The Ideological Origins of “Stalinism” in Soviet Literature

Slavic Review ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Schull
Keyword(s):  
Soviet History ◽  
Continuity Thesis ◽  
Soviet Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
Central Claim ◽  
The Revolution

More than anything else, ideology dominates in literatureLunacharskii, 1923Yes, we will stamp intellectuals, we will produce them, as in a factory.Bukharin, 1925The 1920s remain one of the most debated periods of Soviet history. Central to these debates is the issue of continuity between leninism and Stalinism, and the role of ideology under their respective leaderships. Supporters of “continuity” have usually emphasized the role of ideology as an intellectual bridge from the 1920s to the 1930s; conversely, those who question the continuity thesis usually point to major differences between leninism and Stalinism. I shall address this issue in relation to the history of attempts to organize writers in the early post-revolutionary period. My central claim is that Soviet discourse on writers and literature, articulated shortly after the revolution and elaborated during NEP, set a pattern which led to the absorption of writers into a unitary organizational apparatus and which culminated in the formation of the Writer's Union in April 1932. From 1917 to 1928, a clearly-articulated and largely consensual strategy of absorption of Soviet writers into a state-directed stream was spelt out well before Stalin was installed as the privileged speaker of “marxism-leninism.”

scholarly journals Women and Gender in 1917

Slavic Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 694-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochelle Goldberg Ruthchild
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Women And Gender ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Revolution

This paper argues for greater integration of considerations of women and gender in the history of the 1917 Russian Revolutions. Two key issues have long been discussed by historians: the spontaneity/consciousness paradigm, and the role of class in the revolution. Neither has been adequately analyzed in relation to gender. Women's suffrage has been largely neglected despite the fact that it was a significant issue throughout the year and represented a pioneering advance won by a countrywide coalition of women and men from the working class and intelligentsia, and from almost all political parties. In this centennial year, accounts of the Revolution remain one-dimensional; women remain the other.

scholarly journals Z DZIEJÓW FRANCUSKIEGO MODELU „LA PUBLICITÉ FONCIÈRE”

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Paweł Blajer
Keyword(s):  
French Literature ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
French Law ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
The Revolution

 Some Aspects of the History of the French ‘Publicité Foncière’ SystemSummaryIn this article the author applies a broad historical perspective todescribe the origins and evolution of the French publicité foncière system as an instrument for the publicity (record-keeping) of propertytransactions.To achieve this aim he divides the article into particular chaptersas required by the nature of the subject. According to the systematicsadopted in the French literature, the history of the publicité foncièresystem is divided into three fundamental periods, which are discussedin three separate chapters. These three main periods are the age ofl’ancien droit (viz. French law prior to the Revolution), the legislationof the Revolutionary period and Napoleonic Code; the period since themortgage law of 1855.The research conducted in the article’s three main chapters enablesthe author to identify the factors which have determined the main trendin the history of the French method of land registration, and the extentto which it has influenced Polish regulations on land registration.

scholarly journals The Work of the Central Statistical Committee in 1917-1918

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Cherepenina ◽  
A. L. Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The activity of state statistics throughout the revolutionary period of 1917 is uncharted territory in the history of Russian statistics. Using documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the authors examined for the first time the last year of the Central Statistical Committee. Unlike other state structures of the previous government, it was not dissolved after the events of October 1917 and continued to operate after the Soviet government moved to Moscow. The article contains information on the first «Soviet» Head of the Central Statistical Committee of the Commissariat of Internal Affairs V.A. Algasov and outlines the work of Professor M.A. Sirinov, who was offered a position of the Head of the Central Statistical Committee by the People’s Commissar of Internal Affairs G.I. Petrovsky. Archive records helped establish the fact that both the authorities of the Central Statistical Committee and some statisticians came up with an idea of founding a new statistical service based on the Central Statistical Committee and gubernia (provincial) statistics. The authors revealed the role of V.V. Stepanov in relocating the Library of the Central Statistical Committee to Moscow. The article describes the clash of opinions that preceded the establishment of the Soviet state statistics, to be specific the inauguration of the RSFSR Central Statistical Board, which was envisaged to be an independent body, not subordinate to any agency, to ensure the independence of the country’s statistical service. 

scholarly journals From Class Solidarity to Revolution: The Radicalization of Arsenal Workers in the Late Ottoman Empire

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akın Sefer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Primary Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Late Ottoman ◽  
The Revolution

AbstractThis article introduces a bottom-up perspective to the history of the Revolution of 1908 in the Ottoman Empire by focusing on the experiences of workers in the Imperial Naval Arsenal (Tersâne-i Âmire) in Istanbul. Drawing mainly on primary documents, the article explores, from a class-formation perspective, the struggles and relations of Arsenal workers from the second half of the nineteenth century until the revolution. The Arsenal workers’ involvement in the revolution was rooted in their class solidarity, which was revealed in a number of ways throughout this period. The workers’ immediate embrace of the revolution was spurred by their radicalization against the state; such radicalization stemmed from the state's failure to solve the workers’ persistent economic problems, and its attempts to discharge them and replace them with military labor. The case of the Arsenal workers thus points to the role of working-class discontent in the history of the revolution, a dimension that has thus far been only minimally addressed in Ottoman historiography.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION OF THE MENTALITY IN A TRANSITIVE SOCIETY

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Elena V. Kharitonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The article deals with the peculiarities of translating mentality through language in a transforming society. The article reveals the idea of a transitive society and the psychology of transitivity. It is shown that a transitive society influences social representations and values, determines attitudes and goals. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of language and mentality in the context of globalization, when there is an increase in changes in language, including in the Internet language. The language of the people is one of the main mechanisms for transmitting the mentality, through which a special national way of thinking is formed. Numerous studies have shown that the transitivity of society, accompanied by the influence of high technologies, informatization, and virtualization, has a transformative effect on the mentality as a whole. In the history of Russia, the fundamental transformations of society associated with the revolution of 1917 also determined changes in the language in the post-revolutionary period, which were manifested in the increase in the number of jargon, abbreviations of words, and the introduction of foreign borrowings into the language. In the works of scientists of those years, the peculiarities of the influence of foreign borrowings on people's consciousness and mentality in general were analyzed. V. M. Bekhterev, N. S. Trubetskoy, A. M. Selishchev, A. A. Potebnya and others paid attention to the study of these processes. Excessive changes in language can pose a threat to the national mentality due to their impact on traditional values, their destruction and the introduction of new values in a globalized world. The role of the media as a native speaker of a new language and as a tool for influencing mass consciousness is outlined. The most intensive manipulation of the masses through language influences increases in unstable, transitional periods of society development.

scholarly journals Etienne Cabet and the Problem of Class Antagonism

1966 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Historical Significance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Real Importance ◽  
Revolution Of 1848 ◽  
The Revolution

The place of Etienne Cabet in the history of French and European socialism has been misunderstood and its real importance diminished in part due to the only detailed study of his life and thought, Jules Prudhommeaux's Icarie et son fondateur Etienne Cabet (Paris: Cornély, 1907). This work possesses many merits but is limited by the framework made explicit in its subtitle: “a contribution to the study of Experimental Socialism”. The author is principally concerned with Cabet as the creator of a communist colony in the backwoods of America. This emphasis relieved Prudhommeaux of the task of investigating the role of Cabet in the turbulent politics of France before and during the Revolution of 1848. By ignoring this period of Icarian history, he inadvertently strengthened the impression that Cabet's historical significance was as the Utopian archetype. Such was not the unique image of the father of Icarian communism during the 1840's, however.

The Pen, the Sword, and the Crown: Islam and Revolution in Songhay Reconsidered, 1464–1493

1984 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lansiné Kaba
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Political Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Revolution

This paper examines the origin of the Askiya dynasty in Songhay, with an emphasis on the alliance between the militant ‘ulamā’ and the commanders of the northwestern province during the reign of Sonni 'Alī (1464–1492). The inadequacy of Sonni 'Alī's policy for dealing with the polarization in the cities, the increased role of the officers in these political matters, the rise of militant Islam and the division of the army: all these contributed to the downfall of the Sonni dynasty and the subsequent transfer of power to a regime inspired by Islam. The conflict in Timbuktu to which the ‘ulamā’ gave a religious justification precipitated the revolution. This revealed the importance of Islam as a factor of division, a motor for social action and political change. Indeed, many Muslim leaders had come to see themselves as members of a community worthy of ruling a predominantly non-literate country governed by a non-Muslim royalty. But for this they had to rely on the officers, and in particular Muḥammad Ture who, as a high official connected with both the main warring factions, could fulfil all the conditions for success. His victory introduced a new imperial era in the history of Islam in the Western Sudan.

The Diaristic Form and Subjectivity under Khrushchev

Slavic Review ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Pinsky
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
Soviet Literature ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Empirical Investigations

At the start of the post-Stalin period, writers and literary critics began to embrace the diaristic form as never before in Soviet history. In this article, I explore the gravitation toward this and other short and documentary genres. I foreground the subject of literary form, which has, I maintain, for too long remained in the background of scholarship on Soviet literature. The rise of a new privileged form was related dialogically to the emergence of a new normative subjectivity–one that called on citizens to engage in meticulous empirical investigations of Soviet life and to arrive at and advance their own critical conclusions about Soviet reality. In advancing these arguments, I revise the interpretations of Soviet literary history that have highlighted the significance of the novel, contributing to a growing body of scholarship on the history of Soviet subjectivity.

Reflections on Tsuyoshi Hasegawa’s Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Андрей Борисович Николаев
Keyword(s):  
Mass Politics ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Look ◽  
The Revolution

This article is a response to Tsuyoshi Hasegawa’s review of Nikolaev’s 2005 book, Revolution and Power: The IV State Duma, 27 February – 3 March 1917. It recounts the history of Nikolaev’s acquaintance with Hasegawa and underscores the importance of Hasegawa’s contributions to the understanding of the February Revolution. The response critically assesses Hasegawa’s interpretation of the February 1917 Revolution, especially his treatment of the role of Duma liberals and his emphasis on mass politics, but only in so far as the interpretation colors Hasegawa’s review of Nikolaev’s book. Nikolaev’s response adds new details to the history of the February Revolution, by showing how, on the evening of 27 February, the 1st Infantry Reserve Regiment joined the revolution. Nikolaev emphasizes that his main ambition is to persuade historians to take a new look at the role of the Duma liberals in February 1917.

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