scholarly journals A paradigm shift in German historiography: In the state of Croatia (1941-1945) there was no genocide against the Serbs?

2012 ◽  
pp. 523-550
Author(s):  
Vladimir Umeljic
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Catholic Clergy ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
University Of Berlin ◽  
Humboldt University

At the Humboldt University of Berlin, German historian Alexander Korb defended, with the highest grade (summa cum laude), his doctoral thesis in historical studies ?In the Shadow of the World War II. Mass violence by the Ustasa against Serbs, Jews and Roma?. His radically new thesis are as follows: 1) in the State of Croatia (1941-1945) ?there was no genocide against the Serbs?; 2) clerical component (Croatian Catholic clergy and the Vatican) ?played no significant role? in the mass violence against the Serbs in the State of Croatia (1941-1945), so the forced catholicization of the Serbs was ?purely secular in character?. Korb, therefore, enters into absolute conflict with the vast majority of previous research papers and their conclusions. Korb?s theses are challenged from three aspects in this analysis: a) scientific and historical, b) linguistic and philosophical (definitionism theory) and c) political. Regarding scientific and historical aspects, Korb approached this problem one-sidedly, in a selective way, and from the very beginning drastically reduced i.e. excluded an enormous part of primary historical sources and scientific literature. He excluded all Serbian sources, including testimonies of Serbian survivors and victims, on the grounds that they were either ?Serbian nationalists? or ?Serbian communists?, then all testimonies of eye-witnesses from the opressors side - German Nazis and Italian Fascists - with justification that they are manipulated by ?Serbian nationalists? or ?Serbian communists?, as well as all primary historical sources and scientific literature which testify of the role of Croatian Roman Catholic clergy and the Vatican, on the basis that they are ?anti-clerical?. From linguistic and philosophical aspect, Korb?s argumentations clearly belong to the principle of ?usurpation of power over definitions and psychagogy? recognized by classical theory of concepts as a convenient redefinition, virtualization of reality and psychagogic establishment of the new ?real reality? in the minds of the target group through its internalization. Korb?s work is, therefore, rather relativistic linguistic and philosophical treatise clad in historical science than scientific study of history. As for the aspect of political science, it can be concluded that paradigm shift in social sciences and humanities in Germany, due to his indisputable efforts, obtained a new quality, a completely different level of arbitrary and virtual reflection of reality. Namely, these sciences are rapidly getting mutual and dominant ideological and political connotation.

scholarly journals Cancellation of Benefits for Orders and Medals of the USSR after the End of World War II: economic reasons

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-394
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Zapariy ◽  
Dmitry V. Shunyakov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
State Budget

Introduction. During the great Patriotic war (1941–1945) to encourage soldiers at the front and workers in the rear, the state established a large number of awards in addition to those available at the beginning of the war. Awarded persons by many orders and medals received a monthly material payment, differentiated depending on the significance of the award, as well as various benefits for travel, payment of taxes, etc. Only two years after the end of the war, all benefits and payments were abolished. The article attempts to consider the circumstances of cancellation of payments for state awards against the background of the difficult economic and political situation in which the USSR found itself after the war. Materials and Methods. Archival materials, published data of official statistics, as well as scientific literature were used to solve the research tasks. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study were the methods of socio-economic history. The study was conducted on the basis of the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency. The need to process quantitative data led to the use of the statistical method. Results. On the basis of the study of archival and published sources, as well as available scientific literature, the conditions, factors and main parameters of the economic situation in the Soviet Union were considered. For the first time in the postwar years, the USSR was in a difficult economic situation. This was facilitated by the following factors: huge material costs during the war, comparable to the costs of the main allies combined; drought and crop failure 1946–1947 leading to starvation and a dramatic deterioration of the standard of life; economic and financial assistance to countries “people’s democracies” of Central and Eastern Europe; the enormous costs of Armed forces and the “atomic project” in connection with the beginning of the cold war. Discussion and Conclusion. The amount of payments for orders and medals was simply huge, in 1945, amounting to 1.2 % of the total state budget of the country. Despite recognition of merits of veterans in a victory, the state in the hardest post-war economic situation was simply not able to provide material payments on awards. On the one hand, the redirection of significant financial resources, as well as a number of other measures, allowed to improve the economic situation relatively. Already in 1948, the card system was abolished and prices for many vital goods were reduced (for example, in the UK, cards were abolished only in 1954). On the other hand, the abolition of benefits undermined the prestige of state awards in the eyes of veterans.

The type specimens of Corvidae (Aves) in the Museum für Naturkunde at the Humboldt-University of Berlin, with the description of a new subspecies of Dendrocitta vagabunda

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2149 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK D. STEINHEIMER
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Central India ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
University Of Berlin ◽  
The Status ◽  
Humboldt University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
The Impact

The status of all type specimens of crows, raven, jays, magpies, treepies, and choughs (Corvidae) housed in the Museum für Naturkunde at the Humboldt-University of Berlin (ZMB) is discussed, including those specimens considered to be paralectotypes and paratypes. Each entry includes the history of the specimen, and, when necessary, its nomenclature and taxonomy. A brief overview is given of the impact of World War II on the bird collections of ZMB. Nomenclatural changes were instituted in two species groups: Lophocitta ardesiaca Bonaparte, 1850, is synonymized with Platylophus galericulatus galericulatus (Cuvier, 1816), and Platylophus galericulatus malaccensis Cabanis, 1866, becomes the valid name for the birds from the Malayan Peninsula formerly known as Platylophus galericulatus ardesiacus (Bonaparte, 1850). The holotype of Crypsirhina pallida Blyth, 1846, formerly believed lost, was located and identified as a senior synonym of Dendrocitta vagabunda vernayi and must replace the latter for birds from south-eastern and eastern Central India. This leaves the West and western Central Indian population of D. vagabunda unnamed for which a new subspecies name is proposed.

scholarly journals “On Partial Delatvization of Altgubcom”: the Personnel Policy of the Regional Party Leadership of Siberia towards the Altai Provincial Committee of the RCP(b) (March – June 1924)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 112-125
Author(s):  
T. I. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Party Leadership ◽  
Personnel Policy ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Human Resource Policy ◽  
Resource Policy

The functioning of any organization depends, in many ways, on the personnel policy. The implementation of the directives of the Russian Communist party and any changes in the political course required dedicated and efficient cadre. In scientific literature one can often come across the statement according to which the party authority successfully resisted political clans, formed at the local level, through intensive personnel replacements. This article aims to describe the human resource policy of the Siberian regional party administration towards to the Altai provincial Committee of the RCP(b) in March – June 1924. In particular, the author planned to find out whether employee transfers were actually effective, who made decisions about the replacement of the staff members and how they reacted to these replacements. Studying historical sources, that were found in the State archive of the Novosibirsk region and the State archive of the Altai territory, the author revealed the staffing structure of the Bureau of the Altai gubkom and analyzed the relationships bound the members of this organization. The research showed that the Altai gubkom secretary A. I. Podneck and the chairman of the provincial executive committee L. E. Goldich completely failed cooperation work, and this circumstance forced the Siberian krai committee of RCP(b) to start personnel replacements, which mainly meant sending away high-ranking officials-Latvians from the province. The paper concludes by arguing that in the first half of the 1920s, employee transfers were a universal means of fighting political clans. However, Siberian regional party leadership used them only as a last resort, because of the difficulties to find an appropriate successor for the dismissed official.

PLANEJAMENTO FAMILIAR COMO ASSUNTO DE MULHER!? PERFIL DE GÊNERO NA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NO BRASIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella De Paula Chiesa ◽  
Mário Antônio Sanches ◽  
Daiane Priscila Simão-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Subject

O estudo do Planejamento familiar, no contexto da bioética, abre-se para diversas perspectivas, entre elas a valorização dos seus diferentes atores. Situado neste contexto o artigo tem como objetivo identificar o perfil de gênero na produção científica sobre Planejamento Familiar no Brasil, entre 2000 e 2014, assim como a área de formação e especialização dos autores. Foram utilizadas metodologias que permitiram mapear o estado da arte do tema estudado, a partir de uma revisão da literatura. O resultado da pesquisa identifica que a produção científica sobre Planejamento Familiar no Brasil se compõe de perfil destacadamente feminino (71,76%). Dos 73 artigos analisados, 42 (57,53%) o foco do tema está direcionado à mulher assim como evidencia-se a área de ciências da saúde com maior concentração das publicações do tema.  Este aspecto da pesquisa abre para uma realidade complexa onde se buscam criticamente as razões para a pesquisa em Planejamento Familiar ter ênfase na mulher e ser um tema de relevância nas ciências da saúde.Palavras-chave: Produção científica, Planejamento Familiar, Gênero.  ABSTRACT: The study of Family Planning, in the context of bioethics, opens to diverse perspectives, among them the appreciation of their different agents. Situated in this context the article aims to identify the profile of gender in scientific literature on Family Planning in Brazil, between 2000 and 2014, as well as the area of training and specialization of the authors. Methodologies were used which allowed to map the State of the art of the subject studied, from a review of the literature. The results found identify that the scientific production on Family Planning in Brazil is formed with a outstandingly female profile (71,76%). Of the 73 articles examined, 42 (57.53%) the focus of the topic is directed to women as well as showing the health sciences area with highest concentration of publications. This aspect of the research opens to a complex reality where we seek critically the reasons for Research in Family Planning have emphasis on woman and be a topic of relevance in health sciences.Keywords: Scientific Production, Family Planning, Gender.

The Developmental Trading State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J. Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
East Asia ◽  
National Economy ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The State ◽  
State Model ◽  
Principal Function ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
The Way

This chapter demonstrates that the downwards pressure that state consolidation placed on mass violence was amplified by the type of state that emerged. Across East Asia, governments came to define themselves as “developmental” or “trading” states whose principal purpose was to grow the national economy and thereby improve the economic wellbeing of their citizens. Governments with different ideologies came to embrace economic growth and growing the prosperity of their populations as the principal function of the state and its core source of legitimacy. Despite some significant glitches along the way the adoption of the developmental trading state model has proven successful. Not only have East Asian governments succeeded in lifting hundreds of millions of people out of poverty, the practices and policy orientations dictated by this model helped shift governments and societies away from belligerent practices towards postures that prioritized peace and stability. This reinforced the trend towards greater peacefulness.

scholarly journals The Difficult alliance. Military cooperation between the ruthenian king Daniel and the Piasts of Mazovia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Michał Skoczyński
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Historical Methodology ◽  
The Military

Abstract The article presents the military cooperation between the King of Galician-Volhynian Ruthenia, Daniel Romanowicz, and the Dukes of Mazovia, Konrad and his son Siemowit. The alliance, based as a counterweight for the cooperation between the King of Hungary and the Piast princes of Lesser Poland, who were trying to conquer Ruthenia and dominate all Piast principalities in then fragmented Poland. It lasted for several decades from the 1220’s to the 1260’s and was primarly aimed at mutual protection against the invasions of the pagan Yotvingians and supporting each other in armed conflicts. The text contains an analysis of war expeditions, tactics and ways of support that were given by both sides of the allianace. It is a new point of view on this aspect of political strategy of both sides that in some ways defined the regional situation. Ruthenians granted masovian Piasts some mobile and political uncommited support in fight with their relatives in Poland, and also secured their border with the Yotvingians. On the other hand, masovian knights were an additional strike force in ruthenian plundering expeditions to Yotvingia. The research was based on the analysis of preserved historical sources and scientific literature using historical methodology.

Treatment Following Progression in Metastatic Melanoma: the State of the Art from Scientific Literature to Clinical Need

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Serra ◽  
S. Barruscotti ◽  
T. Dominioni ◽  
A. Zuccarini ◽  
P. Pedrazzoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State

The Great Auto Theft

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-161
Author(s):  
Christian Klösch
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Nazi Party ◽  
Online Database ◽  
World War ◽  
Auto Theft ◽  
National Socialists ◽  
German Reich

In March 1938 the National Socialists seized power in Austria. One of their first measures against the Jewish population was to confiscate their vehicles. In Vienna alone, a fifth of all cars were stolen from their legal owners, the greatest auto theft in Austrian history. Many benefited from the confiscations: the local population, the Nazi Party, the state and the army. Car confiscation was the first step to the ban on mobility for Jews in the German Reich. Some vehicles that survived World War II were given back to the families of the original owners. The research uses a new online database on Nazi vehicle seizures.

The Elusive Search for Evidence: Evgenii Khaldei’s Budapest Ghetto, Images of Rape, and Soviet Holocaust Photography

Slavic Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
David Shneer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Social History ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Soviet Jews ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

I began studying Soviet photography in the early 2000s. To be more specific, I began studying Soviet photographers, most of whom had “Jewish” written on their internal passports, as I sought to understand how it was possible that a large number of photographers creating images of World War II were members of an ethnic group that was soon to be persecuted by the highest levels of the state. I ended up uncovering the social history of Soviet Jews and their relationship to photography, as I also explored how their training in the 1920s and 1930s shaped the photographs they took during World War II.

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