Torts. Charitable Institution Held Liable for Employee's Tort

1951 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1159
Keyword(s):  
Charitable Institution

NOBILES PAUPERES: VILNIAUS MISIONIERIŲ ŠPITOLĖS GLOBOTINIAI XVIII A.

2018 ◽  
pp. 58-72
Author(s):  
Martynas Jakulis
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Status ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Mission Hospital ◽  
Charity Hospital ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
Charitable Institution ◽  
The City ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

In 1695, Jan Teofil Plater and his wife Aleksandra founded a hospital for six impoverished nobles in Vilnius. Situated near the newly built church of the Ascension and the convent of the Congregation of Mission in the Subocz suburb beyond the city walls, this hospital was the first and, until the end of the eighteenth century, the only charitable institution providing care for individuals of particular social status. The article, based on the hospital’s registry book and other sources, examines the quantitative, as well as qualitative characteristics of the institution’s clientele, such as its fluctuations in size, its social composition, and the causes of its inmates’ impoverishment. The research revealed that, despite the demand for care, the overseers managed to maintain a stable number of inmates, rarely admitting more than one or two persons every year, and thus ensuring a steady operation of the hospital (see table 1). However, in contrast with other charitable institutions in Vilnius, the clientele of the Congregation of Mission hospital changed frequently because of expulsions (39.6 percent of all cases) and inmates leaving the hospital on their own initiative (20.1 percent) already in the first year of their stay. The mortality of inmates (27.8 percent) affected the size and turnover of the clientele to a much lesser extent than observed in other hospitals. Although there are no reliable data on the inmates’ age and health, such statistics show that they probably were younger and healthier than the clients of other charitable institutions in Vilnius. Moreover, the Congregation of Mission hospital’s inmates differed from the clients of other institutions in respect of social composition. Impoverished petty nobles, originating mainly from the districts of Lida and Oszmiana, constituted the majority (56.25 percent) of the hospital’s inmates whose social status is noted in the registry book (62.5 percent). The nobles became clients of the Congregation of Mission hospital either because of old age, disability, as well as other accidental causes, or because of increased social vulnerability outside mutual aid networks, comprised of family members, kin or neighbours. The article argues that the foundation of a hospital designated to provide care primarily for impoverished nobles shows that the poverty of nobles was recognized by contemporaries as a social problem that should be tackled. Keywords: poverty, charity, hospital, the Congregation of Mission, Vilnius, nobles, eighteenth century.

The Medieval Economy of Salvation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Charitable Organizations ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Gift Economy ◽  
Lay Women ◽  
Emerging Culture ◽  
Charitable Institution ◽  
New Institutions

This book shows how the burgeoning commercial economy of western Europe in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, alongside an emerging culture of Christian charity, led to the establishment of hundreds of hospitals and leper houses. Focusing on the county of Champagne, the book looks at the ways in which charitable organizations and individuals saw in these new institutions a means of infusing charitable giving and service with new social significance and heightened expectations of spiritual rewards. Hospitals served as visible symbols of piety and, as a result, were popular objects of benefaction. They also presented lay women and men with new penitential opportunities to personally perform the works of mercy, which many embraced as a way to earn salvation. At the same time, these establishments served a variety of functions beyond caring for the sick and the poor; as benefactors donated lands and money to them, hospitals became increasingly central to local economies, supplying loans, distributing food, and acting as landlords. In tracing the rise of the medieval hospital during a period of intense urbanization and the transition from a gift economy to a commercial one, the book makes clear how embedded this charitable institution was in the wider social, cultural, religious, and economic fabric of medieval life.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Health Care Model through the reorientation of training

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (suppl 4) ◽  
pp. 1580-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Vendruscolo ◽  
Letícia De Lima Trindade ◽  
Marta Lenise do Prado ◽  
Maria Elisabeth Kleba
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Training Models ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Charitable Institution ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
And Training

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the contributions of the National Program of Reorientation of Professional Training in Health (Pró-Saúde) for the change in the model of care and training of health professionals. Methods: a case study with representatives of the teaching, care, management and social control, participants of the management units of the Pró-Saúde (Charitable institution for social and hospital assistance), in a municipality of the south of Brazil. Data collection took place through interviews and observations between October 2012 and February 2013. Results: the Program acts as a device for the transition of health care and training models, by promoting the problematization of daily work and the approximation between teaching and service. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the subjects’ commitment and the different perspectives on the community. Conclusion: Pró-Saúde leaves visible marks in the process of qualifying students and professionals, as well as promoting collaborative action in the fields of management, care, teaching and social control in the SUS (Brazilian Unified Health System).

Huiguan (會館‎) as an Overseas Charitable Institution

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-96
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
Overseas Chinese ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Charitable Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
Charitable Institution

Seldom have studies of overseas huiguan, i.e., Chinese benevolent associations, covered their charitable service of repatriating coffins/bones of the deceased from their host countries to their hometowns in China for burial. This peculiar long-standing Chinese “modern tradition,” till the early 1950s, can now be solidly evidenced by the voluminous Tung Wah Coffin Home Archives in Hong Kong after the materials have been made known in recent years. According to the correspondence between the Tung Wah Hospital (a charitable organization itself) and huiguan all over the world, thousands of coffins and boxes of bones were shipped back to native places of most Chinese emigrants from the “Gold Rush” era every year through Hong Kong during the first half of the last century, especially after the Tung Wah Coffin Home was built by the Hospital to house coffins and exhumed bones awaiting shipment. Starting with a mapping of the sending points, this chapter attempts to first delineate the function of Chinese benevolent associations there as key organizations in the charity network of the global Chinese world. The implications of their operation in the historical connection between the host countries and hometowns of overseas Chinese via Hong Kong are also exemplified and explicated.

Air Navigation and the New Institute

1948 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
John Slessor
Keyword(s):  
Charitable Institution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

The foundation of the Institute of Navigation has given satisfaction to many, but perhaps to none more than the shade of the great man who in 1673 inaugurated on the basis of the old charitable institution of Christ's Hospital ‘a nursery of children to be educated in Mathematics for the particular use and service of navigation’. That science has made some strides since Samuel Pepys's day. But no one who has read Arthur Bryant's fascinating study of the Great Secretary of the Admiralty under the Restoration can doubt that old Samuel would have been well abreast, if not ahead, of all developments, especially as they affected the King's Fighting Services. His comments on the subject after his experience of the Great Storm of 1684 have a very realistic and modern ring about them: ‘We are very solicitous in our disputes and opinions touching our draughts and log lines and things’ he wrote ‘when we are at a loss for our ways … but as soon as ever we see land all difference is forgot, or any desire of recording the truth, but on the contrary, everybody endeavours to make himself be thought to have been in the right, and not thinking also that they should ever come to the same loss in the same place again. Hence it comes that the science of navigation lies so long without more improvement’. How true, and how curious that it should have been more than 260 years before the foundation of this Institute, under a president one of whose predecessors was called in by Pepys in 1686 to defend against unjust criticism a treatise on the science of navigation.

scholarly journals LISTENING FROM THE BOTTOM A QUALITATIVE APPROACH EXAMINING ZAKAT RECIPIENTS’ VOICES

INFERENSI ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Zulkipli Lessy
Keyword(s):  
Spousal Support ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Charitable Institution

Existing zakat research, reports little information about the living conditions of Indonesian zakat recipients. This study examined the perceptions of zakat recipients at Rumah Zakat, a charitable institution, in Yogyakarta. Semi-structured interviews solicited seven economic empowerment program respondents’ narratives. This data collection method incorporating a phenomenological approach to data analysis revealed that respondents with more education and spousal support could better subsist after utilizing Rumah Zakat’s interest-free loans, and compared to individual efforts or group support, spousal support helped significantly with business growth. These respondents typically earned incomes above the national standard of poverty. As their businesses grew, four respondents planned to employ the jobless. Respondents benefiting from the program reported significant impact on their home economies and social lives.

scholarly journals EVOLUTION IN WAQF JURISPRUDENCE AND ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INNOVATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Financial Innovation ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Finance Industry ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Charitable Institution ◽  
Investment Tool ◽  
Compare And Contrast

This paper aims to analyse the evolutionary process in the jurisprudential structure of modern waqf (Islamic endowment) and underlines the scope of Islamic financial innovation through the mechanism of waqf. The paper proposes the innovative models of parallel waqf, waqf-based social and financial instruments, waqf-based ṣukūk, micro-takāful, and waqf-based commodity bank. The research adopts the qualitative approach and employs socio-legal research methodology for the analysis. The paper relies on desk-based research. Compared to the classical structure of waqf which was confined within the domain of a perpetual charitable institution, this paper finds that modern waqf has ushered in several new dimensions into its fold. Modern waqf is in the process of re-evolution. Waqf, in the current scenario, has evolved into a financial product, a property-conveyance tool, an instrument of contract, an investment tool, a risk mitigation mechanism and an incorporated entity. The scope of this paper is limited to analysing the jurisprudential evolution of waqf and its impact on the Islamic finance industry. It does not seek to discuss the overall role or impact of waqf on the society as a whole. This paper also does not endeavor to compare and contrast the mechanism and modalities of other philanthropic institutions vis-ā-vis waqf. This paper examines the jurisprudential underpinnings of waqf and their implications and applicability to the Islamic finance industry. The paper draws on the process of how the mechanism of waqf has already been employed to develop various innovative Islamic financial products and how this process can be a catalyst for further innovation in the Islamic finance industry. The main contribution of the paper is encapsulated in the analysis of how the jurisprudential structure of the modern waqf has been evolving in the last few decades to accommodate the modern needs of Islamic finance. It further enumerates a few innovative Islamic financial products which can be developed by exploiting the available flexibility in the evolved version of modern waqf.

scholarly journals Toward Effective Legal Regulations and an Enabling Environment for inalienable Muslim Endowments

ICR Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-668
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hisham Dafterdar
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Charitable Institution

The accumulation of awqaf assets has created tremendous wealth for the welfare of the global Muslim community. However, due to a variety of historical reasons and the lack of an effective and enabling legal environment the role of the waqf as a useful tool for socio-economic development has generally been neglected and often forgotten. Awqaf as a faith-based charitable institution has generated interest beyond philanthropists and shariah scholars and is no longer seen as exclusively religious. The sector is in fact an industry and is being subjected to increased scrutiny by governments and regulatory authorities. This article investigates the possible model character for corporate governance as well as sustainability and profitability issues pertaining to awqaf.

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