Towards Muslim Solidarity in Freetown

Opening ParagraphThe study of women in Sierra Leone has been well launched. Except for the work of Carol P. MacCormack (formerly Hoffer) on political leadership and socio-economic development among Mende and Sherbro women (1972, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1981, 1982), most of this scholarship focuses on women in Freetown, mainly the Krio. Filomena Steady (1975, 1976) has analysed Krio women's leadership in church and political organisations. The history of their economic contribution to the evolution of the city has been discussed by E. Frances White (1976, 1978, 1981a, b). Gender relationships in modern marriage have been examined by Barbara Harrell-Bond (1975). In addition, there are a number of biographical studies of prominent leaders: Paramount Chief Madam Yoko (Hoffer, 1974), Adelaide Casely Hayford (Okonkwo, 1985; Cromwell, 1986), Constance A. Cummings-John (Denzer, 1981, forthcoming a, b), Hannah S. Benka Coker (Metzger, 1973: 50–2), and Lottie Hamilton-Hazeley (Metzger, 1973: 52–3). On the basis of this body of work it is possible to study more closely the contribution of women in modern politics in Freetown and the socioeconomic forces behind their participation. This account covers the period from the emergence of the proto-nationalist movement, the National Congress of British West Africa (NCBWA), up to the campaign for independence.

Download Full-text

Photography in Sierra Leone, 1850–1918

Africa ◽

10.2307/1159896 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 510-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Vera Viditz-Ward

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Sierra Leone ◽

Photograph Albums ◽

Sierra Leonean ◽

Starting Point ◽

Colonial Archives ◽

History Of ◽

Opening Paragraph ◽

The City ◽

European Technology

Opening ParagraphIn recent years scholars have shown considerable interest in the early use of photography by non-Western peoples. Research on nineteenth-century Indian, Japanese and Chinese photography has revealed a rich synthesis of European and Asian imagery. These early photographs show how non-Western peoples created new forms of artistic expression by adapting European technology and visual idioms for their own purposes. Because of the long history of contact between Sierra Leoneans and Europeans, Freetown seemed a logical starting point for similar photographic research in West Africa. The information presented here is based on ten years of searching for nineteenth-century photographs made by Sierra Leonean photographers. To locate these pictures, I have visited Freetonians and viewed their family portraits and photograph albums, interviewed contemporary photographers throughout Sierra Leone, and researched in the various colonial archives in England to locate photographs preserved from the period of colonial rule. I have discovered that a community of African photographers has worked in the city of Freetown since the very invention of photography. The article reviews the first phase of this unique photographic tradition, 1850–1918, and focuses on several of the African photographers who worked in Freetown during this period.

Download Full-text

The dissolution of Freetown City Council in 1926: a negative example of political apprenticeship in colonial Sierra Leone

Africa ◽

10.2307/1159892 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 422-438

Author(s):

Akintola J. G. Wyse

Keyword(s):

Sierra Leone ◽

City Council ◽

Prison Sentence ◽

Public Figure ◽

Opening Paragraph ◽

Colonial Government ◽

The City ◽

The Town

Opening ParagraphFreetown City Council, established in 1893, was the victim of a colonial government which concentrated authority in white hands and resented the survival of a municipality run by Africans. Successive governors regularly presented it as a scapegoat, along with the whole Krio community, for disturbances in Freetown, notably the 1919 anti-Syrian riots and the 1926 railway strike. In 1925 financial malpractices in the council were disclosed and some officials were prosecuted. The following year the Mayor, Cornelius May, editor of the leading newspaper, the Sierra Leone Weekly News, and a highly respected public figure, was charged with conspiracy to defraud, along with the Town Clerk and the City Treasurer, and was given a nine-month prison sentence. Then, on the recommendation of a Commission of Inquiry, the City Council was dissolved and replaced by a Municipal Board.

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Kotbah, Musik Gereja Dan Fasilitas Gereja Terhadap Tingkat Kehadiran Jemaat

Journal Kerusso ◽

10.33856/kerusso.v1i1.42 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Frederich Oscar Lontoh

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression Analysis ◽

Church Music ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Target Population ◽

The Other ◽

Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽

Christian Church ◽

The City

This research is titled " The influence of sermon, church music and church facilities on the level of attendance”. The purpose of research is to identify and analyze whether sermon, church music and church facilities have influence on the the level of attendance. The target population in this study is a Christian church members who live in the city of Surabaya.. Sample required is equal to 47 respondents. Through sampling stratified Random techniques.These influence was measured using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis, t-test and analysis of variance. Descriptive analysis were taken to analyze the level of attendance according to demographic groups.The hypothesis in this study are the sermon, church music and church facilities have positive and significant on the level of attendance. The results showed that collectively, there are positive and significant correlation among the sermon, church music and church facilities on the level of attendance 96,2%. It means that 96,2 % of level of attendance influenced by sermon, church music and church facilities and the other 28,9% by others. All of the variable partially have significant correlation to level of attendance.

Download Full-text

1787–1887–1987: reflections on a Sierra Leone bicentenary

Africa ◽

10.2307/1159891 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 411-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Christopher Fyfe

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

Fifteenth Century ◽

Sierra Leone ◽

Forest Belt ◽

Long Period ◽

Language Pattern ◽

Long Time ◽

Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphSeen in the widest perspective, 1787 is only one date among the uncounted tens, perhaps hundreds, of thousands of years during which the present Sierra Leone has been inhabited. Archaeologists have done disappointingly little work there. But it is clear from their findings (and by implication from findings in the rest of forest-belt West Africa) that people have lived there a very long time. Though traditional historiography always tends to present the peoples of Sierra Leone as immigrants from somewhere else, the language pattern suggests continuous occupation over a very long period. As Paul Hair (1967) has shown, there has been a striking linguistic continuity in coastal West Africa since the fifteenth century. Nor is there evidence to suggest that before that period stability and continuity were not the norm.

Download Full-text

Farmers’ Perspective on Sociological and Environmental Issues of Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture: A Case Study from Western and Southern Regions of Sierra Leone

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n7p186 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 186

Author(s):

Osman Nabay ◽

Abdul R. Conteh ◽

Alusaine E. Samura ◽

Emmanuel S. Hinckley ◽

Mohamed S. Kamara

Keyword(s):

Sierra Leone ◽

Urban Agriculture ◽

Environmental Aspect ◽

Financial Organization ◽

The Social ◽

Alternative Means ◽

Household Assets ◽

Almost All ◽

The City

The paper examined and brought to the fore the typical characteristic of urban and peri-urban farmers in Freetown and Bo communities which serves as major source of supply of agricultural products into the cities’ markets. The social and environmental aspect and perception of producers involved in urban and peri-urban agriculture was examined. Descriptive statistics and pictograms were used to analyze and present the data. Results indicate that 56.34% never went to formal school and mostly dominated by women, showing that farming became the alternative means of livelihood support for those groups. Crops grown are purely influenced by market orientation—demand and cost, as is evident in Gloucester (lettuce, cabbage and spring onions). Potato leaves were commonly grown in almost all communities, reason being that it serves as common/major sauce/vegetable cooked in every household in Sierra Leone. Maize and rice were featured in Ogoo farm—government supervised land set aside purposely for growing crops to supply the city. Findings also revealed that majority of the farmers are resource poor, judging from calculation about their monthly income earning and available household assets and amenities. About 70.4% of the lands the farmers grow their crops on is leased for production. Except for Gloucester community, when costs of production will be summed, minimal benefit seem to be realized from the farming activities. Even though some of these farmers are engaged in organization, many have limited access to micro financial organization that would probably loan them money to upscale production.

Download Full-text

ISLAMISASI DAN DAKWAH ALKHAIRAAT DALAM MASYARAKAT MAJEMUK DI KOTA MANADO TAHUN 1947-1960

Aqlam Journal of Islam and Plurality ◽

10.30984/ajip.v2i1.508 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Aisyiah Rasyid

Keyword(s):

Research Finding ◽

Public Spaces ◽

Cultural Changes ◽

Colonial Era ◽

Critical History ◽

The City ◽

Islamic Society

Penelitian ini berusaha menjelaskan proses Islamisasi di Manado di mana dakwah Alkhairaat sebagai objeknya, karena dianggap memiliki peran penting dalam proses Islamisasi tersebut, terutama dalam mengimbangi dan membendung arus missionaris pada masa kolonial. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sejarah yang dibatasi dari tahun 1947-1960. Pembatasan ini dikarenakan pada tahun 1947 pendidikan dan dakwah Akhairaat mulai menjamur dan turut mewarnai semaraknya penggunaan ruang di Manado pascakolonial. Pada tahun 1960, dakwah Alkhairaat semakin terlihat dengan didirikannya pesantren Alkhairaat, yang terletak di Komo Luar, sebagai pesantren pertama di Manado. Penggunaan metode sejarah: heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi dan historiografi, tentunya menjadi keharusan dalam penelitian ini guna mendapatkan karya ilmiah yang bersifat sejarah kritis. Hasil penelitian kemudian menunjukkan proses Islamisasi dan perkembangan Islam di Manado pada pertengahan abad ke-20, tidak terlepas dari peran penting Alkhairaat di bidang dakwah dan pendidikan. Sejak tahun 1947 mcgf eadrasah Alkhairaat telah menjamur di Manado, hingga pada tahun 1960 berdirilah pesantren Alkhairaat pertama di Komo Luar Manado. Pada rentan waktu yang bersamaan juga terjadi perubahan sosial-budaya masyarakat Islam Manado yang menonjolkan sikap tawasuth (moderat), tasammuh (toleransi), tawazzun (seimbang), dan ta’addul (adil), yang kesemuanya mencerminkan nilai-nilai agama. Kata Kunci: Islamisasi, dakwah Alkhairaat, masyarakat majemuk, Kota ManadoIslamization and Al-Khairat Da’wah in Compound Society in the city of Manado between 1947-1960This research tries to explain the process of Islamization in Manado where the Alkhairaat Da’wah as the object, as it is viewed to have important role in the process, especially to offset and stem the missionary during the colonial era. This research is a historical one limited to the 1947-1960 period of time. The limitation is due to the fact that in 1947, the Alkhairat education and da’wah started blossoming and put color in public spaces in the postcolonial Manado. In 1960, the Alkhairaat da’wah became more visible for the establishment of their pesantren located in Komo Luar as the first pesantren in Manado. Heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography are essential methods in order to achieve a critical history. The research finding then shows that Islamization process and Islamic progress in Manado in mid 20 AD can be separated from the important role of Alkhairaat in da’wah and education. In the same period of time, Socio-cultural changes occur among Islamic society in Manado that promote views of tawasuth (moderat) tasammuh (tolerant), tawazzun (balance), and taaddul (fair) which reflect the religion views.Keywords: the Alkhairaat da’wah, Ccompound society, the City of Manado

Download Full-text

POLA PENGEMBANGAN PARAGRAF PEMBUKA DALAM BERITA UTAMA KORAN DI CIREBON DAN DI BOGOR JAWA BARAT (The Development Pattern of Opening Paragraph in the Newspaper Headlines in the City of Bogor and Cirebon West Java)

Sirok Bastra ◽

10.37671/sb.v7i1.153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dindin Samsudin

Keyword(s):

Print Media ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Development Pattern ◽

West Java ◽

Small Unit ◽

The Public ◽

Opening Paragraph ◽

The City ◽

Descriptive Method

Di dalam sebuah naskah berita media cetak, terdapat bagian yang agak menjorok ke dalam yang disebut dengan paragraf. Dari kumpulan paragraf inilah para pembaca menerima segala informasi terkait hal-hal yang dibacanya. Meskipun industri media mengalami perkembangan, media cetak masih mendapat perhatian yang cukup besar dari khalayak hingga saat ini. Agar tidak kehilangan pembacanya, media cetak harus menyajikan berita-berita yang akurat dan mendalam dari peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi dalam masyarakat. Keakuratan sebuah berita tergantung pada setiap kalimat yang terdapat dalam paragraf yang baik karena paragraf merupakan kesatuan kecil dalam naskah berita untuk menyampaikan suatu maksud. Sebuah paragraf yang baik di antaranya harus memiliki unsur kesatuan, kepaduan, kelengkapan, dan keruntutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan metode pola pengembangan paragraf yang ada dalam naskah berita utama di koran yang ada di wilayah Kota Cirebon dan Bogor Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum, Pola pengembangan paragraf pembuka dalam naskah berita utama di koran yang terbit di wilayah Cirebon dan Bogor Jawa Barat terdiri atas tiga metode, yaitu kronologi, sebab-akibat, dan ilustrasi. In the news script of print media, there is a part that is indented that we called paragraph. From the unity of these paragraphs, the readers can receive all the information related to the things that they've read. Although the industry of media has developed, until now print media still have considerable attention from the public. In order not to lose its reader, print media must present in-depth and accurate news from the events and incidents that occur in society. The accuracy of news depends on each sentence contained in a good paragraph because the paragraph is a small unit of news script that's used to convey an intention. A good paragraph must include these elements of unity, cohesion, completeness, and coherence. This study aimed to reveal the method of the development pattern of opening paragraph in headlines script of the newspapers published in the City of Bogor and Cirebon, West Java Province. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive method. The result of this study showed that generally, the development pattern of opening paragraph in headlines script of newspapers published in the City of Bogor and Cirebon consists of three methods, namely chronology, causation, and illustration.

Download Full-text

Impact of Diakonia, Koinonia and Marturia Services for the Growth of the Indonesian Christian Church Resident Sudirman Surabaya

Journal Didaskalia ◽

10.33856/didaskalia.v3i2.193 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 38-49

Author(s):

Wimpie Tanojo

Keyword(s):

Church Growth ◽

Human Life ◽

Theoretical Data ◽

Field Research ◽

Main Task ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Christian Church ◽

The Impact ◽

The City ◽

The Church

The ministries of Diakonia, Koinonia and Marturia are the foundation of a church, meaning that a church that is aware of its duty and calling on this earth must rely on these three ministries. It can be said that the true main duty of the church is reflected in the ministry of Diakonia, Koinonia and Marturia. Based on this main task, the church must be able to demonstrate and impart the life of Diakonia, Koinonia and Marturia with the aim of impacting and changing human life. This is what the Ressud Sudirman Surabaya Indonesian Christian Church is aware of in the context of its duties and vocation as a church that has been present in the midst of the Surabaya community, of course its presence is required to fulfill God's plan to become salt and light, a blessing for the surrounding community in general and the congregation in particular. through Diakonia, Koinonia and Marturia's ministry. This research uses a descriptive method. The author directly conducts research, both literature and field research. Bibliography that contains various theoretical data related to topic material from various sources of information which contains important statements to support the accuracy of the research. In addition, this research is also complemented by field research either through questionnaires or direct interviews with several trusted sources including congregants, church activists, servants, sympathizers so that the results of the research present a strong and accurate combination because they are supported by strong theoretical aspects but are also followed by field research evidence. The purpose of this study: first to realize how important the services of Diakonia, Koinonia and Marturia are for the growth of the Indonesian Christian Church in Ressud Surabaya in particular and to the Lord's church in general. Second, the Church is aware of her duty and calling on this earth which has been mandated by God to be her witness so that the impact is evident in church growth both in quality and quantity. Third, the Church of God has the correct concept of the impact of the ministry of Diakonia, Koinonia and Marturia on church growth from the perspective of Missiology, Theology and Ecclesiology. Based on the research conducted by the author, the results obtained are how the extraordinary impact of the services of Diakonia, Koinonia and Marturia on the growth of the Indonesian Christian Church Ressud Surabaya. This is evidenced by the increasing number of church members from year to year and the increasing quality of the congregation's faith. By having a correct understanding of the ministry of Diakonia, Koinonia and Marturia, the congregation will be more active and diligent in carrying out the duties and responsibilities that have been mandated by God to become a blessing, to become salt and light in this world, in various forms of diaconial services such as selling rice. cheap for the congregation and partly distributed by the surrounding community, cheap medical treatment and even free for the congregation and the poor by establishing a polyclinic "Waluyojati", scholarships for underprivileged congregations ranging from elementary, junior high and even vocational levels, house renovation program held 1 a year one to two times for the congregation. In the form of Koinonia, it can be seen from the congregation that is divided into several sectors or regions, the congregation will continue to grow and increase even out of the city, namely Lamongan, Denpasar and even to Batam, the Denpasar congregation was institutionalized in 2003, while in the city of Surabaya the Indonesian Christian Church Lebak Jaya was matured in 1994 and the Kutisari area in 1998 was instituted simultaneously in 1998 the Batam Indonesian Christian Church was also institutionalized where the Batam Indonesia Christian Church is the fruit of the ministry of several Indonesian Christian Churches including the Indonesian Christian Church Ressud in it. The goal is to be a witness through this service, but the most important of this research is that the Indonesian Christian Church congregation in Ressud is a congregation that has marturia diaconiality, while the implementation of Marturia directly or verbally is not optimal, this is also acknowledged by the council is a local church based on interviews and research based on a questionnaire.

Download Full-text

Mosque-Building and Tribal Separatism in Freetown East

Africa ◽

10.2307/1157929 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 405-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Proudfoot

Keyword(s):

Sierra Leone ◽

Near East ◽

Architectural Style ◽

Ecclesiastical Architecture ◽

Opening Paragraph ◽

New Buildings ◽

Foundation Stone

Opening ParagraphOf recent years many mosques have been built in Sierra Leone, while in Freetown itself the number and character of these new buildings is transforming the Eastern Ward into a visibly Islamic city. Several of the new Freetown mosques are alike in their ambitious scale, their architectural style, and in being associated with a particular sponsoring tribe. The older mosques, even the two or three which were built of permanent materials, were small in scale, had but few architectural pretensions, and were communal rather than tribal in character. The new mosques—the Temne, the Mandinka, the Fula, and the Hausa—are all very large and advertise the ecclesiastical architecture of the Near East; a particular tribe was responsible for the building of each, and the tribal vernaculars are—except in the case of the Mandinka—either being used already within them, or about to be introduced. Moreover, the process is obviously continuing. The foundation-stone has been laid of a Limba mosque; land has been acquired and collections are being taken for a Mende mosque, and both are intended to be large buildings in the new style. Finally, a small Susumosque, scarcely finished as yet, is reported to be destined for demolition in order that it may be replaced by a more handsome structure.

Download Full-text