scholarly journals Recognition of Musical Instruments by Children between 4 and 6 Years of Age and Research concerning the Natural Sounds They Associate with Those Instruments

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismihan Artan ◽  
Gulden Uyanik Balat
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Natural Sounds ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
City Center ◽  
School Based ◽  
The City

Musical instruments help children to gain a lot of experience related to sounds and they play an important role in supporting skill development in children. In addition, with instruments children can create and explore their own music, rather than participate with and react to others. In this school-based research study 147 children were chosen randomly from among those who attended private kindergartens in high socio-economic areas in the city center of Ankara, Turkey. All children were aged between 4 and 6 years. The research methodology comprised a questionnaire to gather demographic information about the children, the use of musical instruments and a set of cards containing pictures of musical instruments. When the children were asked the question, ‘What is music’, they answered mainly by saying, ‘playing a musical instrument’. Many of the children were able to identify musical instruments correctly when shown pictures of them.

scholarly journals DEKULTURASI BENTUK SENI PERTUNJUKAN ORKES GAMBUS DI KOTA PARIAMAN PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
IMRAN ABDOEL GANI ◽  
IMRAN ABDOEL GANI
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Arab Immigrants ◽  
The People ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

This study focused on developments that occurred in gambus music in the Pariaman area from 1960 to 2018. Many other interesting changes that occurred in the development of stringed music in this area. Lute music is a musical unit that presents musical instruments gambus, especially playing Arabic songs and qasidah. The development of lute music in Indonesia began in the 19th century along with the arrival of Arab immigrants from Hadramaut, South Yemen to the archipelago. Although initially gambus was a means of preaching immigrants, along with the gambus, it developed into a means of entertainment. In 1970, Nur El-Surayya Gambus Orchestra held a concert in the context of a cultural weekend in Padang Pariaman District, West Sumatra. Nur El-Surayya Gambus Orchestra performances at that time were very welcome for the people of Padang Pariaman. Several years before the arrival of the Nur El-Surayya Gambus Orchestra to Padang Pariaman Regency, in this area several gambus music groups were established which are well known today, namely: Al Falah Gambus Orchestra (1960-1980), Al Ihsan (1965) , Nurul Hidayah (1974), and Al Hidayah (1995-present). The musical instrument used by the Al Falah Gambus Orchestra is currently an acoustic music instrument such as: violin, gambus (Ud), tamburin, bass barge / betot bass, and maracas. This study specifically examines the "Deculturation of the Forms of Performing Gambus Orchestra in the City of Pariaman, Province of West Sumatra, Musicological Study" using qualitative research methods. data collection used in this study are, observation, interviews, documentation and data analysis. This method is designed to reveal the phenomenon of the Gambus Orchestra in Kota Pariaman.

scholarly journals Pitch discrimination is better for synthetic timbre than natural musical instrument timbres, despite familiarity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Natural Sounds ◽  
Physical Acoustics ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Harmonic Complex ◽  
Complex Tones ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Equal Amplitude

Pitch discrimination is better for complex tones than for pure tones, but how more subtle differences in timbre affect pitch discrimination is not fully understood. This study compared pitch discrimination thresholds of flat-spectrum harmonic complex tones with those of natural sounds played by musical instruments of three different timbres (violin, trumpet, and flute). To investigate whether natural familiarity with sounds of particular timbres affects pitch discrimination thresholds, this study recruited musicians who were trained on one of the three instruments. We found that flautists and trumpeters could discriminate smaller differences in pitch for artificial flat-spectrum tones, despite their unfamiliar timbre, than for sounds played by musical instruments, which are regularly heard in everyday life (particularly by musicians who play those instruments). Furthermore, thresholds were no better for the instrument a musician was trained to play than for other instruments, suggesting that even extensive experience listening to and producing sounds of particular timbres does not reliably improve pitch discrimination thresholds for those timbres. The results show that timbre familiarity provides minimal improvements to auditory acuity, and physical acoustics (i.e., the presence of equal-amplitude harmonics) determine pitch-discrimination thresholds more than does experience with natural sounds and timbre-specific training.

scholarly journals Digital Musical Instruments as Probes: How computation changes the mode-of-being of musical instruments

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koray Tahıroğlu ◽  
Thor Magnusson ◽  
Adam Parkinson ◽  
Iris Garrelfs ◽  
Atau Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Experimental Device ◽  
Technology Design ◽  
Performance Practices ◽  
Musical Practices ◽  
Personal Performance ◽  
Mode Of Being ◽  
Artistic Research

This article explores how computation opens up possibilities for new musical practices to emerge through technology design. Using the notion of the cultural probe as a lens, we consider the digital musical instrument as an experimental device that yields findings across the fields of music, sociology and acoustics. As part of an artistic-research methodology, the instrumental object as a probe is offered as a means for artists to answer questions that are often formulated outside semantic language. This article considers how computation plays an important role in the authors’ personal performance practices in different ways, which reflect the changed mode-of-being of new musical instruments and our individual and collective relations with them.

Accuracy of On-site Consistent Origin-Destination Estimation Method for Measuring the Actual Numbers of Consumer Shop-around Movements within the City Center of Hanoi, Vietnam

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saburo SAITO ◽  
Tran Ngoc HUY ◽  
Masakuni IWAMI ◽  
Takahiro SATO ◽  
Kosuke YAMASHIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Method ◽  
City Center ◽  
The City

Urban Development Strategies of City Centers: The Case of Rafah City, Palestinian Territories

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Omar S. Asfour ◽  
Samar Abu Ghali
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
City Center ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
The City ◽  
Commercial Center

City centers worldwide are perceived as essential parts of the city, where city memories are preserved and its identity is expressed. They are planned to satisfy the functional requirements and pleasurable qualities of the city. Under the accelerating urbanization of the modern city, several challenges face these centers including demographic, economic, and environmental challenges. This requires a continuous and incremental urban development process based on clear strategy and action plans. Thus, this study focuses on urban development strategies of city centers, with a focus on Rafah city located in the Gaza Strip, Palestinian Territories. The geographic location of this city near the Palestinian-Egyptian borders makes it a promising commercial city at local and regional levels. Thus, the current situation of Rafah city center has been analyzed, and several development strategies have been proposed. This has been done through a field survey based on observation and a questionnaire directed to city center users. It has been found that there is a great potential of Rafah city center to be developed as a commercial center. In this regard, several strategies and required actions have been proposed in the fields of transportation, environmental quality, shopping activities, investment opportunities, and visual perception.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NECK SHOULDER PAIN TREAMENT BY ACUPUNCTURE, MASSAGE AND TRADITIONAL MEDICINE REMEDY

2013 ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Thi Tan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Good Account ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The City ◽  
Pain Patients

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness neck shoulder pain treatment by acupuncture, massage and traditional medicine remedy. Materials and Methods: 42 patients included in the inpatient and outpatient at the Department of Traditional Medicine, Hue Central Hospital and Traditional Medicine Hospital of Thua Thien Hue, was diagnosed as neck shoulder pain. Patients were treated with acupuncture, massage and medicine, according to the research methodology, assessing the results before and after treatment. Results: The age accounted for the highest proportion of 31-45 (42.49%), the second is between the ages of 46-60 (26.18%) and> 60 (26.18%). Incidence in the city (66.67%) than rural (33.33%) (p <0:05). Patients presented with neck shoulder pain (100%), together with the head pain, pain in the shoulder, arm numbness, movement restrictions tilted head bowed. Conclusion: good variety and accounted for 71.42% of which are quite good account of 14.28%, only 2.38% is poor. Results of good, high aged 31-45 (35.72%) and in patients with a course of treatment (66.66%). Key words: neck shoulder pain, acupuncture, massage, traditional medicine remedy.

Spatial and Temporal Differences in Weekday Travel Durations Between Private-for-Hire Transportation Services and Transit in the City Center

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110197
Author(s):  
Baxter Shandobil ◽  
Ty Lazarchik ◽  
Kelly Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Network ◽  
Central City ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
City Center ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Level Information ◽  
The City

There is increasing evidence that ridehailing and other private-for-hire (PfH) services such as taxis and limousines are diverting trips from transit services. One question that arises is where and when PfH services are filling gaps in transit services and where they are competing with transit services that are publicly subsidized. Using weekday trip-level information for trips originating in or destined for the city center of Portland, OR from PfH transportation services (taxis, transportation network companies, limousines) and transit trip data collected from OpenTripPlanner, this study investigated the temporal and spatial differences in travel durations between actual PfH trips and comparable transit trips (the same origin–destination and time of day). This paper contributes to this question and to a growing body of research about the use of ridehailing and other on-demand services. Specifically, it provides a spatial and temporal analysis of the demand for PfH transportation using an actual census of trips for a given 2 week period. The comparison of trip durations of actual PfH trips to hypothetical transit trips for the same origin–destination pairs into or out of the central city gives insights for policy making around pricing and other regulatory frameworks that could be implemented in time and space.

scholarly journals Simulating the effects of redesigned street-scale built environments on access/egress pedestrian flows to metro stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Liu ◽  
Dujuan Yang ◽  
Harry J. P. Timmermans ◽  
Bauke de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Renewal Processes ◽  
City Center ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
Route Choice Behavior ◽  
The City

AbstractIn urban renewal processes, metro line systems are widely used to accommodate the massive traffic needs and stimulate the redevelopment of the local area. The route choice of pedestrians, emanating from or going to the metro stations, is influenced by the street-scale built environment. Many renewal processes involve the improvement of the street-level built environment and thus influence pedestrian flows. To assess the effects of urban design on pedestrian flows, this article presents the results of a simulation model of pedestrian route choice behavior around Yingkoudao metro station in the city center of Tianjin, China. Simulated pedestrian flows based on 4 scenarios of changes in street-scale built environment characteristics are compared. Results indicate that the main streets are disproportionally more affected than smaller streets. The promotion of an intensified land use mix does not lead to a high increase in the number of pedestrians who choose the involved route when traveling from/to the metro station, assuming fixed destination choice.

scholarly journals Selecting Freight Transportation Modes in Last-Mile Urban Distribution in Pamplona (Spain): An Option for Drone Delivery in Smart Cities

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4748
Author(s):  
Adrian Serrano-Hernandez ◽  
Aitor Ballano ◽  
Javier Faulin
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Freight Transportation ◽  
City Center ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Freight Logistics ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Urban Distribution ◽  
The City

Urban distribution in medium-sized cities faces a major challenge, mainly when deliveries are difficult in the city center due to: an increase of e-commerce, weak public transportation system, and the promotion of urban sustainability plans. As a result, private cars, public transportation, and freight transportation compete for the same space. This paper analyses the current state for freight logistics in the city center of Pamplona (Spain) and proposes alternative transportation routes and transportation modes in the last-mile city center distribution according to different criteria evaluated by residents. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was developed. A number of alternatives have been assessed considering routes and transportation modes: the shortest route criterion and avoiding some city center area policies are combined with traditional van-based, bike, and aerial (drone) distribution protocols for delivering parcels and bar/restaurant supplies. These alternatives have been evaluated within a multicriteria framework in which economic, environmental, and social objectives are considered at the same time. The point in this multicriteria framework is that the criteria/alternative AHP weights and priorities have been set according to a survey deployed in the city of Pamplona (Navarre, Spain). The survey and AHP results show the preference for the use of drone or bike distribution in city center in order to reduce social and environmental issues.

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