A Comparison of British and North African Varieties of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea). III. Effects of Light, Temperature and Day Length on Relative Growth Rate and its Components

SummaryExperiments were made in glasshouses, growth cabinets and growth rooms to study the differential responses of the broad bean to water stress during the vegetative and flowering phases of growth. Plants in the flowering phase proved to be more sensitive to drought than in the vegetative period, and there were different responses (Relative Growth Rate) to temperature at different stages of plant growth. Day length and temperature influenced the position of the earliest flower initials on the stem, and intensity of flower shedding was aggravated by high temperature.

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Temperature and day length response of some cocksfoot populations

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9670001 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P BrouT ◽

CN Williams ◽

CA Neal-Smith ◽

L Albrecht

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Relative Growth Rate ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Leaf Size ◽

Day Length ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Dactylis Glomerata L ◽

Leaf Appearance ◽

Rate Of Leaf Appearance ◽

Short Days

Seedling plants of seven cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) populations were exposed to day/night temperatures of 20/15, 15/10, 12/7, and 9/4°C at day lengths of either 8 or 16 hr. Leaf size, rate of leaf appearance, and relative growth rate decreased as temperature decreased. At higher temperatures, relative growth rate was greater in long than in short days, but at 9/4° it was greater in short days. Long days increased leaf size but slightly reduced the rate of leaf appearance at higher temperatures; the increased leaf size, however, more than compensated for the slightly lower rate of leaf appearance, so that relative growth rate was greater in long than in short days. At 9/4°, however, greater leaf size did not compensate for the much slower rate of leaf appearance in long days. Growth rates were consequently lower in long than in short days at 9/4°. The populations showed a general similarity in response, although significant differences between populations were recorded for particular treatments. There was no apparent relationship between seedling growth rates at low temperatures in this experiment and winter growth of these populations under field conditions.

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Variability among Festuca arundinacea cultivars for tolerance to and recovery from waterlogging, salinity and their combination

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp20289 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

F. E. Menon-Martínez ◽

A. A. Grimoldi ◽

G. G. Striker ◽

C. E. Di Bella

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Relative Growth Rate ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Global Climate ◽

Growth Period ◽

Recovery Phase ◽

Combined Treatments ◽

Combined Stress ◽

Relative Growth

Frequency and intensity of floods and the extent of salt-affected lands are expected to increase in pastures and grassland ecosystems as a result of global climate change. This study evaluated the effects of waterlogging, salinity (150 mm NaCl, ~15 dS m–1) and their combination over 14 days of treatment on morphological and growth traits of seven cultivars of Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue). Recovery was also assessed after a 14-day growth period under aerated, non-saline conditions (recovery phase). All cultivars survived the imposed stresses, showing greater tolerance to waterlogging than to salinity or the combined stress, evaluated as a response ratio of total dry mass relative to the control. The combined stress provoked growth lower than predicted by a multiplicative model in one cultivar, growth equal to the model in three cultivars and growth higher than the model in three cultivars. High variability among cultivars in response to each stress and phase was observed; this was more evident for relative growth rate of roots than of shoots. Plant morphological traits were affected by treatments in different ways; mature tiller weight was maintained, and tiller number decreased by 79–71% under waterlogging and combined stresses, whereas the opposite responses occurred under salinity. During the recovery phase, plants in all stress treatments had lower tiller numbers than controls and prioritised the growth of pre-existing tillers, which were heavier. Number of dead leaves per plant increased in saline and combined treatments. In general, F. arundinacea proved more tolerant to waterlogging than to salinity or combined treatments, and showed promising variability among cultivars with respect to root relative growth rate under the evaluated stresses, which can be used in future breeding programs. The findings also provide a basis for further research into the tolerance mechanisms involved.

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The Response of Wild Oat (Avena fatua) andAvena sterilisAccessions to Photoperiod and Temperature

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500058823 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 206-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Carol N. Somody ◽

John D. Nalewaja ◽

Stephen D. Miller

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Relative Growth Rate ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Growth Characteristics ◽

Day Length ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Avena Sterilis ◽

Relative Growth

Twenty-nine wild oat (Avena fatuaL. ♯3AVEFA) andAvena sterilisL. ♯ AVEST accessions having various areas of origin and/or growth characteristics were grown to maturity in controlled environmental chambers. The four environments consisted of a 16-h photoperiod until 3 weeks after emergence, when the photoperiod was decreased (DP) 1 h per week for 8 weeks at a constant 14, 20, or 26 C (DP 14, DP 20, or DP 26); and an 8-h photoperiod until 3 weeks after emergence, when the photoperiod was increased (IP) 1 h per week for 8 weeks at a constant 20 C (IP 20). The relative growth rate of the accessions was similar in each environment. The length of the second leaf was up to 15 cm greater under 8- than 16-h day length at 20 C for some accessions, but was similar under both day lengths for other accessions. The width of the second leaf was greater under 14 than 20 C and was narrower with a 16-h than an 8-h photoperiod. Tiller initiation was slower in the DP 14 and IP 20 than in the DP 20 and DP 26 environments. Days to panicle emergence for individual accessions ranged from 10 to 57 days higher in the DP 14 than in the DP 20 environment. Seed produced on plants grown at 14 C had lower germination in water and 1500 ppm gibberellic acid than seed from plants grown at 20 C. Wild oat accessions varied in morphological characteristics, days to panicle emergence, and dormancy, and responded differently to changes in photoperiod and temperature. Wild oat morphological characteristics, days to panicle emergence, and dormancy did not consistently relate to species or area of origin.

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Growth cabinet studies into cold-tolerance of Festuca arundinacea populations: II. Responses to pretreatment conditioning and to number and duration of low temperature periods

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600012673 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 347-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

W. D. Thomas ◽

Alec Lazenby

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Cold Stress ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

North African ◽

Single Exposure ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Potted Plants ◽

Apparent Relationship ◽

Soil Temperatures

SUMMARYFollowing three differing pre-stress temperature treatments, potted plants of three populations of Festuca arundinacea, syn. 1 and syn. 2 (North African) and S. 170 (British) were subjected to a cold stress of 20 h at – 8 °C in a growth cabinet.In all populations, survival was greatest when the cold stress followed continuous low temperatures for 2 weeks, was intermediate after part-day low temperatures for the same period, and poorest after continuous warmth. The hardening response, especially after the fluctuating regime, was greater in S. 170 than in either syn. 1 or syn. 2, between which little difference was detectable.There was no overall difference in survival between spring-sown and autumn-sown material, nor any apparent relationship between survival and relative growth rate.In a further trial, the same three populations were subjected to differing periods of cold stress at — 9 °C-single exposure for 12 or 18 h periods, or one, two or three 6 h periods.The synthetics were progressively weakened by repeated stresses, and were almost completely killed out by 12 or 18 h exposure. Differences in mortality following short and longer periods of exposure were associated with differences in soil temperatures.

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Agronomic potential of native grass species on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. I. Growth and herbage production

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9880415 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 415 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

GG Robinson ◽

KA Archer

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Relative Growth Rate ◽

White Clover ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Native Species ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Grass Species ◽

Native Grasses ◽

Leaf Production ◽

Relative Growth

The herbage mass and relative growth rate of six perennial native grasses were compared with two introduced temperate perennial grasses (Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Sirosa, Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Demeter and the temperate legume, white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Haifa). Of the native grasses three were year-long green species (Danthonia linkii Kunth, Microlaena stipoides (Labill) R.Br., Poa seiberana Spreng), and three were summer-growing frost susceptible species (Themeda australia (R.Br.) Stapf, Sporobolus elongatus R. Br., Bothriochloa macra (Steud) S.T. Blake). The summer perennial species, in particular Bothriochloa, were highly productive. However, in addition to inability to produce or retain green herbage during the winter, the summer-growing perennials produced a lower proportion of leaf material, a feature likely to render them less acceptable for grazing. Themeda was an exception, and produced a high proportion of leaf throughout the growing season and retained green material longer into the winter. Among the yearlong green species, both native and introduced, Poa proved a most productive species with significantly higher green leaf production than any other species, both in terms of herbage mass and relative growth rate. Although Danthonia produced as much herbage as phalaris on an annual basis, it has a higher stem component overall, and its relative growth rate was higher in the warmer months and lower during the winter months. Only Poa, white clover and phalaris produced signficant amounts of herbage during the winter months. These data suggest that native species have valuable agronomic features which could be exploited by selection and plant breeding programmes to advantage by the grazing industry.

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