scholarly journals Actinomycosis: A multidisciplinary approach to a clinical problem

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milomir Djokic ◽  
Vesna Begovic ◽  
Slobodan Loncarevic ◽  
Rajko Vulovic ◽  
Jovan Dimitrijevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Intermittent Fever ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Thoracic Pain ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Infected Area ◽  
High Doses

Actinomycosis is caused by microorganisms of the Actinomyces species, found in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal and genital tract. Infection by Actimomyces species mainly causes chronic supurative disease of the oral cervico-facial, thoracic, and abdominal regions. Clinical manifestations have been described at every level, but the disease is relatively rarely diagnosed. The causative agent is considered to be an opportunistic pathogen associated with infection, trauma, surgical procedures, or associated with a neoplasm or foreign body. Symptoms include intermittent fever, weight loss abdominal or thoracic pain, pseudotumor and tumor masses, and local symptoms from the infected area. Pseudotumor and tumor masses are diagnosed by ultrasonography and computerized tomography. The diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of a causative agent in biopsy or surgically acquired samples. The treatment includes the administration of high doses of antibiotics (penicillin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone) for at least 6-12 months, as well as surgical tretment. Penicillin is a drug of choice. This infection is often polymicrobial, so that antibiotic therapy should include agents that act against the associated pathogens. Treatment outcome and prognosis in these three cases were excellent, despite the prolonged course of the extensive disease.

Congenital Malaria Due to Plasmodium falciparum

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-979
Author(s):  
Robert D. Hindi ◽  
Parvin H. Azimi
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Intermittent Fever ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Multiple Drug Therapy ◽  
Congenital Malaria

Malaria manifested during the first few months of life may be the result of acquisition during pregnancy, at the time of delivery, or by mosquito bite after birth. Both congenital and perinatal malaria are acquired by the transmission of parasitized maternal erythrocytes across the placenta. An infant is described whose mother was diagnosed to have malaria at six months of gestation. The infant developed intermittent fever at 5 weeks of age and presented with anemia and hepatosplenomegaly at 3 months of age at which time Plasmodium falciparum parasites were found on examination of thick smears of the infant's blood. IgG and IgM antimalarial antibodies were detected in maternal blood, but only IgG antibodies were found in the infant's blood at delivery and at the time of diagnosis. These transplacentally transmitted antibodies may afford transient protection for the infant and thus delay the onset of clinical manifestations. Due to the absence of an exoerythrocytic life cycle in congenitally acquired malaria, chloroquine is the drug of choice for treatment. Infections with chloroquine-resistant strains require multiple drug therapy.

scholarly journals Current diagnostic tools and management modalities of Nocardia keratitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Soleimani ◽  
Ahmad Masoumi ◽  
Sadegh Khodavaisy ◽  
Mostafa Heidari ◽  
Ali A. Haydar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Topical Steroid ◽  
Nocardia Asteroides ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Contact Lens Wear ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Good Visual Acuity ◽  
Lens Wear

AbstractNocardia species are an uncommon but important cause of keratitis. The purpose of this review is to discus previous published papers relation to the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and management of Nocardia keratitis. Nocardia asteroides is the most frequently reported from Nocardia keratitis. Pain, photophobia, blepharospasm and lid swelling are mainly clinical manifestations. Usual risk factors for Nocardia keratitis are trauma, surgery, corticosteroids, and contact lens wear. Several antibiotics were used for treatment of Nocardia infection but according to studies, topical amikacin is the drug of choice for Nocardia keratitis. Topical steroid should not prescribe in these patients. In conclusion, although Nocardia keratitis is rare, early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent any scar formation and preserve a good visual acuity.

scholarly journals Highly Reduced Genome of the New Species Mycobacterium uberis, the Causative Agent of Nodular Thelitis and Tuberculoid Scrotitis in Livestock and a Close Relative of the Leprosy Bacilli

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Benjak ◽  
Charlotte Avanzi ◽  
Yvonne Benito ◽  
Franck Breysse ◽  
Christophe Chartier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mycobacterial Genome ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses

ABSTRACT Nodular thelitis is a chronic enzootic infection affecting dairy cows and goats. The causative agent was recently shown to be related to the leprosy-causing bacilli Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. In this study, the genome of this pathogen was sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenomic analyses confirmed that the pathogen present in nodular thelitis and tuberculoid scrotitis is a distinct species related to the leprosy bacilli and Mycobacterium haemophilum. Because the pathogen was originally isolated from a bovine udder, it was named “Mycobacterium uberis.” The genome of “M. uberis” is only 3.12 Mb in length, which represents the smallest mycobacterial genome identified so far but which is close to that of leprosy bacilli in size. The genome contains 1,759 protein-coding genes and 1,081 pseudogenes, indicative of extensive reductive evolution and likely the reason that M. uberis cannot be grown axenically. The pseudogenization and genome reduction in M. uberis seem to have been to some extent independent from the results determined for the genomes of the leprosy bacilli. IMPORTANCE M. uberis is an emerging skin pathogen in dairy animals. Its genome underwent massive reduction and gene decay, leading to a minimal set of genes required for an obligatory intracellular lifestyle, which highly resembles the evolution of the leprosy agents M. leprae and M. lepromatosis. The genomic similarity between M. uberis and the leprosy bacilli can help in identifying key virulence factors of these closely related species or in identifying genes responsible for the distinct differences between thelitis or scrotitis and leprosy with respect to clinical manifestations. Specific DNA markers can now be developed for quick detection of this pathogen.

scholarly journals Anisakiasis Pada Ikan Laut Di Indonesia: Prevalensi, Sebaran Dan Potensi Patogenitasnya Pada Manusia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Forman Erwin Siagian ◽  
Esy Maryanti
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Nematode Worm ◽  
Global Data

Nematode worm Anisakis sp is the causative agent of anisakiasis, a zoonosis which continues to be a health problem in humans, globally. Its clinical spectum varies from mild to very severe and always connected with sea fishes, one important source of nutrition for the community that cannot be ignored. In addition, consumer’s behavior and lifestyle in processing and consuming sea fishes also have has the potency as the predisposing factor for its transmission and clinical manifestations. This review article aimed to describes recent global data on anisakiasis and its occurrence in marine fishes of Indonesian waters and the risk of transmission in the community.

Acrodermatitis-Like Syndrome in Organic Aciduria

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-537
Author(s):  
U. Blecker ◽  
Y. Vandenplas ◽  
L. De Meirleir ◽  
L. De Raeve ◽  
J. Ramet
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Methylmalonic Aciduria ◽  
Organic Aciduria ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
High Doses

Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) is an autosomal recessive in-born error of metabolism with a variation in the severity of the clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic patients to fulminating neonatal forms causing severe ketosis, acidosis, hyperammonemia, pancytopenia, coma, and death. Severe cases can be treated with high doses of vitamin B12 and a diet low in proteins. We describe an exceptional manifestation of MMA. A 14-month-old boy with a neonatal manifestation of MMA was admitted during an intercurrent infection with ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia.

Cases of Q fever detected in residents of the novosibirsk region hospitalized with suspection of infections transmitted by ticks

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
E. I. Bondarenko ◽  
E. S. Filimonova ◽  
E. I. Krasnova ◽  
E. V. Krinitsina ◽  
S. E. Tkachev
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Republic

Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever (coxiellosis), which, in addition to acute manifestations, often occurs in a latent form, is prone to chronic course and, in the absence of antibiotic therapy, has a high risk of disability or death. As a result of the presence of a wide range of clinical manifestations specific to other infectious diseases, the use of laboratory test methods (LTM) is required to make a diagnosis. The presence of Q fever anthropurgic foci in the Novosibirsk region was described in the 90s of the last century, but due attention to its laboratory diagnostics is not paid in this region. The aim of the study was to identify genetic and serological markers of the causative agent, C. burnetii, in patients of the Novosibirsk region who were admitted for treatment with fever with suspected tick-borne infections (TBIs). DNA marker of the causative agent of Q fever was detected in blood samples by real time PCR in 9 out of 325 patients. In three patients, the presence of C. burnetii DNA was confirmed by sequencing of the IS1111 and htpB gene fragments. In ELISA tests, antibodies against the causative agent of coxiellosis were detected in the blood sera of 4 patients with positive results of PCR analysis. Contact with tick was registered in 7 out of 9 patients who had C. burnetii DNA and lacked markers of other TBIs. Six people were infected in the Novosibirsk region, two suffered from tick’s bite in Altai, and one case was from the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. Thus, a complex approach using both PCR analysis and ELISA provided the identification of markers of the Q fever causative agent in patients admitted with suspected TBIs, thereby differentiating it from other infections. Contact with ticks in most cases suggests that infection with C. burnetii had a transmissible pathway.

scholarly journals COVID-19: A Thunderstorm for mankind

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Ham Nazmul Ahasan ◽  
Musavvir Samin
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
New Findings

In December 2019 an outbreak of viral pneumonia occurredinWuhan, Hubei Province of People’sRepublic of China (PRC). Later, it was found the responsible virus was SARS-CoV-2 and WHOrecognized it as a Pandemic on 11th March 2020. As of 15th July, in 213 countries, 580,038 deathshave occurred among 13,382,020 cases. Currently, many research are going on throughout theworld and they are coming up with new findings and observations every day. Based on the currentpublished literatures, this review systemically summarizes up to date information regarding structureof the causative agent, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatmentoptions of COVID-19 in the hope that it will add to the knowledge of medical professionals andformulate better plans for future. Bangladesh J Medicine July 2020; 31(2) :81-93

scholarly journals Intrathecal polymer-based interleukin-10 gene delivery for neuropathic pain

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin D. Milligan ◽  
Ryan G. Soderquist ◽  
Stephanie M. Malone ◽  
John H. Mahoney ◽  
Travis S. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
High Doses

AbstractResearch on communication between glia and neurons has increased in the past decade. The onset of neuropathic pain, a major clinical problem that is not resolved by available therapeutics, involves activation of spinal cord glia through the release of proinflammatory cytokines in acute animal models of neuropathic pain. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the spinal action of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin 1 (IL-1) is involved in maintaining persistent (2 months) allodynia induced by chronic-constriction injury (CCI). The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 can suppress proinflammatory cytokines and spinal cord glial amplification of pain. Given that IL-1 is a key mediator of neuropathic pain, developing a clinically viable means of long-term delivery of IL-10 to the spinal cord is desirable. High doses of intrathecal IL-10-gene therapy using naked plasmid DNA (free pDNA-IL-10) is effective, but the dose required limits its potential clinical utility. Here we show that intrathecal gene therapy for neuropathic pain is improved sufficiently using two, distinct synthetic polymers, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) and polyethylenimine, that substantially lower doses of pDNA-IL-10 are effective. In conclusion, synthetic polymers used as i.t. gene-delivery systems are well-tolerated and improve the long-duration efficacy of pDNA-IL-10 gene therapy.

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