Some Problems in Alfred Schutz's Phenomenological Methodology

1975 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Patrick Peritore
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Philosophical Foundation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Phenomenological Methodology ◽  
Problem Of Other Minds ◽  
To Come ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Alter Ego

Alfred Schutz created a systematic methodology for the social sciences by integrating sociological concepts derived from Max Weber with the philosophical foundation provided by Edmund Husserl's phenomenology. However, much of the rigor of Schutz's analysis of social life is vitiated by his failure to come to grips with the philosophical problem of “other minds.” Analysis and critique of Schutz's “general thesis of the alter ego” reveal the sterility of either pragmatic or dogmatic use of philosophic concepts in social science conceptualization, and the failure of his methodological system demonstrates the serious epistemological consequences of doing social scientific work without rigorous and radical philosophical foundation.

Narrating Society: Enacting ‘Immigrant’ Characters through Negotiating, Naturalization, and Forgetting

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Boersma
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Global Perspectives ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Media And Communication

This article scrutinizes how ‘immigrant’ characters of perpetual arrival are enacted in the social scientific work of immigrant integration monitoring. Immigrant integration research produces narratives in which characters—classified in highly specific, contingent ways as ‘immigrants’—are portrayed as arriving and never as having arrived. On the basis of ethnographic fieldwork at social scientific institutions and networks in four Western European countries, this article analyzes three practices that enact the characters of arrival narratives: negotiating, naturalizing, and forgetting. First, it shows how negotiating constitutes objects of research while at the same time a process of hybridization is observed among negotiating scientific and governmental actors. Second, a naturalization process is analyzed in which slippery categories become fixed and self-evident. Third, the practice of forgetting involves the fading away of contingent and historical circumstances of the research and specifically a dispensation of ‘native’ or ‘autochthonous’ populations. Consequently, the article states how some people are considered rightful occupants of ‘society’ and others are enacted to travel an infinite road toward an occupied societal space. Moreover, it shows how enactments of arriving ‘immigrant’ characters have performative effects in racially differentiating national populations and hence in narrating society. This article is part of the Global Perspectives, Media and Communication special issue on “Media, Migration, and Nationalism,” guest-edited by Koen Leurs and Tomohisa Hirata.

Esteem and self-esteem as an interweaving polarity. Max Weber´s analysis from the Protestant ethic to the ideal-type of politician

Human Affairs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-364
Author(s):  
Cristiana Senigaglia
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Protestant Ethic ◽  
Social Reputation ◽  
Conduct Of Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractAlthough Max Weber does not specifically analyze the topic of esteem, his investigation of the Protestant ethic offers interesting insights into it. The change in mentality it engendered essentially contributed to enhancing the meaning and importance of esteem in modern society. In his analysis, Weber ascertains that esteem was fundamental to being accepted and integrated into the social life of congregations. Nevertheless, he also highlights that esteem was supported by a form of self-esteem which was not simply derived from a good social reputation, but also achieved through a deep and continual self-analysis as well as a strict discipline in the ethical conduct of life. The present analysis reconstructs the different aspects of the relationship between social and self-esteem and analyzes the consequences of that relationship by focusing on the exemplary case of the politician’s personality and ethic.

THE SOCIAL LIFE OF ACADEMIC DISCOURSE: REFLECTIONS ON THE ANALYSIS OF PIETY POLITICS

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-415
Author(s):  
Dunya D. Cakir
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Women Intellectuals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Discourses ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Intellectual Activism

AbstractExamining the writings of prominent Islamist women intellectuals in Turkey, including Fatma Barbarosoğlu, Cihan Aktaş, Yıldız Ramazanoğlu, and Nazife Şişman, this article explores the repercussions of their intellectual activism for how scholars understand and study piety politics. These Islamist women intellectuals, whose discourse and subjectivities have been translated into analytical categories by scholars of piety politics, contest the terms of their encounters with academics and, more broadly, the conversion of Muslim women into objects of research. Their writings shed light on the complex interpretative interplay between academic and lay discourse when the objects of scholarly study speak back to social scientists. I argue that these kinds of critical engagements between Islamist women intellectuals and social scientific discourses attest to the mobility and circularity of social scientific categories, which have infused and reconstituted Islamist debates in Turkey. Rather than uncritically endorse or dispute these intellectuals’ interpretations of social scientific accounts, I leverage their claims to underscore the social life of academic discourse and to promote an enriched vision of piety politics and reflexive methodology.

THE DYNAMICS OF FIELDWORK AMONG THE TALENSI: MEYER FORTES IN NORTHERN GHANA, 1934–7

Africa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Parker
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
Social Anthropologist ◽  
Complex Characters

ABSTRACTThis article examines the encounter between the social anthropologist Meyer Fortes and his wife Sonia, on the one hand, and the Talensi people of northern Ghana, on the other, in the years 1934–7. Based in large part on the Forteses’ extensive corpus of recently archived field notes, diaries and other papers, it argues that the quotidian dynamics of that encounter were in many ways quite different from those of Talensi social life as enshrined in Meyer's famous published monographs. Far from entering a timeless world of enduring clanship and kinship, the Forteses grappled with a society struggling to come to terms with the forces of colonial change. The focus is on the couple's shifting relationship with two dominant figures in the local political landscape in the 1930s:TongranaNambiong, the leading Talensi chief and their host in the settlement of Tongo, andGolibdaanaTengol, a wealthy ritual entrepreneur who dominated access on the part of ‘stranger’ pilgrims to the principal oracular shrine in the adjacent Tong Hills. These two bitter rivals were, by local standards, commanding figures – yet both emerge as psychologically complex characters riddled with anxiety, unease and self-doubt. The ethnographic archive is thereby shown to offer the possibility of a more intimate history of the interior lives of non-literate African peoples on remote colonial frontiers who often passed under the radar of the state and its documentary regime.

scholarly journals Manoeuvring as an integration strategy among immigrants

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Tünde Turai
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Complex I ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Integration Strategy ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Integration Strategies ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Insight Into

The analysis of the integration strategies followed by migrants provides a good insight into this process in order to understand better the interaction between the migrants and the receiving society. This perspective integrates the micro, the mezzo and the macro level of social scientific analysis, because migrants face directly problems related to the different levels of social life, so their surviving strategies are reactions to this whole intertwined complex. I propose to approach the integration of the migrants by investigating their manoeuvring technique. Most migrants make huge efforts for making contacts with the receiving community. Even those who live in ethnic enclaves need to have some basic contacts with the surrounding world. In my paper I analyse narrative and semi-structured interviews conducted with third country immigrants living in Hungary, and I focus on the slalom techniques they follow trying to avoid the traps of integration in the bureaucratic processes, the labour market and the social life in general.

scholarly journals TINDAKAN SOSIAL TOKOH UTAMA DALAM NOVEL AKU MASENJA KARYA RUMASI PASARIBU: KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA

MIMESIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Wijayanti Dwi Lestari ◽  
Dedi Pramono
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reading Technique

This research is motivated by the importance of one’s actions in dealing with problem in everyday life, including the social life of the main character in the novel. This research aims to determine the forms of social behavior of the main character in the novel Aku Masenjaby Rumasi Pasaribu. Social behavior theory refers to the theory social behavior from a male expert from Germany named Maximilian Weber or often called Max Weber. The research subject used is the novel Aku Masenjaby Rumasi Pasaribu. The object this research is the social behavior of the main character based on Max Weber’s theory. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data analysis technique uses the reading technique and the note taking technique. Then the results of the data analysis are presented in descriptive form. The results of this study indicate that the dominant form of social behavior that often appears in Aku Masenja is affective social behavior in the form of falling in love, anger, sadness, and suprise. While other actions such as behavior of instrumental rationality in the form of making decision, the desire to make parents happy, and the desire to protect students who are affected by the problem of values rationality behavior in the form moral values and religious values, tradisional behavior in the form of Pasemah community groups, the customs of a tribe in Bengkulu, the use of regional languages only a few forms appear. 

scholarly journals KAZIMIERZ MARCINIAK'S VIEWS ON SCIENCE TASKS

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-45
Author(s):  
Ryszard Maciołek
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Academic Experience ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University

This article is devoted to the person and his views on the role of scientific activity in the life of the university and its significance for the social life. Kazimierz Marciniak represented geography and he specialized in climatology and bioclimatology. His extensive academic experience, gained through studies and scientific work at several Polish universities and in the Institute of Balneology in Poznań, made him not only an excellent researcher, but also a scholar whose views on the role of science in the life of the university and in social life were influencing the generation of representatives of many sciences who worked at the WSG University in Bydgoszcz. The convictions of the scholar in question, his broad vision of science not only as an enterprise calculated on commercial values, place him among the outstanding Polish scientists and philosophers. He shared with them not only the conviction about the cognitive function of science, which was engaged in economic activity, but also noticed its highly humanistic and ennobling role in relation to the researcher, in which the creative aspects of his work are present. Scientific work also contributes to the improvement of the educational process. Participation of a student, in any form of scientific activity, shapes his intellectual and even moral skills, educates in the spirit of the culture of the word, especially the written one. In the opinion of the discussed author, the main function of science for the entire social life is to forecast phenomena. Exploratory and exploratory functions are important, however, they are subordinated to the former. His methodological and philosophical views on the structure and dynamics of scientific theories were characterised by inductivism and probabilism. Some of his views on the questions of the nature of phenomena, the structure of reality and the relation between scientific theory and reality, were not presented in an unambiguous way; it also seems that they evolved towards anti-phenomenalism, anti-foundationalism and essentialism, which distanced him from scientism, as a worldview quite characteristic of representatives of the natural sciences of the 20th century.

Coming to Terms with Social Life

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Erikson
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spirit Of Capitalism

This chapter examines how three masters of the sociological tradition—Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim, and Max Weber—came to terms with social life. Two major themes run throughout Marx's work: the first has to do with the effects of the class struggle on the human spirit; the second has to do with the effects of class struggle on human thought and human institutions, a topic he dealt with under the general headings of class consciousness and ideology. The chapter also considers Durkheim's views on the nature of the social order and on the nature of sociology, and more specifically on questions such as those relating to division of labor, suicide, and religious life. Finally, it discusses Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism as well as his thoughts on topics ranging from the nature of sociology to forms of political authority.

scholarly journals Merajut Anugerah Dalam Penginjilan Holistik

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Aris Elisa Tembay ◽  
Eliman
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Good News ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Environment Restoration

Kejatuhan manusia kedalam dosa telah membuat manusia kehilangan kemuliaan Allah. Manusia bukan saja harus menerima hukuman Allah secara rohani sebagai mahluk yang diciptakan dengan Kemuliaan Allah, namun secara fisik dan social mereka menerima ganjaran hukuman dari Allah. Kehidupan secara fisik berubah, dimana mereka kemudian menyadari bahwa dirinya dalam keadaan telanjang dan merasakan malu. Secara social mereka mengalami putusnya hubungan dengan Allah dan lingkungannya kemudian menjadi takut dan menyembunyikan diri dari hadapan Allah. Manusia kemudian menerima hukuman dari Allah yang berdampak secara rohani, dan juga jasmani. Mereka dibuang dari tempat kemuliaan kedalam dunia yang penuh dengan penderitaan sebagai akibat dari perbuatan dosa tersebut. Allah kemudian menunjukkan Kasih-Nya, dengan mencari manusia yang telah jatuh dalam dosa mengadakan pemulihan, akan tetapi tetap menegakkan keadilan dengan menjatuhkan hukuman-Nya dan mengadakan perjanjian akan Keselamatan bagi manusia berdosa. Rancangan keselamtan dari Allah inilah yang kemudian dilaksankan dengan Misio-Dei, dimana Allah mengutus Anak-Nya Yesus Kristus datang kedunia ini, para Nabi dan Rasul, kemudian Misio Eklesiae, dimana Allah menempatkan Gereja-Nya dan mengutus orang-orang percaya untuk memberitakan Injil Keselamatan. Injil Keselamatan itu adalah “Kabar Baik” dimana didalamnya ada berita tentang kelepasan manusia dari hukuman dosa. Dosa telah membuat manusia mengalami berbagai penderitaan, baik rohani, Jasmani juga hubungan berdampak pada lingkungan social. Pemulihan tidak hanya cukup pada tataran Rohani saja, karena dosa adalah permasalahan yang kompleksitas dan menyeluruh dalam kehidupan manusia didunia ini. Pelayanan “Holistik” adalah upaya untuk memulihkan keberadaan manusia seutuhnya, baik secara spiritual dimana manusia diperdamaikan dengan Allah tetapi juga secara mental dimana   manusia dibangkitkan kembali semangatnya untuk memperjuangkan kehidupannya didunia ini. Dengan demikian Injil bukan saja menyelesaikan perkara-perkara rohani saja, akan tetapi juga berdampak pada kehidupan social masyarakat, karena itulah tugas Gereja untuk melakukan tiga hal penting dalam dunia ini:   Marturia, Koinonia, dan Diakonia. Inilah merupakan bagian dari pelayanan yang bersifat “Holistik”                   Man's fall into sin has made man lose the glory of God. Humans must not only receive God's punishment spiritually as a creature created with the Glory of God, but physically and socially they receive punishment from God. Life physically changes, where they then realize that they are naked and feel ashamed. Socially, they experience a break with God and their environment and become afraid and hide themselves from God. Humans then receive punishment from God that impacts spiritually, and also physically. They are banished from the place of glory in a world full of suffering as a result of these sins. God then shows His love, by searching for people who have fallen into sin to make restoration, but still uphold justice by dropping His punishment and entering into a covenant of Salvation for sinful humans. This salvation design from God was then carried out by Misio-Dei, where God sent His Son Jesus Christ to come into this world, the Prophets and Apostles, then Misio Eklesiae, where God placed His Church and sent believers to preach the Gospel of Salvation. The Gospel of Salvation is the "Good News" in which there is news about human deliverance from the penalty of sin. Sin has caused people to experience various sufferings, both spiritual, physical and also the relationship has an impact on the social environment. Restoration is not only enough at the Spiritual level, because sin is a complex and comprehensive problem in human life in this world. "Holistic" service is an effort to restore the whole human existence, both spiritually where humans are reconciled with God but also mentally where humans are reawakened to fight for their lives in this world. Thus the Gospel not only resolves spiritual matters, but also has an impact on the social life of the community, because that is the Church's duty to do three important things in this world: Marturia, Koinonia, and Diakonia. This is part of the service that is "Holistic".

Social Sciences and the Old Testament

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor H. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Herbert Spencer ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Scientific

The aim of social scientific criticism, as a subfield of biblical exegesis, is to study the biblical materials as a reflection of their cultural setting. The meaning and/or the social background of the text are thus more fully illumined by the exercise of sociological and anthropological methods and theories. The era of modern social-scientific research began in the late 19th century with the work of Karl Marx, Auguste Comte, and Herbert Spencer. Their social theories created an atmosphere of curiosity about the human condition and advanced the evolutionary perspective that had taken hold with the writing of Charles Darwin. As sociology and anthropology emerged as separate sciences, scholars such as W. Robertson Smith and Louis Wallis adapted their methods (at least comparative and functionalist perspectives) to Israelite history and culture. Despite this early start, there was a hiatus in the use of the social sciences (especially psychology, sociology, and anthropology) in the study of the Bible between 1930 and 1960 as literary, historical-critical, and archaeological approaches (the W. F. Albright School) predominated. However, in the last several decades, building on the earlier works of Max Weber and continuing with the study of Israelite origins by George Mendenhall and Norman Gottwald, social science methods have experienced a revival and burgeoned into a major subfield.

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