Treaty-Making in Post-War Germany

1936 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-232
Author(s):  
Walter Schiffer ◽  
Francis O. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
International Agreements ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Constitutional Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
Contractual Relationships ◽  
Post War

One of the most significant developments of the 19th and early 20th centuries has been the rapid expansion of constitutional government and the resultant rôle of representative bodies in the important function of concluding international agreements. While treaty-making remained for many centuries largely in the hands of unchecked executives, the trend of the past 150 years–at least until the recent rise of dictatorships in Europe–has been toward the conferring of more and more power upon the representative branch. The importance of this movement is especially significant when we consider that interstate contacts have rapidly multiplied during this same period and international contractual relationships correspondingly increased.

scholarly journals Public policy, public utility and citizens: The impact of privatization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαντώ Λαμπροπούλου (Manto Lampropoulou)
Keyword(s):  
Public Utility ◽  
Network Industries ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Over the past two decades, utilities policy in Greece has been steadily shifting towards privatization and liberalization. This shift signified a critical reconsideration of the boundaries and the dynamics of the relationship between the state and the market in network industries. Public debate usually focuses on issues of ownership of public enterprises and economic performance. On the contrary, this book places the emphasis on the socio-economic implications of utilities policy for citizens. A key issue is the impact of privatization on the relationship between government (state), public enterprises (market) and citizens (society). The study covers the period from the post-war state monopolies to the current circumstances of mixed/private ownership of public enterprises and liberalized markets. The main questions addressed in this book are the following: What is the rationale (legitimization) for government intervention in the utilities sector? What are the politics of nationalization and privatization? How different policy contexts affect the institutional, organizational and regulatory framework of the utilities sector? Who are the key-stakeholders and policy actors? What is the role of citizens? What is the (re)distribution of utilities policy costs and benefits among stakeholders?

Introduction: Some Recent Approaches to Japanese Nationalism

1971 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth B. Pyle
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Human Race ◽  
The Past ◽  
Old Order ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Post War ◽  
To Receive

The study of nationalism, the most powerful political emotion in the modern world, has often become enmeshed in polemic and ideological combat. In Japan during the past century, evaluations of the historical role of nationalism have tended to oscillate between extremes. Some of its first serious students in the late nineteenth century, writers like Kuga Katsunan and Miyake Setsurei, opposing the prevalent Westernism, were convinced that nationalism was a necessary ingredient of Japanese survival; and they would have agreed with Tocqueville's aphorism that “the interests of the human race are better served by giving every man a particular fatherland than by trying to inflame his passions for the whole of humanity.” Since 1945, however, in a mood of national self-alienation, many Japanese writers have shared Veblen's turgid conclusion, “Born in iniquity and conceived in sin, the spirit of nationalism has never ceased to lead human institutions to the service of dissension and distress. In its material effects it is altogether the most sinister as well as the most imbecile of all the institutional incumbrances that have come down out of the old order.” Once seen as necessary and beneficial, nationalism came in the post-war period to be villified or simply ignored amidst the scholars' preoccupation with their anti-establishment liberal heroes. With some notable exceptions, nationalism has been slow to receive in Japan the thoughtful, dispassionate study it needs.

(Not) Dealing with War Crimes on Film

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-340
Author(s):  
Rimantė Jaugaitė
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
The Past ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Film Directors ◽  
The Media ◽  
Yugoslav Wars ◽  
Post War

Abstract This article argues that contemporary post-Yugoslav cinema contributes to a better understanding of the deeply divided societies in the aftermath the Yugoslav Wars (1991–2001), in terms of stimulating empathy for the Other, and, more specifically, raising awareness of the loss of human lives, thus memorializing and commemorating these experiences. It also explores how film directors deal with social issues, including war crimes, and how they appear as activist citizens while their governments struggle to take relevant action. The research aims to bridge the gap between the more theoretical literature that focuses on the role of the media in dealing with the past and more practical analysis providing examples from contemporary post-Yugoslav cinema, and to illuminate the link between film, peace-building and active citizenship. Finally, the article stresses how the idea of post-war reconciliation may be communicated through films and pertains to the notion that a positive film effect exists.

scholarly journals ‘Change the Heart, and the Work Will Be Changed’: Pius XII's Papal Blueprints for Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Dorien Lanting ◽  
Trineke Palm
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
Post War ◽  
Pope Pius Xii

This article examines the role of emotions in papal discourse about European integration. Expanding on the ‘emotional turn’ in history, it develops an analytic framework to study emotional valence in constructing the past and future. Analysing Pope Pius XII's three major post-war encyclicals (Communium Interpretes Dolorum, Fulgens Radiatur and Summi Maeroris), this article shows how the emotional vocabulary of Pius XII bridges the gap between theology and politics. In particular, it illuminates how Pope Pius XII integrated emotional and religious vocabulary to (re)construct an image of a European past and future.

scholarly journals 120 lat polskiej obecności w Argentynie (1897-2017). Historia i teraźniejszość

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Piotr Wasilewski
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Special Regard ◽  
The Past ◽  
Overseas Country ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 19Th Century

The origins of Polish emigration to Argentina date back to the 19th century. Poles emigrated to this distant, overseas country, first as individuals and then in larger groups. We can distinguish several waves of Polish collective emigration to Argentina: pre-war, that is, the period of partitions, with special regard to 1897, interwar and post-war, especially from 1945-1950. The article summarizes the information we have about the historical aspects of the phenomenon described, explains the reasons for the trips, highlights the role of the clergy, lists the most important places for Poles to settle, and the ways and forms of maintaining Polish national identity, both in the past and in the present.

Ideas and Welfare: The Conservative Transformation of the British Pension Regime

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROSHI ARAKI
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Pension Reforms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Post War ◽  
Over Time

Pensions are a controversial issue in Britain. During the past fifty years, pension reforms have been challenged by the competing policies of the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. There were differences in the nature, scope and extent of pension policies between them: the Conservatives encouraged private pension provision while the Labour Party promoted state provision. Based on core principles of freedom and personal responsibility, the Conservatives persistently over time implemented policies in line with these beliefs. This article explores this transformation of the post-war pension regime. An attempt is made here to sketch out a new explanation of this transformation in drawing on recent theories of the role of ideas and ideology in the policy process. The recent apparent convergence in policy thinking on pensions between the Labour Party and the Conservative Party highlights the importance of core ideological principles.

Realist Visions of European Union: E.H. Carr and Integration

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kenealy ◽  
Konstantinos Kostagiannis
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Classical Realism ◽  
Post War

The past 15 years have seen an explosion of interest in the scholarship of E.H. Carr. As a founding figure of the realist approach to International Relations, as a philosopher of history and as a historian of the Soviet Union, Carr made important contributions. His work on the post-war political organisation of Europe has been somewhat neglected. While not going so far as to argue for the introduction of ‘another E.H. Carr’ – Carr the European integration theorist – this article argues that Carr’s specific brand of realism has much to say not only about the establishment, but also about the subsequent development, of the European Economic Community. Carr’s realism was, we argue, capable of understanding change in international society. This understanding was grounded in an appreciation of the role of power and morality in international politics and stands in sharp contrast to the emphasis on the structural factors that are prized by neorealists. While Carr’s vision of post-war Europe has not materialised in its entirety, it captures some of the crucial fault lines that animate the European project. Building a bridge between European integration studies and Carr’s realism will provide a fruitful avenue through which classical realism can once again begin to engage with developments in international politics.

Training Pediatricians for the Evolving Generalist–Specialist Interface in the Managed Care Era

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 101 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 779-784
Author(s):  
Roberta G. Williams ◽  
Leonard D. Stein ◽  
Laurel K. Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Managed Care ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Collaborative Management ◽  
Health Care Needs ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complex Patients ◽  
Inpatient Settings

Managed care involves the linkage of service delivery and financing. One of the outgrowths of the rapid expansion of managed care over the past decade has been an increasing consensus that the generalist of the future will need to manage more of the patients traditionally cared for by subspecialists. Subspecialty education for pediatric residents becomes increasingly important as the role of the pediatric generalist enlarges to include independent outpatient management of some less complex but traditional subspecialty patients as well as collaborative management of more complex patients. To prepare for this role, a balanced exposure to subspecialty problems in outpatient as well as inpatient settings is required. At the same time, however, the growth of managed care has led to certain barriers for providing this enhanced training. This article describes the effects of managed care on the role and scope of the pediatric subspecialist as well as on educational strategies for coping with these changes while reshaping the roles of both generalists and subspecialists for maximal effectiveness in meeting the health care needs of children.

scholarly journals Kontrowersje wokół wystawy „Wymuszone drogi” na tle sporu o wypędzenia. Analiza debaty prasowej

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-43
Author(s):  
Paweł Ciołkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Post War

The fact that controversies about the past become the subject of public debate testifies to the growing significance of the role of collective memory. In Poland two such controversies emerged recently. The first was triggered off by Jan Tomasz Gross’s book Neighbours that describes the murder committed during the war on Jews by the Polish inhabitants of Jedwabne; the other is a consequence of the actions taken up by the head of the Union of the Expelled, Erika Steinbach, and her many years’ endeavours to create the so-called Centre Against Expulsions in Germany. The matter of post-war “expulsions” divided Polish disputants into adherents of two opposed points of view. One thread of the debate that started in 2000 embraces controversies around the exhibition: “Enforced Roads. Escapes and Expulsions in 20th Century Europe” opened in August 2006 that commemorates the victims of expulsions. The article analyses the press debate around this exhibition in the context of the earlier stages of this controversy. It also describes the changes of relations between the main standpoints and their influence on the ideas of the past.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document