scholarly journals Relation between osteocalcin and the energy metabolism in obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Stanislava Nikolic ◽  
Nikola Curic ◽  
Branislava Ilincic ◽  
Zoran Stosic ◽  
Dragana Tomic-Naglic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Obese Subjects

Background/Aim. Numerous findings have indicated the potential relation between the osteocalcin, the traditional parameter of bone turnover and the regulation of energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between osteocalcin and calculated indexes, which evaluate insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance and/or secretory capacity of the pancreas, in non-diabetic, obese subjects. Methods. The study included 57 (11 men and 46 women) euglycemic, obese patients (the body mass index ? BMI : 41.03 ? 6.61 kg/m?) and 48 healthy individuals, age and sex matched (BMI : 23.15 ? 2.04 kg/m?). Plasma glucose and the insulin levels during the two-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were determined in order to calculate the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) indexes (HOMA-IR, HOMA-B%), EISI (estimated insulin sensitivity index), EFP (estimated first phase) and ESP (estimated second phase). Osteocalcin was measured by using the Electro-chemiluminescence (ECLIA) methodology. Results. Statistically lower osteocalcin was found in the obese subjects (24.72 ? 9.80 vs 33.31 ? 10.89 ng/mL; p < 0.01). ?here was a statistically significant positive correlation between osteocalcin and EISI (r = 0.340; p < 0.01). The inverse correlations were found between the osteocalcin and HOMA-IR (r = -0.276; p < 0.01), HOMA-B% (r = -0.337; p < 0.01), EFP (r = -0.332; p < 0.01) and ESP (r = -0.266; p < 0.01). Multiple regression showed that the BMI and osteocalcin have a significant inverse prediction with the EISI and HOMA-IR, but the level of prediction of the BMI was substantially higher. Conclusion. The effect of osteocalcin in the glycoregulation is evident, but its contribution is significantly smaller in relation to other obesity associated factors. Therefore, when assessing its position and the role in glycemic control it is always necessary to bear in mind that osteocalcin represents only one of the many contributing factors, some of which exhibit dominant influence than osteocalcin itself.

Analysis of candidate genes in Polish families with obesity

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Malczewska-Malec ◽  
Iwona Wybranska ◽  
Iwona Leszczynska-Golabek ◽  
Lukasz Partyka ◽  
Jadwiga Hartwich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

AbstractThis study analyzes the relationship between risk factors related to overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, lipid tolerance, hypertension, endothelial function and genetic polymorphisms associated with: i) appetite regulation (leptin, melanocortin-3-receptor (MCR-3), dopamine receptor 2 (D2R)); ii) adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γThe 122 members of 40 obese Caucasian families from southern Poland participated in the study. The genotypes were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) or by direct sequencing. Phenotypes related to obesity (body mass index (BMI), fat/lean body mass composition, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)), fasting lipids, glucose, leptin and insulin, as well as insulin during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (4 points within 2 hours) and during oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT) (5 points within 8 hours) were assessed. The insulin sensitivity indexes: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, whole body insulin sensitivity index, hepatic insulin sensitivity and early secretory response to an oral glucose load (HOMA-IR, ISI-COMP, ISI-HOMA and DELTA) were calculated.The single gene mutations such as CWe conclude that the polymorphisms we investigated were weakly correlated with obesity but significantly modified the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Spontaneously Self-Reported Postprandial Hypoglycemia After Bariatric Surgery

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 3600-3607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Nannipieri ◽  
Anna Belligoli ◽  
Daniela Guarino ◽  
Luca Busetto ◽  
Diego Moriconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Fasting Glycemia ◽  
Glucose Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Glucose

Context: Postprandial hypoglycemia (PPHG) is a recognized complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Data on PPHG after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) are scant. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify preoperative predictors of PPHG in subjects spontaneously self-reporting PPHG after RYGB or LSG. Patients, Setting, and Intervention: Nondiabetic patients spontaneously self-reporting symptoms/signs of PPHG (PPHG group, 21 RYGB and 11 LSG) were compared in a case-control design with subjects who never experienced spontaneous or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-induced hypoglycemia over 24 months after surgery (No-PPHG group, 13 RYGB and 40 LSG). Paired pre- and postoperative 3-hour OGTTs were analyzed in all participants. Main Outcome Measures: Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the oral glucose insulin sensitivity index and β-cell function by mathematical modeling of the C-peptide response to glucose. Results: Before surgery, the body mass index was lower in PPHG than No-PPHG patients in the RYGB (P = .002) and trended similarly in the LSG group (P = .08). Fasting glycemia and the glucose-OGTT nadir were lower in the PPHG than the No-PPHG subjects in both surgery groups. Before surgery, insulin sensitivity was higher in PPHG than No-PPHG in the RYGB (393 ± 55 vs 325 ± 44 mL/min−1 · m−2, P = .001) and LSG groups (380 ± 48 vs 339 ± 60 mL/min−1 · m−2, P = .05) and improved to a similar extent in all groups after surgery. Before surgery, β-cell glucose sensitivity was higher in PPHG than No-PPHG in both RYGB (118 ± 67 vs 65 ± 24 pmol/min−1 · m2 · mM−1) and LSG patients (114 ± 32 vs 86 ± 33) (both P = .02) and improved in all subjects after surgery. Conclusions: In subjects self-reporting PPHG after surgery, lower presurgery plasma glucose concentrations, higher insulin sensitivity, and better β-cell glucose sensitivity are significant predictors of PPHG after both RYGB and LSG.

scholarly journals PSVIII-40 Late-Breaking Abstract: Variability in body composition is associated with insulin sensitivity in growing-finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
Hector H Salgado ◽  
Aline Remus ◽  
Marie-Pierre Letourneau-Montminy ◽  
Candido Pomar
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Glucose Ingestion

Abstract Growing pigs’ body composition variation can be associated with differences in insulin sensitivity given the insulin anabolic effect on protein and lipid synthesis. The objective of this study was to elucidate this association by relating the individual insulin response to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with the body composition of growing pigs. Thirty 95 kg jugular vein catheterized pigs received an oral dose of 1.75 g of glucose/kg of BW after 18 hours of fasting. Blood samples were collected at -20, -10, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 300 and 360 min following glucose ingestion. Insulin sensitivity indexes were calculated and analyzed. Body lipids (LB, %) and protein (PB, %) composition were estimated by dual X-ray densitometry. Association between body composition and insulin sensitivity were studied by using partial least squares and correlations. Average LB and PB were 19.7% (CV = 7.6 %) and 16.2% (CV = 2.2%), respectively. Basal insulin blood concentration and area-under-the-curve (AUC) CV (51.9 % and 26.9 %, respectively) were larger than those for basal glucose and AUC (5.52 and 5.48 %, respectively). Additionally, insulin sensitivity (%S), steady-state beta cell function (%B), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) estimated with the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA 2) and whole-body insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were highly variable between pigs which CV ranged from 30.1 % to 54.5 %. These results can indicate an early stage of insulin resistance in an important part of the studied pig population. LB and PB were affected by insulin sensitivity indexes (P &lt; 0.05) which accounted, respectively, for 48% and 44% of the observed variation. In conclusion, lower insulin sensitivity was associated with higher body fat in growing pigs raised under similar conditions.

scholarly journals Measurement of bioactive osteocalcin in humans using a novel immunoassay reveals association with glucose metabolism and β-cell function

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. E381-E391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Lacombe ◽  
Omar Al Rifai ◽  
Lorraine Loter ◽  
Thomas Moran ◽  
Anne-Frédérique Turcotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell

Osteocalcin (OCN) is a bone-derived hormone involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism. In serum, OCN exists in carboxylated and uncarboxylated forms (ucOCN), and studies in rodents suggest that ucOCN is the bioactive form of this hormone. Whether this is also the case in humans is unclear, because a reliable assay to measure ucOCN is not available. Here, we established and validated a new immunoassay (ELISA) measuring human ucOCN and used it to determine the level of bioactive OCN in two cohorts of overweight or obese subjects, with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D). The ELISA could specifically detect ucOCN concentrations ranging from 0.037 to 1.8 ng/mL. In a first cohort of overweight or obese postmenopausal women without diabetes ( n = 132), ucOCN correlated negatively with fasting glucose (r = −0.18, P = 0.042) and insulin resistance assessed by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (r = −0.18, P = 0.038) and positively with insulin sensitivity assessed by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (r = 0.18, P = 0.043) or insulin sensitivity index derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (r = 0.26, P = 0.003). In a second cohort of subjects with severe obesity ( n = 16), ucOCN was found to be lower in subjects with T2D compared with those without T2D (2.76 ± 0.38 versus 4.52 ± 0.06 ng/mL, P = 0.009) and to negatively correlate with fasting glucose (r = −0.50, P = 0.046) and glycated hemoglobin (r = −0.57, P = 0.021). Moreover, the subjects with ucOCN levels below 3 ng/mL had a reduced insulin secretion rate during a hyperglycemic clamp ( P = 0.03). In conclusion, ucOCN measured with this novel and specific assay is inversely associated with insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in humans.

Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Body Fat Composition, and Leptin Sensitivity in Non-Obese and Overweight/Obese Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-218
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Leptin Sensitivity ◽  
Fat Composition

Both insulin and leptin are major contributors for the body energy balance. Obesity is a state of energy imbalance and is also associated with changes in both insulin sensitivity and leptin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to find out the relationship between insulin sensitivity and body fat composition, and leptin sensitivity in non-obese and obese adults. A total of 86 adults participated: 42 non-obese and 44 over-weight/obese. Body fat (BF) percent was determined by skinfold method. Fasting plasma glucose was analyzed by glucose oxidase-phenol and 4 aminophenazone (GOD-PAP) method using spectro-photometer, fasting serum insulin and leptin concentrations by direct sandwich ELISA method and resting energy expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry. Leptin sensitivity index and insulin sensitivity were expressed as REE : Leptin ratio and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), respectively. It was found that median value of HOMA-IR was significantly higher [2.93 vs 1.72, p<0.01] and leptin sensitivity was significantly lower [116.76 vs 265.66, p<0.001] in the overweight/obese adults than the non-obese adults, indicating that insulin sensitivity and leptin sensitivity were markedly reduced in overweight/obese adults in compare to non-obese adults. There was a moderate degree of positive relationship between HOMA-IR and BF only in the overweight/obese (ρ=0.509, n=44, p<0.001) and all adults (ρ=0.39, n=86, p<0.001). Similarly, a weak negative relationship between leptin sensitivity index and HOMA-IR was found in the overweight/obese (ρ=-0.328, n=44, p<0.05) and all adults (ρ=-0.35, n=86, p<0.01). It can be concluded that the insulin sensitivity was adiposity dependent, but, it did not depend on leptin sensitivity.

scholarly journals Validation of Insulin Sensitivity Indices from Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Parameters in Obese Children and Adolescents

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 1096-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine W. Yeckel ◽  
Ram Weiss ◽  
James Dziura ◽  
Sara E. Taksali ◽  
Sylvie Dufour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Intramyocellular Lipid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Obese Youth ◽  
Intramyocellular Lipid Content

Abstract Given the extreme increase in prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, and the potential for metabolic syndrome in obese youth, identifying simplified indexes for assessing stimulated insulin sensitivity is critical. The purpose of this study was validation of two surrogate indexes of insulin sensitivity determined from the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): the composite whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI). An obese population (aged 8–18 yr) of normal and impaired glucose tolerance individuals was studied. One group (n = 38) performed both the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and OGTT for comparison of insulin sensitivity measurements as well as 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy estimates of intramyocellular lipid content. Another larger (n = 368) cohort participated only in an OGTT. Both the WBISI and ISI represented good estimates (r = 0.78 and 0.74; P &lt; 0.0005) for clamp-derived insulin sensitivity (glucose disposed, M-value), respectively. In the large cohort, the surrogate indexes demonstrated the shift toward poorer function and increased risk profile as a function of insulin resistance. Additionally, the WBISI and ISI correlated with intramyocellular lipid content (r = −0.74 and −0.71; P &lt; 0.0001), a tissue marker for insulin resistance. Insulin sensitivity can be estimated using plasma glucose and insulin responses derived from the OGTT in obese youth with normal and impaired glucose tolerance.

Sex-dependent nutritional programming: fish oil intake during early pregnancy in rats reduces age-dependent insulin resistance in male, but not female, offspring

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (4) ◽  
pp. R313-R320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima L. C. Sardinha ◽  
Flavia S. Fernandes ◽  
Maria G. Tavares do Carmo ◽  
Emilio Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Model Assessment

Prenatal and early postnatal nutritional status may predispose offspring to impaired glucose tolerance and changes in insulin sensitivity in adult life. The long-term consequences of changes in maternal dietary fatty acid composition were determined in rats. From day 1 until day 12 of pregnancy, rats were given isocaloric diets containing 9% nonvitamin fat based on soybean, olive, fish (FO), linseed, or palm oil. Thereafter, they were maintained on the standard diet; offspring were studied at different ages. Body weight at 4, 8, and 12 mo and lumbar adipose tissue and liver weights at 12 mo did not differ between females on the different diets, whereas in males the corresponding values were all lower in the offspring from the FO group compared with the other dietary groups. Plasma glucose concentrations (both basal and after an oral glucose load) did not change with sex or dietary group, but plasma insulin concentrations were lower in females than in males and, in males, were lowest in the FO group. Similar relations were found with both the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity index. In conclusion, the intake of more n–3 fatty acids (FO diet) during early pregnancy reduced both fat accretion and age-related decline in insulin sensitivity in male offspring but not in females. It is proposed that the lower adiposity caused by the increased n–3 fatty acids during the intrauterine life was responsible of the lower insulin resistance in male offspring.

scholarly journals Circulating obestatin levels and the ghrelin/obestatin ratio in obese women

2007 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Vicennati ◽  
Silvia Genghini ◽  
Rosaria De Iasio ◽  
Francesca Pasqui ◽  
Uberto Pagotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Glucose Levels

Objective: We measured blood levels of obestatin, total ghrelin, and the ghrelin/obestatin ratio and their relationship with anthropometric and metabolic parameters, adiponectin and insulin resistance, in overweight/obese and normal-weight women. Design: Outpatients Unit of Endocrinology of the S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital of Bologna, Italy. Methods: Fasting obestatin, ghrelin, adiponectin and lipid levels, fasting and glucose-stimulated oral glucose tolerance test insulin, and glucose levels were measured in 20 overweight/obese and 12 controls. The fasting ghrelin/obestatin ratio was calculated; the homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity index (ISIcomposite) were calculated as indices of insulin resistance. Results: Obese women had higher obestatin and lower ghrelin blood levels, and a lower ghrelin/obestatin ratio compared with controls. In all subjects, obestatin was significantly and positively correlated with total cholesterol and triglycerides, but not with ghrelin, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters. In the obese women, however, obestatin and ghrelin concentrations were positively correlated. By contrast, the ghrelin/obestatin ratio was significantly and negatively correlated with body mass index, waist, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR, and positively with ISIcomposite but not with adiponectin. None of these parameters were correlated with the ghrelin/obestatin ratio in the obese. Conclusions: Increased obestatin, decreased ghrelin levels, and a decreased ghrelin/obestatin ratio characterize obesity in women. This supports the hypothesis that the imbalance of ghrelin and obestatin may have a role in the pathophysiology of obesity. On the other hand, some relevant differences between our data on circulating levels of obestatin and the ghrelin/obestatin ratio in obese subjects and those reported in the few studies published so far imply that further research is needed.

Estimation of β-cell function from the data of the oral glucose tolerance test

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (6) ◽  
pp. E1575-E1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Sakaue ◽  
Shinji Ishimaru ◽  
Daisuke Ikeda ◽  
Yoshinori Ohtsuka ◽  
Toshiro Honda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
The Relationship

Although a hyperbolic relationship between insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity has been shown, the relationship has been often questioned. We examined the relationship using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-derived indexes. A total of 374 Japanese subjects who had never been given a diagnosis of diabetes underwent a 75-g OGTT. In subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), the ln [insulinogenic index (IGI)] was described by a linear function of ln ( x) ( x, insulin sensitivity index) in regression analysis when the reciprocal of the insulin resistance index in homeostasis model assessment, Matsuda's index, and oral glucose insulin sensitivity index were used as x. Because the 95% confidence interval of the slope of the regression line did not necessarily include −1, the relationships between IGI and x were not always hyperbolic, but power functions IGI × xα = a constant. We thought that IGI × xα was an appropriate β-cell function estimate adjusted by insulin sensitivity and referred to it as β-cell function index (BI). When Matsuda's index was employed as x, the BI values were decreased in subjects without NGT. Log BI had a better correlation with fasting plasma glucose (PG; FPG) and 2-h PG in non-NGT subjects than in NGT subjects. In subjects with any glucose tolerance, log BI was linearly correlated with 1-h PG and glucose spike (the difference between maximum PG and FPG). In conclusion, the relationship between insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity was not always hyperbolic. The BI is a useful tool in the estimation of β-cell function with a mathematical basis.

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