scholarly journals Study on histogenesis of enterochromaffin-like carcinoid in autoimmune atrophic gastritis associated with pernicious anemia

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Macukanovic-Golubovic ◽  
Vuka Katic ◽  
Gorana Rancic ◽  
Mladen Milenovic ◽  
Goran Marjanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Pernicious Anemia ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Ecl Cells ◽  
G Cell ◽  
Ecl Cell

Background/Aim. Autoimmune atrophic fundic gastritis induces the pernicious anemia (PA), as well as the changes in both epithelium and endocrine cells of gastric mucosa. The most important complications are: achlorhydria, hypergastrinemia, gastric cancer and enterochromaffin-like ( ECL) carcinoid. The aim of this study was to examine ECL carcinoid histogenesis in A-gastritis associated with PA. Methods. During the period from 2000?2006, 65 patients with PA and 30 patients of the control group were examined. Histopathological examination was done in endoscopical biopsies of gastric mucosa fixed in 10% formaldehyde. Paraffin sections were stained with classic hematoxylin-eosin (HE); histochemical AB-PAS (pH 2.5), cytochemical argyrophilic Servier-Munger?s and immunocytochemical PAP methods for G cell identification and chromogranin A antibodies - specific marker for neuroendocrine ECL cells. Both G and ECL cells were counted per 20 fields, of surface 0.0245312 mm2 by a field. Basal gastrin serum levels were also examined by using radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. The obtained results were statisticaly calculated by using Student?s t test. Results. Marked antral G cell hyperplasia associated with corporal ECL hyperplasia was found. ECL cell hyperplasia was of simplex, linear, adenomatoid type to the pattern of intramucous ECL cell carcinoid. An average number of G cells was statistically significant in the patients with PA as compared to the control group (p < 0.05) as well as an average number of ECL cells. Conclusion. We concluded that antral G cell hyperplasia accompanied by gastrinemia induces ECL hyperplasia and ECL corporal carcinoid in A-gastritis and that their histogenesis develops trough simple, linear and adenomatoide hyperplasia. .

Global expression analysis of ECL cells in Mastomys natalensis gastric mucosa identifies alterations in the AP-1 pathway induced by gastrin-mediated transformation

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kidd ◽  
T. Hinoue ◽  
G. Eick ◽  
K. D. Lye ◽  
S. M. Mane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Cell Transformation ◽  
Mastomys Natalensis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Ecl Cells ◽  
Ecl Cell ◽  
Gene Expression Alterations

Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell hyperplasia and then irreversible neoplasia can be generated in the African rodent Mastomys natalensis using the H2 receptor blocker, loxtidine, for 8–16 wk. We used a GeneChip approach complemented by standard technologies to identify gene expression alterations in the gastric mucosa during gastrin-mediated ECL cell transformation. Gastric mucosa (mucosal scrapping) and ECL cell-enriched fractions were obtained from untreated Mastomys (controls) and from animals treated with loxtidine for 8 wk (hyperplasia). Tumor ECL cells were obtained by hand-dissection of gastric ECL cell nodules from animals treated with loxtidine for >16 wk and from a spontaneously developed ECL cell tumor. RNA was isolated, examined on rat U34A GeneChips, and comparison analysis was performed to identify altered gene expression. Alterations in gene expressions were examined further by immunohistochemistry, quantitative RT-PCR (Q-RT-PCR), sequencing and Western blot. GeneSpring analysis demonstrated alterations in few genes (<20) in hyperplastic and tumor mucosa. The histamine H1 receptor was consistently increased in proliferating mucosa. This gene change was confirmed by Q-RT-PCR. Other genes showing alterations included neural-(chromogranin A and somatostatin), cell-cycle-, and AP-1-associated genes. Immunostaining confirmed alterations in neural markers. Cluster analysis of ECL cell-enriched samples demonstrated that c- fos and junD were differently regulated. Q-RT-PCR and Western blot in prospectively collected gastric mucosal samples confirmed the differential expression of Fos and Jun. The negative regulators of AP-1, JunD, and Menin were decreased in tumor mucosa. A missense of unknown function was noted in the menin gene. Hypergastrinemia in an animal model of gastric carcinoids differentially altered the histamine type 1 receptor and gene expression and protein composition of AP-1. These results suggest that expression of this receptor and an altered composition of AP-1 with a loss of inhibition play a role in ECL cell transformation.

Multiple Gastric Carcinoids and Pernicious Anemia: Report of a Case

1986 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renzo Ranaldi ◽  
Ivano Lorenzini ◽  
Alfeo Montesi ◽  
Italo Bearzi
Keyword(s):  
Pernicious Anemia ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Hyperplastic Polyps ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Neoplastic Growth ◽  
Ecl Cells ◽  
Gastric Carcinoids ◽  
Ecl Cell

A case of pernicious anemia associated with multiple gastric carcinoids is reported. The neoplastic growth was composed of enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, and ECL cell hyperplasia was observed also in hyperplastic polyps, inside the fundic glands and in small nests lying in the lamina propria (microcarcinoidosis). The possible relation between pernicious anemia and ECL cell hyperplasia is discussed.

Withdrawn: Hepatoprotective effects of Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllales: Zygophyllaceae) hydro-alcholic extract on non-alcoholic fatty liver-induced rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Almasi ◽  
Mozafar Khazaei ◽  
Shima Chehrei ◽  
Ali Ghanbari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Non-alcoholic fatty liver induces many complications to the liver tissue and also serum related parameters. Medicinal plants are the safe therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diseases. In this regards, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllales: Zygophyllaceae) extract on non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats. In this experimental study, thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 6). Animals in experimental groups were received high fructose diet (70%) (HDF) daily alone or in combined with daily intraperitoneal injection of 500, 700 and 1,000 mg/kg extract of T. terrestris. Control group of rats was feed with standard chow. The serum levels of biomarkers of liver and serum lipid profiles were assessed, also histopathological examination of liver tissue done. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA method followed by Tukey’s post-hoc multiple comparison test and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. There were significant improvements for biomarkers of liver tissue (P < 0.05) and serum lipid profiles (P < 0.01) in the HFD-fed rats that were treated with T. terrestris extract compare to HFD-fed group. In addition, accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes was significantly reduced in the HFD-fed + extract administrated groups in comparison to HFD-fed rats (P < 0.01). T. terrestris extract has protective effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver by changing biomarkers of liver tissue, serum lipid profiles and histopathological anomalies of liver tissue, to normal range.

scholarly journals ENDOSCOPIC AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC GASTRIC CHANGES IN CHRONIC USERS OF PROTON-PUMP INHIBITORS

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia Maria Perrone CAMILO ◽  
Élia Cláudia de Souza ALMEIDA ◽  
Benito André Silveira MIRANZI ◽  
Juliano Carvalho SILVA ◽  
Rosemary Simões NOMELINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Sydney System ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Histopathologic Findings

Background Proton-pump inhibitors have been used for at least two decades. They are among the most commonly sold drugs in the world. However, some controversy remains about the indications for their use and the consequences of their prolonged use. Objectives To evaluate and compare the endoscopic and histopathologic gastric changes in chronic users of proton-pump inhibitors to changes in non-users. Methods A prospective study performed at a tertiary Public Hospital involving 105 patients undergoing upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy. Subjects included 81 proton-pump inhibitor users and 24 non-users (control group). Biopsies of the antral-type mucosa, the antral-fundic transition, and the fundus were evaluated by the Sydney System. The presence of erosion or ulceration, lymphatic follicles, reactive gastropathy, and polypoid or epithelial hyperplasia was also determined. Serum levels of gastrin were measured. Results We found two polyps, one in each group, both of which were negative for Helicobacter pylori. There were two cases of parietal cell hyperplasia in users of proton-pump inhibitors. Gastrin was elevated in 28 users of proton-pump inhibitors and in four members of the control group. We did not find statistically significant differences in the endoscopic or histopathologic findings between the two groups. Conclusions Chronic use of proton-pump inhibitors for the duration examined was not associated with significant gastric changes. An interesting finding was that the 4 chronic users of proton-pump inhibitors who had serum gastrin levels above 500 pg/mL also had positive serology for Chagas disease.

scholarly journals Effect of Agmatine on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by Type 2 Diabetes in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Samar F. Miski ◽  
Mai A. Alim A. Sattar Ahmad ◽  
Ahmed Esmat
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Aim: To determine the potential hepatoprotective effect of Agmatine (AGM) on NAFLD-induced by Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rats. Study design:  Forty male Wistar rats weighing from (200 -250 g) were distributed at random into five groups (8 rats per group): group 1 as control; group 2 as untreated-T2DM; groups 3 & 4 as T2DM cotreated with AGM (40 & 80 mg/kg/d), while group 5 T2DM cotreated with Silymarin (100 mg/kg/d). Place and duration of study: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, king Abdul-Aziz University; between October 2020 and January 2021. Methodology: A rat model of T2DM with NAFLD complication was established by feeding rats with 10% fructose in drinking water and intraperitoneally injecting them with a single low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (45mg/kg). The fasting blood glucose was detected, serum levels of hepatic biomarkers were all assessed. Moreover, histopathological examination was performed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results: STZ induced T2DM in rats causes a significant (p<0.05, n=8) rise in serum levels of FBG, ALT, AST, TB, TC, TG, and LDL in comparison with the corresponding control group. Co-treatment with AGM (40 & 80 mg/kg) and silymarin significantly alleviated hyperglycemia and amended hepatic biomarkers that was reflected on improved histopathological changes. Conclusion: The current data suggest that oral AGM co-treatment could have a hepatoprotective effect against T2DM associated with NAFLD in rats. Further investigations are recommended to elucidate molecular mechanisms accountable for the useful effects of AGM on hepatocytes.

scholarly journals Pulmonary prophylactic impact of melatonin and/or quercetin: A novel therapy for inflammatory hypoxic stress in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouf M. Al-Rasheed ◽  
Laila Fadda ◽  
Hala A. Attia ◽  
Iman A. Sharaf ◽  
Azza M. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Protein Expressions ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractThe study aims to compare, through histological and biochemical studies, the effects of quercetin, melatonin and their combination in regulation of immuno-inflammatory mediators and heat shock protein expressions in sodium nitrite induced hypoxia in rat lungs. The results revealed that NaNO2injection caused a significant decrease in Hb in rats, while serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP, VEGF and HSP70 were elevated compared to the control group. Administration of melatonin, quercetin or their combination before NaNO2injection markedly reduced these parameters. Histopathological examination of the lung tissue supported these biochemical findings. The study suggests that melatonin and/or quercetin are responsible for lung tissue protection in hypoxia by downregulation of immuno-inflammatory mediators and heat shock protein expressions. Pre-treatment of hypoxic animals with a combination of melatonin and quercetin was effective in modulating most of the studied parameters to near-normal levels.

Differentiation of the Gastric Mucosa I. Role of histamine in control of function and integrity of oxyntic mucosa: understanding gastric physiology through disruption of targeted genes

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (4) ◽  
pp. G539-G544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duan Chen ◽  
Takeshi Aihara ◽  
Chun-Mei Zhao ◽  
Rolf Håkanson ◽  
Susumu Okabe
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Histidine Decarboxylase ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Oxyntic Mucosa ◽  
Mucosal Integrity ◽  
Ecl Cells ◽  
Gastric Physiology ◽  
Ecl Cell ◽  
Insight Into

Many physiological functions of the stomach depend on an intact mucosal integrity; function reflects structure and vice versa. Histamine in the stomach is synthesized by histidine decarboxylase (HDC), stored in enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, and released in response to gastrin, acting on CCK2 receptors on the ECL cells. Mobilized ECL cell histamine stimulates histamine H2 receptors on the parietal cells, resulting in acid secretion. The parietal cells express H2, M3, and CCK2 receptors and somatostatin sst2 receptors. This review discusses the consequences of disrupting genes that are important for ECL cell histamine release and synthesis (HDC, gastrin, and CCK2 receptor genes) and genes that are important for “cross-talk” between H2 receptors and other receptors on the parietal cell (CCK2, M3, and sst2 receptors). Such analysis may provide insight into the functional significance of gastric histamine.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare) in Treating Obesity in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawal A. A. Elghazaly ◽  
Eman H. Radwan ◽  
Hala H. Zaatout ◽  
Mohamed M. Elghazaly ◽  
Nour El din Allam
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Obesity is associated with a number of serious medical complications, which are often referred to as the “insulin resistance syndrome”. The aim of the present study was performed to investigate the possible interaction between a conventional drug used for management of cholesterol and traditional herbal remedies on the obesity. This was carried through out: through estimation of blood test; Estimation of serum tests; Determination of oxidative stress biomarkers and the antioxidant enzymes activities in the liver were assayed; Histopathological examination of the liver and kidney of adult male albino rats were done. In the present study, the serum levels of the total protein and albumin in the obesity group (7.1± 0.2) and (4.78 ± 0.19); respectively were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) more than those of the control group (6.5±0.1) and (3.95± 0.1).The administration of (fennel group) revealed significant (P<0.05) decrease in the serum levels of the albumin and total protein (4.38± 0.1) and (6.65± 0.2); respectively as compared to the obesity group (4.78 ± 0.19) and (7.1± 0.2(. The total cholesterol of the group(5) (fennel and ator) after two weeks from a high fat diet than treatment with fennel and Ator through six weeks equal 142.86±5.9, 100.4±8.68, 93.29±5.99, 87.1±11.28, 80.4±21.55, 78.1±6.7 and 77.1±6.87; respectively. The present study showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the activities of ALT, AST and ALP in the obesity group which recorded as (60.5±11.45), (57.25±6.3) and (845.0±49.47); respectively as compared to the control group (28.25±1.7), (38.5±3.87) and (537.0±41.5); respectively. The fennel group caused significant decrease in the activities of these enzymes (41.0± 2.9), (42.25+3.2) and (717.75+48.6); respectively compared to the obesity group. Ator group showed a significant decrease in the activities of these enzymes (40.0±2.16), (42.5±3.1) and (679.25±41.16); respectively compared as obesity group. The activity of AlT, AST and ALP in the fennel and ator group (32.75±2.5), (40.5±2.38) and (601.25±17.5); respectively were near to the control group.

scholarly journals Disease-Modifying Potential of Metformin and Alendronate in an Experimental Mouse Model of Osteoarthritis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Belenska-Todorova ◽  
Sevdalina Nikolova Lambova ◽  
Stela Stoyanova ◽  
Elenka Georgieva ◽  
Tsvetelina Batsalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Control Group

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease causing progressive damages of the cartilage and subchondral bone, synovial inflammation, and severe pain. Despite the complex pathomorphological changes that occur in OA, the approach to different forms of OA is standardized. The global results from pharmacological treatment are not satisfactory. Hence, this study aimed to explore the effects of metformin, alendronate, and their combination on OA development and progression in mice with collagenase-induced osteoarthritis (CIOA). Female ICR (CD-2) mice were randomized to five groups: control group, CIOA untreated, CIOA + metformin, CIOA + alendronate, and CIOA + metformin + alendronate. OA was induced by the intra-articular (i.a.) injection of collagenase. OA phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry (bone marrow cell differentiation), ELISA (serum levels of the adipokines leptin and resistin), and histology (pathological changes of the knee joint). Treatment with metformin, alendronate, or their combination inhibited the expression of RANK and RANKL on osteoblasts and osteoclasts obtained by ex vivo cultivation of bone marrow cells in mineralization or osteoclastogenic media. In addition, metformin treatment was effective for the attenuation of fibroblast differentiation, but not of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), while alendronate had an opposite effect. The combination of metformin and alendronate had a suppressive effect on both MSCs and fibroblasts differentiation. Treatment with metformin, alendronate, and their combination decreased serum concentrations of leptin and resistin in the chronic phase of arthritis. The histopathological examination showed that compared with the untreated CIOA group (OA score 9), the groups treated with metformin (OA score 4) or alendronate (OA score 6) had lower scores for cartilage changes. Metformin combined with alendronate significantly decreased the degree of cartilage degeneration (OA score 2), suggesting that this combination might be a useful approach for the treatment of OA patients.

scholarly journals Comparison of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Value in Spondylitis Tuberculous with Degenerative Spine Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (B) ◽  
pp. 646-648
Author(s):  
Otman Siregar ◽  
Yohanes Augustinus ◽  
Benny Benny ◽  
Ahmad Jabir Rahyussalim
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Degenerative Spine ◽  
Degenerative Spine Disease ◽  
Metalloproteinase 9 ◽  
Spine Disease ◽  
Low Serum

AIM: We aimed to compare the expression of MMP-9 in TB spondylitis using serum levels in the blood of patients suffering from TB spondylitis and compared to the control group. METHODS: Fourteen subjects were divided into two groups, with seven subjects of spondylitis tuberculous (TB) and seven subjects of degenerative spine disease (DSD) in the period from December 2017 to November 2018, who were included in the inclusion criteria included in this study and blood sampling was taken for examination of serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 levels. RESULTS: There were significant differences in serum MMP-9 levels between spondylitis TB (ST) and DSDs with a significance value of 0.002 (p < 0.05) with low serum MMP-9 levels in the ST study group 1857.14 ± 377.96 and mean in the control group 857.14 ± 243.97. There were significant differences in serum MMP-9 levels between ST and DSDs with a significance value of 0.002 (p < 0.05) with low serum MMP-9 levels in the ST study group 1857.14 ± 377.96 and mean in the control group 857.14 ± 243.97. CONCLUSION: Patients suffering from ST have higher serum MMP-9 levels than patients with DSD, although MMP-9 is not a specific marker examination for ST, the results of this study can be suggestive into that can help to evaluate enzyme activity in patients with ST diseas

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