Women in Freetown politics, 1914–61: a preliminary study

Africa ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
LaRay Denzer
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Economic Contribution ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The City

Opening ParagraphThe study of women in Sierra Leone has been well launched. Except for the work of Carol P. MacCormack (formerly Hoffer) on political leadership and socio-economic development among Mende and Sherbro women (1972, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1981, 1982), most of this scholarship focuses on women in Freetown, mainly the Krio. Filomena Steady (1975, 1976) has analysed Krio women's leadership in church and political organisations. The history of their economic contribution to the evolution of the city has been discussed by E. Frances White (1976, 1978, 1981a, b). Gender relationships in modern marriage have been examined by Barbara Harrell-Bond (1975). In addition, there are a number of biographical studies of prominent leaders: Paramount Chief Madam Yoko (Hoffer, 1974), Adelaide Casely Hayford (Okonkwo, 1985; Cromwell, 1986), Constance A. Cummings-John (Denzer, 1981, forthcoming a, b), Hannah S. Benka Coker (Metzger, 1973: 50–2), and Lottie Hamilton-Hazeley (Metzger, 1973: 52–3). On the basis of this body of work it is possible to study more closely the contribution of women in modern politics in Freetown and the socioeconomic forces behind their participation. This account covers the period from the emergence of the proto-nationalist movement, the National Congress of British West Africa (NCBWA), up to the campaign for independence.

Photography in Sierra Leone, 1850–1918

Africa ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Viditz-Ward
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Photograph Albums ◽  
Sierra Leonean ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Colonial Archives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The City ◽  
European Technology

Opening ParagraphIn recent years scholars have shown considerable interest in the early use of photography by non-Western peoples. Research on nineteenth-century Indian, Japanese and Chinese photography has revealed a rich synthesis of European and Asian imagery. These early photographs show how non-Western peoples created new forms of artistic expression by adapting European technology and visual idioms for their own purposes. Because of the long history of contact between Sierra Leoneans and Europeans, Freetown seemed a logical starting point for similar photographic research in West Africa. The information presented here is based on ten years of searching for nineteenth-century photographs made by Sierra Leonean photographers. To locate these pictures, I have visited Freetonians and viewed their family portraits and photograph albums, interviewed contemporary photographers throughout Sierra Leone, and researched in the various colonial archives in England to locate photographs preserved from the period of colonial rule. I have discovered that a community of African photographers has worked in the city of Freetown since the very invention of photography. The article reviews the first phase of this unique photographic tradition, 1850–1918, and focuses on several of the African photographers who worked in Freetown during this period.

The Gambia Section of the National Congress of British West Africa

Africa ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ayodele Langley
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Local Committee ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe Gambia was the last of the four English-speaking West African colonies to organize a local branch of the National Congress movement. As in Sierra Leone the local committee was dominated by ‘middle class’ Creoles, although active Muslim members included Sheikh Omar Fye, who played a leading role in local politics up to the early 1950s and was a leading spokesman of the Muslim community in Bathurst. Other Muslim members were Njagga Saar, a local carpenter; Omar Jallow, described as a ‘prominent agriculturist’; Amar Gaye Cham, vice-president of the 1923-4 local executive committee and a dealer. Creoles active in the local committee came largely from the mercantile and legal professions. Isaac J. Roberts, who was president of the 1925-6 committee, was a prominent solicitor of Sierra Leone descent. He was a merchant before going to England to read law; he practised in Bathurst and Lagos despite the loss of his eyesight which occurred during his student days in England. He represented the Gambia at the Lagos Session of the NCBWA in 1930. He died in Freetown in April 1933 at the age of eighty-two. M. S. J. Richards, one of the vice-presidents of the 1923-4 local executive committee, was a local trader; J. A. Mahoney (later Sir John Mahoney and Speaker of the Gambia House of Representatives) was formerly a government employee who later worked for the French firm C.F.A.O. as a mercantile clerk; the Hon. S. J. Forster, first president of the local committee, came from a distinguished Creole family and served for several years on the Legislative Council; J. E. Mahoney was the nephew of S. J. Forster and was also a trader. B. J. George, local secretary of the committee from 1921 to 1923, and delegate to the Freetown Session in 1923, was a commission agent; Henry M. Jones was a wealthy trader and was one of the Gambian delegates to the NCBWA London committee in 1920-1; until the 1921 slump and the depression of the 1930s, ‘Pa ’ Jones was influential in both business circles and in local politics. Other prominent Creole traders associated with the local committee were E. F. Small, delegate to the Accra Conference and the London committee; E. A. T. Nicol, E. J. C. Rendall, and E. N. Jones.

The Hindu Mahasabha and the Indian National Congress, 1915 to 1926

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Indian Nationalism ◽  
General Elections ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Congress ◽  
United Front ◽  
First Time ◽  
Indian National Congress

In 1926, when it contested the general elections to the Imperial and Provincial Legislatures for the first time, the Indian National Congress was embroiled in a protracted struggle between rival factions for control of the Congress organisation. Electoral rivalries exacerbated existing factionalism and highlighted the often contradictory aims, methods and interests pursued by competing groups within the loose framework of the nationalist movement. If the non-cooperation campaign of 1920–21 had witnessed a national awakening and initiated a more aggressive phase in the history of Indian nationalism, the unity imposed upon the Congress proved fragile and temporary. The curious alliance of forces which had adhered to the Congress in the more confident days of the movement and which were mixed so promiscuously with the survivors of the old Congress, exposed the organisation and its leadership to greater strain in sustaining the united front once the impulse of the agitation had subsided and provincial, regional and sectarian forces began to re-assert themselves with a vengeance. The price of a tenuous unity in 1920 was increased competition and disruption within the Congress throughout the decade; a whirlpool of differences which, to many contemporaries in the thick of events, threatened to overwhelm it.

The Similarities and Differences of Migraine with Aura and Migraine Without Aura: A Preliminary Study

Cephalalgia ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ranson ◽  
H Igarashi ◽  
EA MacGregor ◽  
M Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Migraine Attack ◽  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City

A preliminary study was undertaken to provide clinical evidence to support the hypothesis that: “Migraine with aura, migraine without aura and aura alone are the same condition, which differ in degree rather than pathophysiology.” At the City of London Migraine Clinic, 50 patients consecutively attending the clinic with a past or present history of migraine with aura were questioned. Of the 50 patients questioned 36 (70%) had a combination of migraine with aura, migraine without aura and/or aura alone; i.e. 70% had had more than one type of migraine attack. The duration, severity and frequency of attacks did not differ between migraine with and migraine without aura. Conclusion-the results support the hypothesis that migraine with and migraine without aura, and aura alone are not separate conditions, because: (1) most patients suffer from more than one type of migraine attack; (2) there are no significant differences in the characteristics of the migraine attacks in the different groups; (3) there are no significant differences in the characteristics of the subjects.

Towards Muslim Solidarity in Freetown

Africa ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Proudfoot
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
East Side ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Political Force ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The City ◽  
Islamic Society

Opening ParagraphThe prime part taken by the Christian Church in the foundation and development of Sierra Leone has confronted local Muslims with a challenge to their powers of association and organization to which their response is still a vital social and political force. A recent article in Africa described the tendency of Muslims in the city of Freetown to construct their mosques and order their corporate life within tribal groups, rather than in one tribally undifferentiated Islamic society. This article sets out to document the complementary drive towards Muslim unity. The dramatic, faction-ridden, aspiring character of the East side of Freetown is largely the result of the tension between these two conflicting forces.

scholarly journals A Unique Manuscript of the Shibanid Epoch from the Fund of the Center of the Written Heritage of Tajikistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-132
Author(s):  
Lola N. Dodkhudoeva
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Political History ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Ideological Struggle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City

The article introduces the results of a preliminary study of the unique work, the Manaqib al-khulafa (The Virtues/Excellences of the Caliphs) compiled by Qawam ad-Din Muhammad al-Husaini alSanaujiradi al-Ziyaratgahi al-Harawi in 997/1588. This is a response to the protest message of the Shiites of Herat, who survived the siege and capture of the city by the Sunnis the Shibanid troops. The Manaqib recreates the early stages of the history of Islam before the split caused by the difference in the understanding of principles of the supreme political power (elective or hereditary) transfer and reveals the virtues of the four righteous caliphs. Fragments of the Quran and hadiths cited in the treatise present irrefutable evidence of the Sunnis superiority over Shiism. The treatise is an excellent example of polemical literature of bitter ideological struggle between two orthodoxies Sunni and Shiite and contains valuable information on the religious and political history of Eurasia in the premodern period.

Network building and political power in northwestern Sierra Leone, 1800–65

Africa ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen M. Howard ◽  
David E. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Interregional Trade ◽  
Network Building ◽  
Political Networks ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Wealth Rank

Opening ParagraphThe study of social, economic and political networks provides a new perspective on the history of northwestern Sierra Leone and neighbouring parts of Guinea during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This article concerns the men and women of wealth, rank and power who built and maintained local and extensive networks focused on towns in northwestern Sierra Leone, Port Loko and Kambia, at two time periods,c.1800 andc.1865. These activities involved the production and exchange of resources; the migration, settlement and intermarriage of families; and the creation, expansion and fission of households, alliances and other groups. Network analysis illuminates major historical changes, such as the development of towns, kingdoms and interregional trade systems. Furthermore, it reveals the shifting nature of ethnic identities, particularly among the Mande. And finally, it helps to show how society in the northwest became more class differentiated as internal and external commerce expanded.

The Establishment of the Medina in Dakar, Senegal, 1914

Africa ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond F. Betts
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
The West ◽  
Administrative Policy ◽  
Urban Problem ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The City ◽  
European Populations

Opening ParagraphWhile the social history of Dakar, Senegal, exhibits many of the characteristics common to most Eurafrican cities on the West coast, the rather abrupt manner in which the policy of residential segregation replaced the earlier pattern of co-existence, if not integration, of the African and European populations merits particular attention. The establishment of the Medina—the ‘native quarter’, to employ the colonial idiom of the day—was the most decisive and significant action taken by the French authorities in the history of the city. Yet this decision resulted from no carefully considered change in administrative policy, which had been somewhat laissez-faire in residential matters, but rather was hastily urged after the outbreak of a severe epidemic of bubonic plague in 1914. What began medically was to become, however, a major social and urban problem.

The dissolution of Freetown City Council in 1926: a negative example of political apprenticeship in colonial Sierra Leone

Africa ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-438
Author(s):  
Akintola J. G. Wyse
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
City Council ◽  
Prison Sentence ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Opening ParagraphFreetown City Council, established in 1893, was the victim of a colonial government which concentrated authority in white hands and resented the survival of a municipality run by Africans. Successive governors regularly presented it as a scapegoat, along with the whole Krio community, for disturbances in Freetown, notably the 1919 anti-Syrian riots and the 1926 railway strike. In 1925 financial malpractices in the council were disclosed and some officials were prosecuted. The following year the Mayor, Cornelius May, editor of the leading newspaper, the Sierra Leone Weekly News, and a highly respected public figure, was charged with conspiracy to defraud, along with the Town Clerk and the City Treasurer, and was given a nine-month prison sentence. Then, on the recommendation of a Commission of Inquiry, the City Council was dissolved and replaced by a Municipal Board.

History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Gregorovius ◽  
Annie Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
The Middle Ages
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document