scholarly journals Modified Sabouraud dextrose agar for isolation and identification of dermatophytes

2005 ◽  
pp. 291-299
Author(s):  
Nina Bulajic ◽  
Dragana Ivanovic ◽  
Milan Savic
Keyword(s):  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar ◽  
Media Type ◽  
Trichophyton Soudanense ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
The Media ◽  
Trichophyton Schoenleinii

The most common causative agents of dermatomycoses are fungi belonging to genders Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton. Media mainly used for isolation of dermatophytes are mycobiotic agar, dermatophyte test medium Sabouraud agar (original formula or modification by Emmons) with or without antibiotics and cycloheximide. Peptones are the most important components of the media, which enable adequate reproductivity in identification of dermatophytes. Standard medium for isolation of dermatophytes is not produced in our country. The aim of the study was to create an optimal easily accessible and economic medium which enables isolation and identification of dermatophytes according to criteria for morphological diagnosis provided by identification guides. We examined 57 strains of Trichophyton, 24 of Microsporum and 5 of Epidermophyton floccosum (E. floccosum). Each strain was seeded on Sabouraud dextrose agar (Torlak Serbia and Montenegro), Sabouraud maltose agar (Torlak), two experimental modified Sabouraud dextrose agar media marked as SA-2 and SA-3 (Torlak) Sabouraud-Chloramp- henicole agar (Biomerieux, France) Sabouraud-Chloramphenicole agar (Himedia, India), Glucose-peptone agar (Himedia, India) and Sabouraud Emmons dextrose Agar with Chloramphenicole and Cycloheximide (Biolife, Italy). Colony morphology of Trichophyton mentagrophytes (T. mentagrophytes) was uni- form on all the media, while morphology of Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) and Microsporum canis (M. canis) depended more on the media type. Colonies of E. floccosum were typical and uniform on all the media, as were the control species of Trichophyton schoenleinii (T. schoenleinii) and Trichophyton soudanense (T. soudanense). Experimental modified Sabouraud dextrose agar (Torlak) marked as SA-3 demonstrated the best results in identification of dermatophytes in this study.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of dermatophytosis in northeastern Iran; A subtropical region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Ebrahimi ◽  
Hossein Zarrinfar ◽  
Ali Naseri ◽  
Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh ◽  
Abdolmajid Fata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Tinea Unguium ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Mashhad City ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tinea Faciei

Background and Purpose: Dermatophytes as the causative agents of dermatophytosis(ringworm) are widely spread around the world. Accurate identification ofdermatophytes in one area can be particularly important for epidemiological studies.Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to describe the species spectrum ofdermatophytes, isolated from patients in Mashhad city, Iran, using the molecular-basedmethod.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 79 dermatophyte isolatesobtained from the human skin, hair, and nail specimens. Species identification wasperformed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphismanalysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer regions using MvaI restrictionenzyme.Results: The identified species included Trichophyton mentagrophytes/T. interdigitalespecies complex (n=37, 46.8%), Epidermophyton floccosum (n=12, 15.2%), T. rubrum(n=8, 10.1%), Microsporum canis (n=8, 10.1%), T. violaceum (n=5, 6.3%), T. tonsurans(n=4, 5.1%), Nannizzia gypsea (n=3, 3.8%), T. benhamiae (n=1, 1.3%), and T.verrucosum (n=1, 1.3%). The clinical forms of infection were tinea corporis (n=26,32.8%), tinea cruris (n=22, 27.8%), tinea capitis (n=10, 12.6%), tinea unguium (n=7,9%), tinea manuum (n=6, 8%), tinea pedis (n=5, 6.3%), and tinea faciei (n=3, 3.5%).Conclusion: As the findings indicated, T. mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale speciescomplex had the highest prevalence, and T. benhamiae appeared to be a new emergingagent of dermatophytosis in Mashhad, northeastern Iran.

scholarly journals Onychomycosis and Children – A Multicenter Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
L. Zisova ◽  
A. Chokoeva ◽  
E. Sotiriou ◽  
V. Valtchev ◽  
D. Gospodinov
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Direct Microscopic Examination ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Yeasts And Molds

Summary Onychomycosis is a chronic disease caused by dermatophytes, yeasts and molds, which leads to destruction of the nail plate of the fingernails and toenails. The incidence of onychomycosis in children is considerably smaller compared with that in adults. Onychomycosis in children under 6 years of age is particularly unusual. The trauma and the hyperhidrosis after puberty are the major predisposing factor for fungal nail infection in childhood. Some systemic diseases and congenital syndromes have a crucial role for the development of onychomycosis in children. Wearing infected socks and shoes of other family members, family history for fungal infection of the nails, reduced hygiene and onychophagia are other important predisposing factors. Dermatophytic species Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Epidermophyton flocosum are the most frequent causative agents of onychomycosis in adults and much less common yeast of the genus Candida. A retrospective study for a period of 11 years was performed (2003-2013) investigating 292 children aged 0 to 18 years with proven onychomycosis (123 - from Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 94 - from Pleven, Bulgaria, and 75 - from Thessaloniki, Greece). Candida albicans was the main etiologic agent in onychomycosis in children under 18 years of age, according to the performed retrospective study. The diagnose was made by direct microscopic examination and fungal culture on Sabouraud agar media.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Hexahydropyrimidine Derivatives against the Causative Agents of Dermatomycosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francislene J. Martins ◽  
César A. Caneschi ◽  
Mônica P. Senra ◽  
Gustavo S. G. Carvalho ◽  
Adilson D. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Microsporum Gypseum ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Causative Agents

Nitrogenated heterocyclic compounds are present in both natural and synthetic drugs, and hexahydropyrimidine derivatives may prove to be efficient in treating dermatomycosis causing fungi. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of four hexahydropyrimidine derivatives against the dermatomycosis causing fungi. These derivatives were synthesized, characterized, and assessed in terms of their activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Epidermophyton floccosum between concentrations 7.8 and 1,000 μg mL−1. Scanning electron micrographs were assessed for the active derivatives and reference drugs, and these micrographs revealed that new agents cause morphological changes in fungi. The derivatives HHP1, HHP3, and HHP4 revealed poor activity against the four fungal strains (MICs range 500–1000 μg mL−1). Compound HHP3 was found to be the best potential antifungal agent among those tested and was the most effective among all the active derivatives that caused morphological changes in the susceptible strains.

scholarly journals Dermatophytes and saprobe fungi isolated from dogs and cats in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Paixão ◽  
J.J.C. Sidrim ◽  
G.M.M. Campos ◽  
R.S.N. Brilhante ◽  
M.F.G. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Saprobe Fungi ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

The possible involvement of saprobe fungi in dermatomycoses, as well as the determination of the incidence of dermatophytes in dogs and cats were studied. During a period of one year, 74 dogs and 18 cats, with cutaneous lesions suggesting mycoses were included in this study. The mycological analyses were conducted by direct microscopy and by fungal culture on Sabouraud agar, chloramphenicol Sabouraud agar and mycosel agar. Of the 92 samples, 21 resulted in positive cultures for dermatophytes. Dermatophyte fungi pure cultures were obtained from 13 samples. A simultaneous growth of dermatophytes plus saprobe fungi was observed in 8 of the samples. Of the remaining 71 samples, no fungal growth was observed in 10 samples, and at minimum the growth of one saprobe fungi in 61. One, two and three genera of saprobe fungi were isolated in 29, 30 and 2 samples, respectively. Microsporum canis was isolated in 6 (28.6 %) and 10 samples (47.6 %) from cats and dogs, respectively, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in 2 (9.5 %) and 3 samples (14.3 %) from cats and dogs, respectively. The following genera of saprobe fungi were also isolated: Alternaria sp (1.9%), Chaetomium sp (1.9%), Rhizopus sp (2.9%), Curvularia sp (3.9%), Candida sp (6.8%), Trichoderma sp (6.8%), Fusarium sp (7.8%), Cladosporium sp (8.7%), Penicillium sp (21.4%) and Aspergillus sp (37.9%).

scholarly journals CÁC CHỦNG VI NẤM NGOÀI DA PHÂN LẬP ĐƯỢC VÀ ĐỘ NHẠY CẢM VỚI CÁC THUỐC KHÁNG NẤM HIỆN NAY TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN ĐẾN KHÁM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN DA LIỄU THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂM 2021

2022 ◽  
Vol 508 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tăng Tuấn Hải ◽  
Trần Phủ Mạnh Siêu ◽  
Ngô Quốc Đạt
Keyword(s):  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Microsporum Gypseum ◽  
Test Medium ◽  
Nam Co ◽  
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar

Đặt vấn đề: Nhiễm vi nấm ngoài da (dermatophytosis) là một trong những bệnh  phổ biến và khó điều trị. Vấn đề chẩn đoán tác nhân gây bệnh chưa được quan tâm triệt để, cộng với tình trạng kháng thuốc ngày càng tăng. Do đó cần thiết phải có nghiên cứu khảo sát các chủng vi nấm ngoài da hiện đang lưu hành trên các bệnh nhân đến khám tại bệnh viện Da Liễu, từ đó có cơ sở chẩn đoán và điều trị hiệu quả. Mục tiêu: Phân lập, định danh và tìm hiểu tỷ lệ của các chủng vi nấm ngoài da. Khảo sát độ nhạy cảm với các thuốc khám nấm hiện nay trên các bệnh nhân đến khám tại bệnh viện Da Liễu Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: cắt ngang mô tả, đối tượng từ 339 mẫu bệnh phẩm da, tóc, móng nghi ngờ do vi nấm ngoài da đến khám ngoại trú tại Khoa Khám bệnh Bệnh viện Da Liễu Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh từ tháng 1 đến tháng 5 năm 2021 có chỉ định soi tươi tìm vi nấm của bác sĩ lâm sàng. Các bệnh phẩm được cấy vào môi trường Dermatophyte test medium (DTM) và Sabouraud dextrose Agar (SDA) để phân biệt và định danh. Các chủng vi nấm ngoài da được thực hiện kháng nấm bằng phương pháp đĩa khuếch tán để đánh giá hiệu lực gồm các chất kháng nấm: fluconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, ketoconazole. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán nhiễm nấm ngoài da là 47,2%. Trên 107 mẫu bệnh phẩm nuôi cấy phân lập được vi nấm ngoài da, Trichophyton rubrum chiếm tỉ lệ cao nhất là 63,55%, kế đến là Trichophyton mentagrophytes với tỉ lệ 28,04%, Microsporum gypseum chiếm tỉ lệ 4,67%, và cuối cùng là Microsporum canis có tỉ lệ thấp nhất là 3,74%. Tất cả vi nấm ngoài da đều nhạy với thuốc kháng nấm itraconazole (100%); trong khi đó, mức độ nhạy cảm với griseofulvin là 98%. Đối với thuốc kháng nấm ketoconazole, mức độ nhạy với thuốc đạt 52,9%, và có 30,4% mẫu vi nấm ngoài da kháng với ketoconazole. Kết luận: Tỉ lệ nhiễm nấm da do vi nấm ngoài da của bệnh nhân còn cao; trong đó, loài Trichophyton rubrum là loài thường gặp nhất. Kết quả kháng nấm đồ cho thấy tình trạng đề kháng ngày càng tăng của vi nấm, có thể giảm hiệu quả điều trị.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Dermatophytoses in Switzerland According to a Survey of Dermatophytes Isolated in Lausanne between 2001 and 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olympia Bontems ◽  
Marina Fratti ◽  
Karine Salamin ◽  
Emmanuella Guenova ◽  
Michel Monod
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Tinea Unguium ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Trichophyton Soudanense ◽  
Trichophyton Benhamiae ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Pathogenic Agents

Dermatophytes are the most common pathogenic agents of superficial mycoses in humans and animals. Knowledge of their epidemiology can facilitate the prevention of dermatophytosis and improve prophylactic measures. We sought to determine the incidence of the different dermatophyte species diagnosed in Lausanne (Switzerland) from 2001 to 2018. In total, 10,958 dermatophytes were isolated from patients and 459 from pets. Overall, 99% of tinea unguium and tinea pedis were caused by Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale with a prevalence ratio of 3:1. Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense were mainly found in tinea capitis in patients of African and Mediterranean origin. Interestingly, while Epidermophyton floccosum and Trichophyton verrucosum were prevalent 50 years ago in an epidemiological analysis carried out in the same laboratory from 1967 to 1970, these two species were rarely detected from 2001 to 2018. Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton benhamiae and Microsporum canis were the prevalent zoophilic pathogenic species in children and young adults. Our investigation of animal samples revealed the main reservoirs of these zoophilic species to be cats and dogs for T. mentagrophytes and M. canis, and Guinea pigs for T. benhamiae. This study provides an epidemiological overview of dermatophytoses in Switzerland to improve their surveillance.

The Principles of Layout and How Those Apply to Digital Electronic Book Publication

DeKaVe ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Hendra Yulianto
Keyword(s):  
Print Media ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Electronic Book ◽  
Electronic Books ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Media Type ◽  
The Media ◽  
Book Publication

When designing a layout, the designer must be aware of fundamental principles so as to make the design structured and consistent. When planning layout, a designer cannot be random and must consider essential factors, such as the media type, the readers, the design elements and so on. Electronic media, like web pages and electronic books, is a newer media than the print media, and is different in several aspects. Yet, the basic principles of the design are still identical. A solid layout is a great tool in communicating messages visually.

scholarly journals Expression of Ubiquitin Gene in Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes Cultured with Fluconazole

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 2559-2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Kano ◽  
Ken Okabayashi ◽  
Yuka Nakamura ◽  
Shinichi Watanabe ◽  
Atsuhiko Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Proteasome Inhibitor ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Antifungal Drug ◽  
Microsporum Canis

ABSTRACT The expression of the ubiquitin (Ub) gene in dermatophytes was examined for its relation to resistance against the antifungal drug fluconazole. The nucleotide sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences of the Ub gene in Microsporum canis were proven to be 99% similar to those of the Ub gene in Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Expression of mRNA of Ub in M. canisand T. mentagrophytes was enhanced when the fungi were cultured with fluconazole. The antifungal activity of fluconazole against these dermatophytes was increased in the presence of Ub proteasome inhibitor.

scholarly journals Hair loss in children in rural population

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Vimala Manne ◽  
D. Subhash Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
School Children ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microsporum Ferrugineum ◽  
Causative Agents

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Among children worldwide, dermatophyte infections are most common constituting a public health problem. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and causative agents of tinea capitis in school children attending primary school located in Hyderabad and to perform an analysis of risk factors associated with tinea capitis as the etiological factor.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a school based, cross sectional, prospective study which was conducted in July 2015. This study was conducted in a school located near Hyderabad.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 600 school children, 298 boys and 302 girls, 100 were diagnosed with a tinea capitis infection after clinical and microbiological examination, with an estimated prevalence rate of 15.0%. The most prevalent dermatophytes isolation in tinea capitis in children were <em>Trichophyton verucosum</em> (90), <em>Trichophyton tonsurans</em> (30), <em>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</em> (28), <em>Microsporum audiouium</em> (15), <em>Trichophyton soudanese</em> (9), <em>Trichophyton violaceum</em> (5), <em>Microsporum ferrugineum</em> (3), <em>Trichophyton schoenleineii</em> (3), <em>Microsporum gallinae</em> (2) and culture negative and KOH positive (10).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study concluded that the findings suggest that the practices resulting in entrenchment of dermatophyte infections and fungal infection. The promotion of public health action plan based on self hygiene education, which aimed to counteract the epidemiological burden specifically, and it should play an pivotal role in reduction of the prevalence in future of this common infection.</p>

scholarly journals Monitoring of Dermatophytosis incidence in domestic dogs and cats in Kharkiv, Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
G. V. Ponomarenko ◽  
V. L. Kovalenko ◽  
O. V. Ponomarenko ◽  
R. V. Severyn ◽  
A. M. Gontar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Diagnostic Studies ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mold And Yeast ◽  
The City ◽  
Mycological Laboratory

The spread of dermatophytosis among animals and humans in the localities of Ukraine in particular in the city of Kharkiv is due to the presence of range of the most susceptible animals. This information mainly concerns dogs and cats that can be affected by dermatophytosis and may be a reservoir of dermatophyte fungus. Particularly important is that domestic dogs and cats represent a significant epidemiological threat to the population. The purpose of the research was to monitor the morbidity of dermatophytosis in domestic dogs and cats in Kharkiv. Diagnostic studies of dermatophytosis morbidity level determination in domestic dogs and cats were performed complexly including the clinical and epizootic data, microscopic and mycological laboratory tests conducted according to generally accepted methods (Kovalenko et al., 2017; Sutton, Fothergill and Rinaldi, 2001). Dermatophytosis was diagnosed among 231 animals in the study of 1,277 domestic dogs kept by the inhabitants of the city of Kharkiv which was in 18.09% of samples. Dermatophytosis was also detected in 615 animals which constitutes 50.25% in the study of 1,124 cats. The cultures of dermatophytosis agent Microsporum canis were isolated from 126 dogs (18.98%) and 110 cats (40.74%). Trichophyton mentagrophytes cultures were isolated from 16 dogs (2.41%) and 16 cats (5.93%). The percentage of isolated cultures of mold and yeast-like fungi in the studies of sick dogs and cats were 38.55% and 22.25% respectively. Obtained results indicate quite high level of the dermatophytosis spreading among domestic dogs and cats in the city of Kharkiv.

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