National Industrialization and the Declining Share of the International Economic Sector, 1890–1959

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl W. Deutsch ◽  
Alexander Eckstein

About the beginning of the present century, the economic historian Werner Sombart proposed an interesting generalization. The share of foreign trade in total national income, he said, was bound to decline in every country as it became more industrialized.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Tural Alasgarli ◽  

As 20th century ends, international economic system has gained new characteristics, international trade and its finance has reached at a different aspect. Parallel to the increasing trade relations, new technics of foreign trade finance has been widely available. Among them, factoring was evaluated in this study.



2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Manasi Gore ◽  
Meenal Annachhatre

The concept of sustainable development involves three components namely economic, social and environmental. In a developing economy like that of India, the economic sustainability demands higher growth of key economic indicators such as National income, employment generation, production, consumption and even the foreign trade. The growth of foreign trade and that of the exports are very critical for the foreign exchange reserves essential to pay for the imports in India. Trade as an engine of the economic growth thus fulfils the essential implication for economic sustainability. But in achieving this growth, economy’s environmental sustainability is at stake. This is because, the top export products of India still comprise of petroleum products (18%) , agricultural products (12%), textiles and yarns together at 11 % and chemicals (10%). All these exports in their production have immensely contributed towards environmental pollution in one way or the other. Mining for gold, silver and diamonds resulted in water pollution, Green House Gas emission, and soil erosion. Petroleum refineries are a major source of hazardous and toxic air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM).Though India’s contribution to the total world trade is yet negligible, while promoting the major exports as mentioned above the natural resources are exploited too much and thus create a threat to India’s environmental sustainability. This paper therefore advocates the need for the Green products’ exports to make India’s growth story even environmentally sustainable. Keywords: Sustainable development, Green products, Exports, Imports, Environmental Pollution



Author(s):  
Sondos Atef Jalal Saleh - Emad Sulaiman Sharif Mohammed

This empirical study aims to highlight the relationship between exports and imports on the one hand and the financing of foreign trade in Sudan. If we ignore the meteorologic and the political factors and international economic variability, It is supposed that This relationship is  positive so the increase of the bank financing size leads to an increase in the volume of foreign trade.And to prove it, we have adopted and analytical and deductive approach applied to a sample of economic and  banking data from 2004 to 2012.The results showed that there is a continuous increase in the volume of exports in line with the increase in financing granted for exports. However, there is a fluctuation in the imports financing which was accompanied by a fluctuation in the volume of imports. The study recommended more attention to the export subsidies in addition to the continuous and systematic support to the imports.





Author(s):  
R. B. Nozdryova

Governance and regulation at the national and international level, the management system of the leading companies in the world, forms and methods of management, and marketing, commercial and advertising work form a relatively new subject field in domestic science. These issues have been introduced into the educational process in Russian universities in the second half of the 1980s. At the MGIMO these research areas have been developed for more than 60 years. Scientific School of the Department of Management and Marketing and the Department of Management Foreign Economic Activity is oriented at the international level and focuses on the development of organizational forms and methods of management, marketing strategy, marketing, and commerce in the context of foreign trade and international activities of domestic firms and organizations on the basis of a comprehensive study of advanced management experience of leading foreign countries. In the early stages of its existence, the school was focused on methodological and practical aspects of international commerce and advertising. But gradually its research encompassed the field of management and marketing, and the scientific school in the field of international management and marketing was established on the basis of examination of relevant theories and experiences of leading foreign countries, and especially multinational companies. Originally these studies were conducted by the Department International Economic Relations of the Faculty of International Economic Relations at MGIMO. The disciplines included studies of the foreign trade operations in global markets, management of foreign economic activities in foreign countries, world commodity markets, and others. The textbook "Organization and technology of foreign trade in the capitalist market" by I.N. Gerchikova, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Economic Science, Professor, published in 1977 already contained sections on management and marketing, including the organizational structure of firms and their international marketing work, international advertising, etc. PhD. Professor F.G. Piskoppel, Ph.D. Professor S.P. Nikitin systematically analyzed forms and methods of market research, which are an integral part of the marketing activities of companies in global markets.



1994 ◽  
pp. 533-553
Author(s):  
Bo Södersten ◽  
Geoffrey Reed


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