A General Review of the Study of the Revolution of 1911 in the People's Republic of China

1980 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Kaiyuan
Keyword(s):  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
General Review ◽  
Modern Chinese History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Revolution

Before Liberation, the history of the revolution of 1911 fell within the domain of Kuomintang party history. Although numerous publications appeared, some of which possessed historical value, generally speaking an orthodox point of view occupied the dominant position. Many published works were filled with prejudice and distortion and should not be regarded as genuine historical research.Since the new China was established, research on the revolution of 1911 has gradually become a branch of modern Chinese history, which takes historical materialism as its leading principle.

Sir Robert Hart and the Writing of Modern Chinese History

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-126
Author(s):  
Chihyun Chang
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Inspector General ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Modern Chinese History ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Modern China ◽  
Academic Debate

AbstractThis article examines the conflicts in writing the imperial modern history of China among various stakeholders, particularly Chinese and American historians, and their dealing with a set of personal documents of Sir Robert Hart, Inspector-General of the Chinese Maritime Customs Services (CMCS) during the Qing period. This set of documents is called “Hart Industry” and contains Hart's personal papers and seventy-seven volumes of diaries, among others. Revealing the imperial Inspector-General's view on “westernization” in modern China, the Hart Industry played a key role in the development of the history of modern China throughout the twentieth century. From around 1957 until 1995, the diaries became a source of a highly politicized academic debate between Chinese Communist historians of the People's Republic of China and western historians of the Hart Industry. By providing a “study of studies” on the historiography of the colonial modern history of China, this article argues that the Hart diaries were critical to historians’ understanding of their own academic discourse.

The Enlightenment Turns to China: The International Flow of Concepts and Their Geographic Dispersion

Cultura ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-52
Author(s):  
Chien-shou CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Joint Production ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Conceptual History ◽  
International Flow ◽  
Geographic Dispersion ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Modern Chinese History ◽  
Enlightenment Project ◽  
History Of

Abstract This article attempts to strip away the Eurocentrism of the Enlightenment, to reconsider how this concept that originated in Europe was transmitted to China. This is thus an attempt to treat the Enlightenment in terms of its global, worldwide significance. Coming from this perspective, the Enlightenment can be viewed as a history of the exchange and interweaving of concepts, a history of translation and quotation, and thus a history of the joint production of knowledge. We must reconsider the dimensions of both time and space in examining the global Enlightenment project. As a concept, the Enlightenment for the most part has been molded by historical actors acting in local circumstances. It is not a concept shaped and brought into being solely from textual sources originating in Europe. As a concept, the Enlightenment enabled historical actors in specific localities to begin to engage in globalized thinking, and to find a place for their individual circumstances within the global setting. This article follows such a line of thought, to discuss the conceptual history of the Enlightenment in China, giving special emphasis to the processes of formation and translation of this concept within the overall flow of modern Chinese history.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Late Qing Dynasty ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Chinese History ◽  
Chinese Perceptions ◽  
History Of ◽  
China Today

Ever since the concept of press freedom was first introduced into China during the late-Qing dynasty, Chinese perceptions of the function of a free press have frequently changed. This research has shown that the social and cultural context shaped the unique interpretations of press freedom in China and impacted the extent to which it was realized in modern Chinese history. There were numerous problems that permeated the history of press freedom in China, problems that continue to influence the experience of press freedom in China today. This chapter concludes by exploring the theoretical and contemporary implications of the conceptual history of press freedom in China.

scholarly journals Materiały dotyczące Powszechnej Wystawy Krajowej w 1929 r. w zbiorach Wielkopolskiej Biblioteki Cyfrowej

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
Magdalena Heruday-Kiełczewska
Keyword(s):  
Digital Library ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Educational Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Powszechna Wystawa Krajowa, zorganizowana w Poznaniu w 1929 r. była największym wydarzeniem wystawienniczym w historii II Rzeczypospolitej. Mając za cel pokazanie dorobku niepodległej Polski, była przeglądem jej osiągnięć w zakresie przemysłu, polityki, kultury, rolnictwa. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie najważniejszych materiałów – katalogów, książek, fotografii, czasopism, które zostały wydane z okazji Wystawy, lub które o niej wspominają. Analiza wybranych publikacji pozwala zapoznać się szczegółowo z treściami prezentowanymi na poszczególnych ekspozycjach. Wiele publikacji miało również odgrywać rolę edukacyjną. Część z nich była opracowaniami historycznymi, a część stanowi dziś świadectwo o ówczesnej sytuacji społeczno-polityczno-kulturalnej w Polsce, dzięki czemu mogą być uznane jako źródła do badań historycznych z dzisiejszej perspektywy. Materials regarding the Polish General Exhibition in 1929 in the collection of the Greater Poland Digital Library The Polish General Exhibition organized in Poznań in 1929 was the biggest exhibition in the history of the Second Polish Republic. Its goal was to showcase the achievements of independent Poland, and present a review of its accomplishments in the areas of industry, politics, culture, and agriculture. The article aims at presenting the most important materials: catalogs, books, photographs, and magazines, which were published to celebrate the Exhibition or contain references to it. The analysis of selected publications allows one to gain detailed insights into the content of particular displays. Many publications were also meant to play an educational role. Some of them were historical studies, and some are now the testimony of the social, political, and cultural situation in Poland back then, which means they can be treated as sources for historical research from the contemporary point of view.

Researches on the Status and Problems of Conservation of Modern Relics and Representative Buildings

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 6778-6781
Author(s):  
Ning Bai ◽  
Rong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Complete Chain ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
City Memory ◽  
Opening Up

Excellent buildings in different period recording city memory in different phases, they are connected up and irreplaceable respectively. As the important part of cultural heritage, modern relics and representative buildings pass historical information authentically and play a crucial role in providing historic witnesses. They are carrying a large number of Chinese history and culture sequentially ranging from the Ming, Qing Dynasty, Republic of China, the early days of New China, the Cultural Revolution period, the Opening-up Reform to contemporary times. They are either relevant to the major historical events and people, or occupy a certain position in the history of urban development. They are the sections of complete chain of history and culture. Nevertheless, they’re hardly shown on the list of “preserved heritage”. Concurrent with the construction of city, a large number of excellent modern buildings are suffering from demolition and destruction for they were young. Because of our lack of conservation consciousness and actions, many of them are in a devil of hole fragmented. The partially neglect of the conservation of modern cultural heritage is bound to cause the rupture of our tradition and blankness in memory. It is an increasingly urgent trend to save and protect these building heritages without any delay. This paper attempts to discuss the problems of modern relics and representative buildings conservation and improvement of conservation system.

Remember History, Not Hatred: Collective Remembrance of China's War of Resistance to Japan

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES REILLY
Keyword(s):  
Chinese History ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Education Campaign ◽  
Modern Chinese History ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Events ◽  
War Of Resistance ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Party State

AbstractChinese leaders have repeatedly insisted upon the contemporary relevance of the ‘War of Resistance to Japan’ (1937–1945). However, the content of the official history of the war and the lessons drawn from it have changed dramatically from 1949 through 2010. This paper begins by reviewing theories of collective remembrance and then covers four historical periods: China's ‘benevolent amnesia’ on Japan's wartime atrocities before 1982; China's patriotic education campaign from the mid-1980s; the rise of history activism in China in the late 1990s; and the post-2005 reversal in official rhetoric on Japan and the wartime past. It concludes that, while the party-state retains an impressive capacity to shape the narratives of critical periods of modern Chinese history, Chinese leaders are likely to find themselves increasingly constrained by domestic forces and by external events beyond their control.

scholarly journals Enron and the California Energy Crisis: The Role of Networks in Enabling Organizational Corruption

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-802
Author(s):  
Adam Nix ◽  
Stephanie Decker ◽  
Carola Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Interorganizational Network ◽  
Organizational Corruption ◽  
History Of

We provide an analytically structured history of Enron's involvement in the California energy crisis, exploring its emergence as a corrupt organization and its use of an interorganizational network to manipulate California's energy supply markets. We use this history to introduce the concept of network-enabled corruption, showing how corruption, even if primarily enacted by a single dominant organization, is often highly dependent on the support of other organizations. Specifically, we show how Enron combined resources from partner firms with its own capabilities, manipulating the energy market and capitalizing on the crisis. From a methodological point of view, our study emphasizes the growing importance of digital sources for historical research, drawing particularly on telephone and email records from the period to develop a rich, fly-on-the-wall understanding of a phenomenon that is otherwise hard to observe.

scholarly journals The Bolshevik myth of October 1917

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 25-43
Author(s):  
Stanisław Ciesielski
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Party Leader ◽  
Socialist Revolution ◽  
New Era ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Main Protagonist ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Revolution

Bolshevik mythology presented the events of October 1917 as an effect of the operating laws of history, i.e. a necessary phenomenon through which the sense of history manifested, and, at the same time, as an effect of the activity of the masses led by the Bolshevik Party, an act in the power struggle. The Bolshevik myth of October 1917 was a founding myth; it created an impression that there had come a “new era in the history of humankind”, ending “all forms of exploitation”. It legitimised the government established at the time as one rooted in the revolution opening this new era and representing the most profound interests of a class that was to abolish the most tragic division in the history of humankind — class division. The myth of October had to have its collective and individual heroes. From this point of view its content was described in the most succinct manner by the following formula: the Great October Socialist Revolution was carried out by the working class allied with the poor peasantry led by the Bolshevik Party headed by Lenin. The cult of Lenin was primarily a cult of a victorious revolution and party leader that had led the masses to a triumph. Almost identical formulas were used by Stalin, Khrushchev and Gorbachev. However, the real heroes of the revolution were the Bolshevik themselves, their party and their leaders. In Stalinist times the main protagonist of the October myth was the “Bolshevik Party of Lenin-Stalin”. The leading role in the party became a crucial element of Bolshevik mythology, independent of political transformations and turns in the USSR.

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