The dissolution of Freetown City Council in 1926: a negative example of political apprenticeship in colonial Sierra Leone

Africa ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-438
Author(s):  
Akintola J. G. Wyse
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
City Council ◽  
Prison Sentence ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Opening ParagraphFreetown City Council, established in 1893, was the victim of a colonial government which concentrated authority in white hands and resented the survival of a municipality run by Africans. Successive governors regularly presented it as a scapegoat, along with the whole Krio community, for disturbances in Freetown, notably the 1919 anti-Syrian riots and the 1926 railway strike. In 1925 financial malpractices in the council were disclosed and some officials were prosecuted. The following year the Mayor, Cornelius May, editor of the leading newspaper, the Sierra Leone Weekly News, and a highly respected public figure, was charged with conspiracy to defraud, along with the Town Clerk and the City Treasurer, and was given a nine-month prison sentence. Then, on the recommendation of a Commission of Inquiry, the City Council was dissolved and replaced by a Municipal Board.

scholarly journals Two “Identical” Freiburg Charters of 1275. Short Draft

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Pavel Blokhin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
City Council ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Introduction. In 1275, two drafts of town law of Freiburg im Breisgau were created. This article presents an analysis of one of these texts, namely the short draft. Methods and materials. The main research method is comparative historical analysis. The contents of two charters are compared, namely the 1218 Rodel draft and the short draft of 1275. Analysis. There are 6 thematic clusters uniting the laws by branches of law: 1) privileges of citizens and rights of the Town Lord; 2) criminal procedure law; 3) civil law; 4) town administration; 5) trade law; 6) various laws. The first part of the laws from the short draft is a translation of the Rodelian laws, the second one represents reformulated Rodelian norms, while the last one contains new laws in the legislation of Freiburg. Results. Though the document did not become an official town charter, it manifested the changes in the town law of the 13th century, compared to the previous 1218 Town Charter. In addition, the laws in the draft reflected the political struggle for power between the Town Lord of Freiburg, the City Council of 24 and the town community. The Town Lord regained his previously lost rights, in particular the legislative initiative. However, at the same time, the short draft significantly limited Lord’s arbitrariness towards the property of citizens as well as Freiburg citizens themselves. According to the short draft, the City Council of 24 strengthened and expanded its power in the town, becoming a full-fledged legislative and executive body of the town administration. The town community, on the other hand, was losing its privileges and rights, for example, it lost the opportunity to elect some of the civil servants and members of the Council of 24.

scholarly journals Delta Project, Towards a Sustainable Campus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Hugo ◽  
Felipe Espinoza ◽  
Ivetheyamel Morales ◽  
Elías Ortiz ◽  
Saúl Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
City Council ◽  
Business Community ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Living Lab ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
External Actors ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The University of Guayaquil, which shares the same name as the city where it is located, faces the challenge of transforming its image for the XXI century. It was deemed necessary to identify details about the urban evolution of the historic link with the city, in relation to the changes produced by the project’s siting and its direct area of influence. The goal is to integrate the main university campus within a framework which guarantees sustainability and allows innovation in the living lab. To achieve this, the action research method was applied, focused on participation and the logic framework. For the diagnosis, proposal, and management model, integrated working groups were organized with internal users such as professors, students, and university authorities, and external actors such as residents, the local business community, Guayaquil city council, and the Governorate of Guayas. As result of the diagnosis, six different analysis dimensions were established which correspond to the new urban agenda for the future campus: compactness, inclusiveness, resilience, sustainability, safety and participation. As a proposal, the urban design integrates the analysis dimensions whose financing and execution are given by the Town Hall, at the same time the Governorate integrates the campus with its network of community police headquarters.

W. R. Bascom and the Ife bronzes

Africa ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Tignor
Keyword(s):  
American Anthropologist ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
The Us ◽  
Eventual Return ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Small Museum

Opening ParagraphIn 1938 an African building a house in the city of Ife, the cultural capital of the Yorubas and the mythical cradle of Yoruba civilisation, came upon an extraordinary cache of ancient Nigerian bronzes. In all, at least fifteen bronzes were uncovered in 1938 in a compound only 100 yards from the palace of the Oni of Ife. These bronzes were to prove of great historical and artistic significance. Until that time only two other bronzes had been unearthed in the Yoruba area, and one of those had disappeared, leaving Nigeria only a single original and a replica. In the disposition of the priceless new finds there ensued a tale of intrigue, prevarication, outraged nationalism, and narrow-minded ethnocentricism that drew into its maelstrom the British colonial government of Nigeria, the US Consulate in Lagos, and the USA's Department of State. Although the Ife bronzes, which today reside in a handsome if small museum in the city of Ife, are not so well known as, for example, the Elgin marbles or certain other antiquities taken from the Third World, the controversy surrounding their removal from Nigeria and their eventual return was filled with the same emotion and employed the same arguments heard today over the rightful location of national cultural treasures. The Nigerian dispute is made all the more poignant in that one of the major protagonists was not a money-seeking antiquities dealer, but a young American anthropologist destined to be one of the most astute and sympathetic interpreters of Yoruba culture.

The Organization of Traditional Weaving in Iseyin, Nigeria

Africa ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labour ◽  
North West ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Industrial Employment ◽  
Postal Services ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Economic Specialization ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Opening ParagraphThe Yoruba town of Iseyin, 55 miles north-west of the city of Ibadan, is a traditional settlement with little economic specialization or division of labour other than according to sex. There is no factory development or industrial employment in the town. In the local tax returns for 1966, 88 per cent of the male taxpayers recorded farming as their primary occupation and the basis of the town's economy is still agricultural. Iseyin is now influenced by modern media of communication, however—by road, radio and the postal services—and its economy is responding to consumer demands in the large cities of Ibadan, Abeokuta and Lagos, in addition to those of its own locality. This applies also to the hand-weaving products for which Iseyin is well-known throughout Nigeria.

“What Shall We Do With It?” Finding A Place for Alfons Mucha and His Slav Epic

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 203-227
Author(s):  
Marta Filipová
Keyword(s):  
City Council ◽  
The Political ◽  
Physical Location ◽  
European Context ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Negative Comments ◽  
History And Myth ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Home Region

Not very often does a work of art, which provoked very mixed reactions at the time of its completion, continue to stir the political and cultural waters nearly one hundred years later. The Slav Epic, a series of twenty large canvases created by Alfons Mucha (1860–1939) between 1909 and 1926 on the topic of Slavic history and myth, is such a work, and it has provoked critical comments from Czech art historians, politicians, and journalists. The most recent disputes, which have arisen in the last couple of years, concern the city council of Prague, which has expressed a wish to house the work somewhere in Prague in fulfillment of the artist's wishes, and the town of Moravský Krumlov in Mucha's home region, where the Epic was exhibited for forty years and lays claims to it as well. The debate about its physical location has also been joined by a number of public figures, including Mucha's grandson and the secretary to the then Czech president Václav Klaus, who called the Epic “the kitsch of the millennium” and “sheer Pan-Slavic propaganda.” Such negative comments only highlight the fact that the Slav Epic continues to generate controversy and has not yet found its place in the Czech, let alone European, context.

Towards Muslim Solidarity in Freetown

Africa ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Proudfoot
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
East Side ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Political Force ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The City ◽  
Islamic Society

Opening ParagraphThe prime part taken by the Christian Church in the foundation and development of Sierra Leone has confronted local Muslims with a challenge to their powers of association and organization to which their response is still a vital social and political force. A recent article in Africa described the tendency of Muslims in the city of Freetown to construct their mosques and order their corporate life within tribal groups, rather than in one tribally undifferentiated Islamic society. This article sets out to document the complementary drive towards Muslim unity. The dramatic, faction-ridden, aspiring character of the East side of Freetown is largely the result of the tension between these two conflicting forces.

scholarly journals Aproximación al concejo de la ciudad de Santiago de Compostela y su configuración en la Edad Media. Un poder urbano en el señorío eclesiástico = An Initial Examination of the City Council of Santiago de Compostela and its Configuration between the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. An Urban Power in the Ecclesiastical Lordship

2019 ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Xosé M. Sánchez Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
City Council ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Santiago De Compostela ◽  
Town Council ◽  
Political Relationships ◽  
Urban Institution ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

El estudio de la ciudad medieval de Santiago de Compostela viene marcado generalmente por el ámbito eclesiástico, materializado en su catedral, el episcopado y la peregrinación. Estos análisis han dejado ciertos segmentos necesitados de profundidad a la hora de definir las relaciones sociales y de poder político en una de las principales urbes peninsulares de señorío eclesiástico; es el caso, principalmente, del poder concejil y su relación con el poder feudal compostelano. Este artículo ofrece una aproximación y sistematización monográfica de la institución urbana en los siglos medievales, atendiendo principalmente a sus integrantes (justicias, notarios y guardianes del sello, a los que se añaden luego regidores y homes boos) en tiempos del concilium y del regimiento, y a las funciones que desarrolla, a saber: urbanismo; justicia; orden público; economía común; y abastecimiento y comercio.AbstractThe study of the medieval city of Santiago de Compostela is generally centred on the ecclesiastical sphere, characterized by its cathedral, the episcopacy and the pilgrimage route. This analysis has left certain segments of study in need of further research in order to define social and political relationships in one of the main Peninsular cities of ecclesiastical lordship. This is primarily the case of the town council and its relation to the main Compostelan feudal power. This article offers an initial examination of the urban institution in the later medieval period. The purpose is to unveil its structure after a brief look at its evolution up to the later Middle Ages. This analysis will focus on its members in the second half of the thirteenth century (justices, notaries and keepers of the seal); the materialization of power as viewed in the records of the first third of the fourteenth century with respect to a royal privilege negotiated by the prelate Berenguel de Landoira; and with the members of the town council in the fifteenth century and the consent of the regidores and procuradores. The analysis will conclude with a sketch of the main functions assumed by the institution, namely urbanism, justice, public order, economic issues, and supply and trade.

scholarly journals Church mothers of Mbare Township: In memory of Mrs Elizabeth Maria Ayema (Mai Musodzi) and Sr Barbara Tredgold

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Gundani
Keyword(s):  
Black People ◽  
City Council ◽  
Outstanding Contribution ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Name Change ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Public Consultations ◽  
The City ◽  
Christian Leaders ◽  
Important Site

The changing of place names (e.g. street and public buildings) often accompanies change of governments, particularly in countries where one ideology has triumphed over another. This was the case in Zimbabwe following the triumph of ZANU-PF over the settler colonial government of Ian Smith, in 1980. Harari Township, the oldest black suburb in the then city of Salisbury (also renamed Harare), underwent name change in 1982 and was renamed Mbare. Public consultations by the City Council resulted in the changing of the street names that brought about a changeover in Township’s ondonyms. Streets and public buildings were renamed after persons who had made outstanding contribution to the development of the Township. Among those honoured were two outstanding female Christian leaders, Mrs Elizabeth Maria Ayema (popularly known as Mai Musodzi) and Barbra Tredgold. Incidentally, these were the only two women after whom a street and a public amenity were named. In this article, we investigate the contribution that these two women made to Mbare Township to deserve the honour bequeathed on them by the residents of Mbare. In the article, we acknowledge that Mai Musodzi and Barbara Tredgold were honoured because they were among the illustrious leaders, who served the Township with distinction. By honouring their memory, residents of Mbare were, by implication, making a commitment to live by the values that the two stalwarts stood for. In our conclusion, we argue that the tribute accorded to the two reflects the consensus of the residents of Mbare that Christian values that the two had lived by were an important site of struggle for marginalised black people, who made the ghetto-like ‘Location’ a homely habitat.

scholarly journals THE SEAPLANE BASE IVO MONTI AT S. NICOLA VARANO (FG): A MONUMENT OF MILITARY ARCHEOLOGY, BETWEEN HISTORY AND PROTECTION

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-5/W1 ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mariano ◽  
M. Saracco ◽  
L. Petetta
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Robustness Analysis ◽  
City Council ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Framework Agreement ◽  
Geometric Mapping ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Built in the years between 1915 and 1918, and located on the west bank of the “Varano” Lake, a bay running along the village of “Cagnano Varano”, the “Ivo Monti” seaplane base was erected on a pre-existing medieval settlement which belonged to the Benedictine Monks from the town of “San Nicola Imbuti”. <br><br> During WWI, this seaplane base was turned, from a simple water airport, into a strategic military base for floatplanes. As a matter of fact, the large lagoon could be used as landing spot for the planes sent off to patrol the dalmatic coast, one of the historical regions of Croatia, then controlled by the Austrians. <br><br> After WWI, after the seaplane became an outdated technology, the “Ivo Monti” base was progressively dismantled and then totally abandoned at the beginning of the 1950s. <br><br> In 2014, considering the historical relevance of this site and the unmistakable architectural value of its elements, a research framework agreement was signed between the “DICEA” Department of Marche Polytechnic University and the city council of the town hosting the site, aimed at the development of shared scientific research projects revolving around the study, the valorisation, and the restoration of the military complex in question, which had been in a complete state of decay and neglect for too long. <br><br> The still ongoing research project mentioned presents two main missions: the first is the historical reconstruction, the geometric mapping, and the robustness analysis of the ruins, by studying and faithfully representing the state of deterioration of the building materials and of the facilities; the second is the identification and the testing of potential architectural solutions for the conversion and the reuse of the site and of its facilities.

scholarly journals NIZHYN MAGISTRATE: HISTORY AND PRINCIPLES OF RESTORATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Vitalii Ostapchuk
Keyword(s):  
City Council ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Bell Tower ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Original Part ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Storey Building

This article reveals the historical and urban significance of the magistrate in the town of Nizhyn, and explaines the necessity of its reconstruction. There is a description of restoration reconstruction methods. This work also gives the examples of reproduction of historical buildings around the world and in Ukraine. The author's approach to reproduction and ways of using a rebuilt building had been proposed in this article.In 1625 Nizhyn granted the Magdeburg Law. It meant that the town became self-governing. The magistrate was responsible for the administration, household and law. The magistrate building was the center of the composition of the Cathedral Square and played a key role in the town-planning ensemble.The new brick building was erected instead of the wooden one by Andrii Kvasov which had been damaged by fire at the end of XVIII century. It was two-storey building in the style of classicism with trading rows beside. Unfortunately, the building was ruined due to the series of unpleasant occasions. But there are the architect Kartashevskiy’s drawings of the magistrate which he made during the building repair. So it is possible to do the restoration reconstruction which means the construction of a new structure in the same place and in the same forms as previously existing object.There are a lot of examples of reproduction of the historical buildings in the world such as an Old Town in Warsaw, Riga Town Hall in Latvia, the Saint Marco Cathedra’s bell tower in Venice, Saint Michael’s Cathedral in Kyiv etc.The only part of building which is preserved now is the underground floor filled in with soil. So the reconstructed building must be separated from the original part. In order to achieve this, basement should be strengthened and restored first. The new building must be placed on the platform with pile foundation apart from the basement. The reproduced building can be used with its original purpose. It is possible to move the part of the City Council there or the museum of the Magdeburg Law.Moreover, the reconstruction of the magistrate is important now because of the 400 year anniversary of the granting Nizhyn a Magdeburg Law in 2025.

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