The Commission on Intergovernmental Relations: A Report to the President for Transmittal to the Congress. (Washington: Government Printing Office. 1955. Pp. xi, 311. $1.25). - A Description of Twenty-five Federal Grant-in-Aid Programs (Pp. vii, 179). Submitted to the Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1955.) - A Staff Report on Civil Defense and Urban Vulnerability (Pp. viii, 35). Submitted to the Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1955.) - A Staff Report on Federal Aid to Airports (Pp. viii, 137). Submitted to the Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1955.) - A Study Committee Report on Federal Aid to Agriculture (Pp. vii, 38). Submitted to the Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1955.) - A Study Committee Report on Federal Aid to Highways (Pp. viii, 40). Submitted to the Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1955.) - A Study Committee Report on Federal Aid to Public Health (Pp. viii, 53). Submitted to the Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1955.) - A Study Committee Report on Federal Aid to Welfare (Pp. ix, 115). Submitted to the Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1955.) - A Study Committee Report on Natural Resources and Conservation (Pp. vii, 35). Submitted to the Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1955.) - A Study Committee Report on Payments in Lieu of Taxes and Shared Revenues (Pp. ix, 197). Submitted to the Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1955.) - A Sub-Committee Report on Natural Disaster Relief (Pp. vii, 34). Submitted to the Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1955.) - A Survey Report on The Impact of Federal Grants-in-Aid on the Structure and Functions of State and Local Governments (Pp. vii, 489). Submitted to the Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1955.) - An Advisory Committee Report on Local Government (Pp. vii, 62). Submitted to the Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1955.) - Summaries of Survey Reports on The Administrative and Fiscal Impact of Federal Grants-in-Aid (Pp. xi, 120). Submitted to the Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1955.)

1956 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Wheare
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Government Printing ◽  
Committee Report ◽  
Federal Aid ◽  
Federal Grants ◽  
Federal Grant ◽  
Study Committee ◽  
The Impact

The Political Economy of Federalism

1985 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 994-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Chubb
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Federal System ◽  
Federal Grants ◽  
Federal Grant ◽  
White House ◽  
Grant Programs ◽  
Fiscal Behavior ◽  
Principal Agent Model ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Impact

This article introduces a theoretical framework and an econometric methodology for analyzing the increasingly important effects of the national government on the federal system. The framework is a synthesis of the dominant political and economic approaches to this issue: it attempts to capture key elements of the complex political and administrative processes that implementation research has identified in contemporary federalism, and to exploit formal models of local fiscal choice used to analyze the impact of federal grants on state and local spending and taxing. The vehicle for the synthesis is a principal-agent model which represents the federal system as a formal hierarchy extending from Congress and the president to subnational bureaucrats. An econometric analysis of two major federal grant programs in each state for the years, 1965-1979, demonstrates that 1) economic models alone cannot explain the effects of federal grants on subnational fiscal behavior; politics must be included, and 2) the political effects can be disaggregated into ideological and constituency-oriented demands made by Congress and the White House on federal grant agencies.

Distributive Politics and the Allocation of Federal Grants

1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Rich
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Distributive Politics ◽  
Federal Programs ◽  
Federal Grants ◽  
Federal Grant ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Grant Programs ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Over Time

Understanding the dynamics of policy distribution requires an appreciation of federal grant programs that have achieved a prominent place in nearly all areas of domestic policy. The theoretical literature on distributive politics, however, focuses almost exclusively on a centralized, top-down view of policy distribution. By examining the role of presidents, legislators, and bureaucrats, scholars have ignored participants who have become key actors in the distribution of federal expenditures—the recipient jurisdictions. This analysis of the allocation patterns under six federal programs shows that local governments exert important influences on the distribution of federal grants and that the distributional patterns and their determinants vary over time. The analysis also points out the importance of disaggregation by focusing on programs and recipient jurisdictions, as opposed to total federal expenditures and regions, states, or congressional districts.

The Evaluation of Intergovernmental Programs

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
R P Nathan
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Block Grant ◽  
Federal Grants ◽  
Federal Grant ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Grant Programs ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Policies And Programs

This paper is the introductory essay for a set of six papers in which a series of field network evaluation studies, conducted in the United States of America, on the effects of major changes in the grant-in-aid policies and programs of the national government are described. The studies, begun in 1972, focused on the effects of new grant programs on state and local governments and the services they provide. The five studies are of (1) the revenue sharing program, (2) the community development block grant program, (3) all federal grants-in-aid in eleven large cities in 1978, (4) the public service job-creation program, and (5) the cuts and changes in federal grant-in-aid program made under President Reagan. In this paper, the rationale, methodology, and history of these studies are described.

The Process of Program Phaseout: An Examination of the Dismantling of the US Public Service Employment Program

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-298
Author(s):  
S A MacManus
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Federal Grant ◽  
Public Service Employment ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Employment Program ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Service Employment ◽  
Program Expansion

This article examines the dynamics of the dismantling of a large US federal grant-in-aid program, the Public Service Employment Program (PSEP), to determine whether the same factors that affect program expansion affect program contraction, and in a similar manner. Specifically, an examination is made of: (1) the impact local fiscal and political pressures have on the reactions of three groups of local policymakers (elected officials; PSEP administrators; administrators of agencies employing PSEP workers); and (2) the relationship between these policymakers' reactions and changes in PSEP objectives. The units of analysis are forty-two local governments located across the USA (a representative sample). The time frame of the analysis is December 1979–December 1980—a period of rapid phaseout in the PSEP. The results show that the same factors which dictate the actions of different sets of policymakers during program expansion also determine their relative levels of involvement in the phaseout period and their policy preferences (PSEP objectives) during retrenchment. The findings also suggest that local governments with long histories of federal program participation have developed fairly sophisticated reactive strategies, since phaseouts are expected events in the lives of most federal programs. These reactive strategies vary according to the economic and political conditions existing at the time of the mandated phaseout.

Federal Aid to the States: 1940 Model

1940 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin F. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Forest Service ◽  
Federal Aid ◽  
Federal Grants ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Full Force ◽  
Forest Fire Protection

In the year 1930, before the Great Depression had unleashed its full fury, federal aid to the states totaled approximately $135,000,000. The highway grants represented more than one-half of this amount, and National Guard payments accounted for another 22 per cent. The number of subsidies did not exceed 11, even if we treat as separate grants the payments for forest fire protection and distribution of nursery stock—both administered by the Forest Service in the Department of Agriculture. Opposition to the principle of grants-in-aid was strong, and had compelled the abandonment of the grant for child hygiene. No uniform federal policy had been established concerning the purposes for which aid should be given, the bases on which it should be apportioned, or the extent to which the federal administering agencies should exercise supervision or control over state activities.But 1940 marks the beginning of a new decade. The tragic thirties are past, and the full force of their impact on intergovernmental relations can now be observed. It is timely, therefore, to re-examine the system of federal grants-in-aid, and note the more important changes that have occurred. The most obvious fact is the increased use of the subsidy principle.

Spatial Diversity in Local Government Revenue Effort under Decentralization: A Neural-Network Approach

10.1068/c16r ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mildred E Warner ◽  
James E Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Classification Tree ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Federal Aid ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Neural Network Approach ◽  
The Impact

Decentralization reflects a global trend to increase the responsiveness of state and local governments to economic forces, but it raises the challenge of how to secure redistributive goals. Theoretically, as the equalizing impact of federal aid declines under devolution, we expect subnational state-level government policy to become more important, and geographic diversity in local governments' efforts to raise revenue to increase. In this paper we explore the impact of state fiscal centralization and intergovernmental aid on local revenue effort with the aid of Census of Governments data for county areas from 1987 for the Mid-Atlantic and East North Central region of the United States, with particular attention paid to rural counties. The 1987 period was chosen because it is the first year in which state policy trends diverged from federal decentralization trends and both state aid and state centralization increased while federal aid to localities continued to decline. Using a neural-network approach, we explore the spatially differentiated impact of state policy and find complementary responses in effort among some localities and substitution responses among others. Classification-tree analysis of this diversity suggests that decentralization and the competitive government it promotes are likely to exacerbate inequality among local governments.

scholarly journals The Main Aspects of Financial Support of Local Governments in the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
T. V. Sumskaya
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
Revenue Sources ◽  
Budget Policy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
Social Expenditures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Municipal Level

For the effective functioning of local governments an important role is played by the sufficiency of the revenue base of local budgets. It is the municipal level of power in the Russian Federation that is responsible for the most important social expenditures of the state. The purpose of this work is to analyze the revenue sources of local governments, as well as the expenditures of municipal budgets in Russia in the framework of the sub-federal fiscal policy. A set of calculations based on materials from municipalities of the Russian Federation allows to determine the main directions of formation of revenues and expenditures of budgets of local governments, as well as assess the impact of the budget policy of regional authorities on incentives for the socio-economic development of municipalities. The analysis of budget revenues and expenditures by types of municipalities in Russia has been carried out in order to identify their budget solvency both in statics and in dynamics. The results of the study can be applied in studying the possibilities of improving budget policy in the direction of leveling and stimulating local governments to strengthen their own revenue base. It has been concluded that the improvement of intergovernmental relations should include measures to strengthen the tax potential of municipalities, which is impossible without ensuring stable fixed tax revenues for local budgets.

Prospects for the use of the “model budget” in the distribution of equalization grants in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Deryugin ◽  
Ilya A. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
Unfunded Mandates ◽  
Interregional Inequality ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Equalization Grants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Budget Expenditure

The paper analyzes the impact of the “model budget” on the problems of intergovernmental relations in the Russian Federation: a high proportion of expenditure obligations of regional and local budgets and a high degree of interregional inequality in fiscal capacity and socio-economic development. It was concluded that the planned broader use of the “model budget” will not solve the problem of unfunded mandates and will lead first to a significant reduction in incentives for regional authorities to develop the territorial revenue base, and then to economic slowdown in the country. As an alternative approach to improving intergovernmental relations, options are being considered for adjusting the parameters of the equalization transfers distribution formula, the procedure for determining their total volume and calculating the budget expenditure index. In solving the problem of unfunded mandates, an equally important role is given to the procedure for preparing a financial and economic rationale for draft laws.

Asymmetrical Attribution of Performance in China

Asian Survey ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-1003
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Chen Chen ◽  
Jun Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Multilevel Mediation ◽  
Dual Pathway ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Existing studies of the impact of economic development on political trust in China have two major gaps: they fail to explain how economic development contributes to the hierarchical trust pattern, and they do not pay enough attention to the underlying mechanisms. In light of cultural theory and political control theory, we propose adapting performance theory into a theory of “asymmetrical attribution of performance” to better illuminate the case of China. This adapted theory leads to dual pathway theses: expectation fulfillment and local blaming. Using a multilevel mediation model, we show that expectation fulfillment mainly upholds trust in the central government, whereas local blaming undermines trust in local governments. We also uncover a rural–urban distinction in the dual pathway, revealing that both theses are more salient among rural Chinese.

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