na perspectiva do adolescente. Conclusão: concluiu-se que o adolescente passa por modificações importantes em seu cotidiano, tanto pelas restrições necessárias para o controle da doença quanto pelas alterações fisiológicas. Revela-se, além disso, que sentimentos como tristeza e medo também permeiam o atendimento a este paciente. Descritores: Insuficiência Renal Crônica; Diálise Renal; Rede social; Adolescente; Família.Abstract Objective: to understand the social impact of chronic kidney disease in adolescents undergoing hemodialysis. Method: this is a qualitative, descriptive study with adolescents from 12 to 18 years old, who underwent hemodialysis in the hospital unit of Renal Replacement Therapy, through semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed according to the narrative and figure research method. Results: three thematic categories were identified: Modifications caused by hemodialysis that interfere in the routine; Adolescent feelings associated with the disease and hemodialysis; Family feelings associated with the disease and hemodialysis from the adolescent's perspective. Conclusion: it was concluded that the adolescent undergoes important changes in their daily life, both due to the restrictions necessary to control the disease and physiological changes. Moreover, feelings such as sadness and fear also permeate the care of this patient. Descriptors: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Renal Dialysis; Social Networking; Adolescent; Family. Resumen Objetivo: comprender el impacto social de la enfermedad renal crónica en adolescentes sometidos a hemodiálisis. Método: se trata de un estudio cualitativo y descriptivo con adolescentes de 12 a 18 años que se sometieron a hemodiálisis en la unidad hospitalaria de Terapia de Reemplazo Renal, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los datos se analizaron de acuerdo con el método de investigación de narrativas y figura. Resultados: se identificaron tres categorías temáticas: modificaciones causadas por hemodiálisis que interfieren en la rutina; Sentimientos adolescentes asociados con la enfermedad y la hemodiálisis; Sentimientos de la familia asociados con la enfermedad y la hemodiálisis desde la perspectiva del adolescente. Conclusión: se concluyó que el adolescente sufre cambios importantes en su vida diaria, tanto por las restricciones necesarias para controlar la enfermedad como por cambios fisiológicos. También se revela que sentimientos como la tristeza y el miedo también impregnan el cuidado de este paciente. Descriptores: Insuficiencia Renal Crónica; Diálisis Renal; Red Social; Adolescente; Familia.

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Changes in The Liver Transcriptome and Physiological Parameters of Japanese Black Steers During The Fattening Period

10.21203/rs.3.rs-882318/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Minji Kim ◽

Tatsunori Masaki ◽

Kentaro Ikuta ◽

Eiji Iwamoto ◽

Yoshinobu Uemoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Content ◽

Fat Metabolism ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Physiological Changes ◽

Feeding System ◽

Japanese Black Cattle ◽

Liver Transcriptome ◽

Fattening Period ◽

Production Characteristics

Abstract We investigated the physiological changes during the fattening period and production characteristics in Japanese Black steers bred and raised using the typical feeding system in Japan. Here, 21 Japanese black steers aged 12 months were used, and the experimental period was divided into early (12–14 months of age), middle (15–22 months), and late fattening phases (23–30 months). The liver transcriptome, blood metabolites, hormones, and rumen fermentation characteristics were analyzed. The blood triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations increased, and blood ketone levels decreased, with fattening phases. Blood insulin increased with fattening phases and was higher in groups with high carcass weight and marbling. Rumen fermentation characteristics showed high propionate levels and low butyrate levels in late fattening phases, likely due to increased energy intake. Genes related to glucose metabolism, such as SESN3, INSR, LEPR, and FOXO3, were down-regulated in late fattening phases. Genes related to lipid metabolism, such as FABP4, were up-regulated, whereas FADS1 and FADS2 were down-regulated. These findings suggest that the physiological changes resulted from changes in the energy content and composition of diets. Liver metabolism changed with changes in fat metabolism. Insulin was strongly associated with physiological changes and productivity in Japanese Black cattle.

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DESMISTIFICANDO O ATENDIMENTO ODONTOLÓGICO À GESTANTE: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Journal of Dentistry & Public Health ◽

10.17267/2596-3368dentistry.v5i2.272 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Reuja Diany Santos Bastos ◽

Bianca Dos Santos Silva ◽

Juliana Andrade Cardoso ◽

Jener Gonçalves Farias ◽

Gleicy Gabriela Vitória Carneiro Spinola Falcão

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Dental Care ◽

Biological Process ◽

Health Condition ◽

The Body ◽

Physiological Changes ◽

Women's Lives ◽

Health Studies ◽

The Relationship

Pregnancy is a natural biological process in women’s lives. However, in this period, physiological changes occur in the body of the pregnant woman who also reflects on oral health. Studies reinforce the relationship between the health condition of the oral cavity and the body’s overall health, as well as their implications for the fetus. Thus highlights the importance of Dentistry in health care during pregnancy. However, dental care for pregnant women requires qualification for them to be selected the safest agents. It is necessary, therefore, the formation of dentists able to provide differentiated services for pregnant women, including preventive and curative actions for to promote oral health of the mother and, consequently, the baby. This article has for objective to revise available literature of the odontological treatment during the period of the pregnancy, demystifying dental care pregnant women, in order to make possible clarifications to base the clinical behaviors in scientific evidences.

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The impact of social isolation on a selected group of older brazilians within the context of the covid-19 pandemic

MOJ Gerontology & Geriatrics ◽

10.15406/mojgg.2021.06.00274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 89-94

Author(s):

Natalia Sperli Geraldes Marin dos Santos Sasaki ◽

Marília Louvison ◽

Camila Garcel Pancote ◽

Maria de Lourdes Sperli Geraldes Santos ◽

Amena Alcântara Ferraz Cury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Isolation ◽

Social Life ◽

Social Activity ◽

Well Being ◽

The Elderly ◽

Health Condition ◽

Corona Virus ◽

The Social ◽

Data Collection Instrument ◽

The Impact

Objective: This paper is an examination of the experiences of a selected group of older Brazilians people which aims to analyse how they have been impacted by COVID-19 and, particularly, how they have been affected by protective social isolation measures. Methodology: 42 older residents of Sao Jose do Rio Preto were interviewed by phone. The applied script question was developed by International Longevity Centre the Netherlands, based at the Leyden Academy on Vitality and Aging. The data collection instrument consisted of five categories of analysis: social activities, social contacts and connectivity, well-being, vitality and health, and COVID-19 news and reports. Results: All in-person social activity ceased with the implementation of the isolation measures. Most of the interviewees pointed out to be suffering do to absence of their children, grand-children, other relatives and close friends from whom they have being apart since the beginning of the Corona virus pandemic. A large number of the interviewees recognized a worsening of their health condition and attributed it to the suspension of the physical activities and the social life that they had before isolation. Conclusion: The interviewed showed some insight about the experiences of older Brazilian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. They all revealed a strong awareness of their physical vulnerability regarding corona virus. Most accepted the need to protect themselves through isolation or any other measures. However, there are barriers that difficulty the elderly people isolation as they live with of member of the family with different ages and in poor financial situations.

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Medical Rehabilitation Carried out by the social Insurance Institution as part of Disability to work prevention

Acta Balneologica ◽

10.36740/abal202103117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 223-229

Author(s):

Piotr Winciunas ◽

Dariusz Lachman

Keyword(s):

Musculoskeletal System ◽

Social Insurance ◽

Therapeutic Process ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Health Condition ◽

Medical Rehabilitation ◽

Ability To Work ◽

Social Insurance System ◽

Social Insurance Institution ◽

The Social

The Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) has been implementing a medical rehabilitation program as part of disability prevention since 1996. The purpose of medical rehabilitation is to improve the health condition of the insured in terms of regaining or maintaining the ability to work. Medical rehabilitation is carried out in those diseases that most often cause inability to work, and thus generate the greatest costs for the social insurance system. Currently, ZUS is referring to medical rehabilitation in: diseases of the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory system diseases, psychosomatic diseases, people after treatment of breast cancer, voice organ diseases, people who, during an accident, in particular an accident at work, suffered an injury to the musculoskeletal system , diseases of the central nervous system. Its role is limited to supplementing the therapeutic process with medical measures aimed at improving the body’s efficiency, enabling the insured person or pensioner to return to employment. Hence, the subjective scope of its activities covers the insured at risk of total or partial incapacity for work and who are promising to start gainful employment as a result of its completion. The concept of incapacity for work means that a person who has lost the ability to work completely or partially due to a violation of the body’s efficiency is incapable of work and does not expect to regain the ability to work after retraining. A person who has lost the ability to perform any work is completely incapable of work. A person partially incapable of work is a person who has largely lost the ability to work in accordance with the level of their qualifications.

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