Ummidia Quadratilla: Cagey Businesswoman or Lazy Pantomime Watcher?

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Sick
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Italian Family ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
The Masses

In letter 7.24 Pliny provides his readers with a character sketch of the elderly matriarch of a distinguished and wealthy Italian family-Ummidia Quadratilla. Ummidia passed her later years as a fan of the theater; specifically, "she had pantomimes." Pliny disapproves of the shows presented by these performers, and he chastises Ummidia for her interest in pantomime. In fact he views her conduct as symptomatic of a vice among women in general: "I have heard that she herself used to relax her mind with checkers or watch her pantomimes, as women do in the idleness of their sex." We should not be surprised by these comments; there was a tradition of ambivalence among the Romans toward the professions of the theater, and when women became involved with these professions, the ambivalence could turn to contempt. Given the general disposition of Roman males toward pantomime and women, modern readers should not so readily accept Pliny's assessment. By training her slaves as pantomimes, Ummidia was greatly increasing their value. From numerous ancient sources we know that the monetary value of slaves trained in the theatrical professions was among the highest accorded any slave. Moreover, because of Ummidia's endowment of a theater in her native Casinum and the performance of Ummidia's pantomimes in public games, we might say that she was the manager of a small "theatrical empire." Finally, because of the great interest in pantomime on the part of the masses and the desire of the upper classes, including members of various imperial families, to soothe these masses with games, control of popular pantomimes might have given Ummidia access to limited political power.

scholarly journals From Illiberal Democracy to Military Authoritarianism: Intra-Elite Struggle and Mass-Based Conflict in Deeply Polarized Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 681 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajak Kongkirati
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Social Cleavages ◽  
Illiberal Democracy ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Popular Nationalism ◽  
The Masses

Thailand fits the pattern of pernicious polarized politics identified in this volume, where a previously excluded group successfully gains political power through the ballot box, governs unilaterally to pursue radical reforms, and produces a backlash from the traditional power elites. In Thailand, elite conflict has been a major part of the story, but this article argues that political polarization there cannot be merely understood as “elite-driven”: conflict among the elites and the masses, and the interaction between them, produced polarized and unstable politics. Violent struggle is caused by class structure and regional, urban-rural disparities; elite struggle activates the existing social cleavages; and ideological framing deepens the polarization. While the Yellow Shirts and traditional elites want to restore and uphold the “Thai-style democracy” with royal nationalism, the Red Shirts espouse the “populist democracy” of strong elected government with popular nationalism and egalitarian social order.

scholarly journals Inequality in the context of economic globalization: the empirical sociological dimension

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-85
Author(s):  
Vitalina Butkaliuk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Current System ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The People ◽  
The Masses

The article is devoted to the study of the state and dynamics of socio-economic inequality in the modern world in the context of economic globalization. Based on the analysis of foreign and domestic literature, as well as large statistical and sociological information, the author argues that the implementation of neoliberal reforms has become a key factor in increasing inequality both globally and within individual countries, regardless of their level of development. The author pays special attention to public opinion research in the US and Ukraine on social inequality, social justice and the distribution of public goods. By showing that in both the most developed capitalist country, the United States, and in the "transitional" post-Soviet Ukraine, the majority of the population critically evaluates existing systems of distribution of public goods and advocates the transition to more egalitarian models of social development. In the United States, the most critical to the system of distribution of public goods in the country are such groups as the youth, the poorest segment of the people, the sympathizers of the Democratic Party and the liberals. With regard to Ukrainians, was found the connection between assessing the fairness of the current system and age, education, region of residence, and the level of respondents' income. Most critically, it is estimated by the elderly, the respondents with the lowest levels of education, the residents of the South of country and the people with the lowest income. The rise of inequality and, as a consequence, the conflict and tensions in the world, the radicalization and aggravation of the political situation are the key features of the modern neoliberal order. The inability to increase wealth for the majority of the population amid growing wealth of the richest and increasing concentration of wealth may lead to increased discontent among the masses and cause many social upheavals. The inability to increase wealth for the majority of the population amid growing wealth of the richest and increasing concentration of wealth would lead to increased discontent among the masses and cause many social upheavals.

scholarly journals Mass Screening of Vision in the Cinemas and a Maculascope for the Masses: Revival of Haidinger’s Brush

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kodikullam V. Avudainayagam ◽  
Chitralekha S. Avudainayagam
Keyword(s):  
Vision Loss ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
Central Vision ◽  
Handheld Device ◽  
Eccentric Fixation ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Central Vision Loss ◽  
The Masses

Haidinger’s brush, an entoptic phenomenon, is very useful in checking central vision loss and eccentric fixation. Haidinger’s brush is also used to provide vision training for subjects affected by eccentric fixation/lazy eye. We propose the use of Haidinger’s brush for mass self-screening of vision in cinema theatres in one go and at no cost to the subjects. We also suggest a simple projection technology for mass vision screening of subjects in waiting rooms or at shop windows of eye-care practitioners. Finally, we propose a new affordable handheld device for vision training. The test and the devices that we propose would increase public awareness of eye health, improve vision in children, and help prevent blindness in the elderly.

scholarly journals Intrinsic motivations for productive ageing

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1228
Author(s):  
Norisan Abd Karim ◽  
Haryani Haron ◽  
Natrah Abdullah ◽  
Wan Adilah Wan Adnan ◽  
Sharifah Muzlia Syed Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Intrinsic Values ◽  
The People ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Intrinsic Motivations ◽  
Klang Valley ◽  
Productive Ageing

The involvement of the elderly in the activities is low compare to younger adult due to their frailty. This paper presents intrinsic motivations for productive ageing where it highlights the factors that motivate the elderly to participate in the activities. There are thirteen elderly respondents came from the people in the urban Klang Valley. The qualitative data analysis approach is used in this study. There are five intrinsic factors, which, consist of Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness, Curiosity and Altruism that motivate the participation of the elderly in volunteering, caregiving and self-development activities in this study. This research focuses on activities that resulted intrinsic values and not on monetary value like most of past researchers. Intrinsic motivation features are significant features in ICT as the identification of the ICT features is based on motivation to use the ICT.

Imperial Political Culture in the Modern Age

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Pines
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Political Power ◽  
New Age ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Intellectual Elite ◽  
Political Unity ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Chinese Political Culture

This chapter focuses on the modern trajectory of those major aspects of traditional Chinese political culture that discussed in the previous chapters. It shows that the concept of political unity remained the least affected by the advent of modernity. However, the principle of monarchism collapsed immediately with the advent of the new age, and the intellectual elite likewise saw a gradual erosion in their political power. Descending the traditional social ladder, the chapter arrives at two groups whose positions changed dramatically in the wake of the twentieth-century upheavals: local elites and the commoners. The first were, along with the emperor, the chief victims of China's entrance into modernity; the latter—now referred to in the modern parlance, as “the masses”—were supposed to be its major beneficiaries, and certainly gained a lot, though less than what might have been expected.

The Bases of Periclean Power: The Orator

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Azoulay
Keyword(s):  
Public Speaking ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Peloponnesian War ◽  
Athenian Democracy ◽  
The Masses

This chapter examines another base of Pericles' political power: as orator. In Athens, a city rapidly moving toward democratization, persuasive oratory played a key role. Pericles was a master not only of public speaking but also of the art of remaining silent or, to be more precise, of getting his political allies to speak in his place. The chapter first considers the nature of Pericles' rhetoric and his mastery of the art of persuasion in the context of Athenian democracy before discussing the two complementary facets of Pericles' oratorical skill, authority and pedagogy, through a reading of The Peloponnesian War. It also describes how Pericles limited the number of his public interventions by delegating power in order to strengthen his own authority. The chapter argues that Pericles' measured appearances impressed the masses because they evoked not just an imperial ceremony, but possibly even a form of religious epiphany.

Voter Education on Radio as Determinant of Voting Pattern of Indigenous Elderly Women in Akoko Land, Ondo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Oluwatoyin Dorcas Ayimoro
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Women ◽  
Indigenous Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Traditional Norms ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Indigenous Nigerian society respect and believe so much in her elderly. Males and female elderly are transmitters of traditional norms and values in a sustainable manner in each community. As such, they are the sage and kingmakers appointing, decision makers through careful and flawless selection from character check overtime, delving into family history and divination of the traditional oracle. After coronation, such leaders are never corrupt; they live up to expectation by promoting the wellbeing of the masses. However, this practice has been eroded by colonization and westernization for a democratic way of appointing leaders through voting; as such countries design voter education for her citizenry. This study thus examined voter education as a determinant of voting pattern of indigenous elderly women in Akoko land through these research questions: (i) what is the demographic characteristics of the elderly women in the study area? (ii) What kind of voter education programmes is available on the selected radio stations? (iii) What is the level of participation of the women on the programme on radio? (iv) To what extent has the women benefited from their participation in voter education programme on radio? (v) How has the voter education received influenced the voting pattern of the women? The study adopted the descriptive survey research through multi stage sampling technique by purposively selecting sixty indigenous elderly women from areas of the four Local Government ( Okorun, Ese, Agbaluku, Iwaro-Oka, Supare, Oba,  Erusu, Okeagbe. Findings of the study showed that voter education in the study area impacted minimally on the respondents resulting in their skewed knowledge and voting pattern (Grand mean 2.71+2.46+2.19+2.13=116.9/4=29.2). It is recommended among others that voter education should include indigenous education, a larger coverage and quality.

Gray Power: Agenda For Future Research

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shankar A. Yelaja
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Advocacy Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Advocacy Organizations ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Life Course

ABSTRACTGray Power came into prominence in the 1970s and has received considerable attention among social gerontologists. This paper reviews studies on gray power, political consciousness among the elderly and advocacy by organizations on behalf of older people, and it considers their implications for further research. Constructing the agenda for future research on gray power requires recognizing the diversity of older people and the life-course context through which individuals shape their concepts of old age and its meaning. Studies on political power need to be longitudinal as well as cross-sectional. Furthermore, studies on the political power of older people should consider how the young and middle-aged perceive their power relative to issues of common concern. Finally the studies of age advocacy groups should be linked with those of other advocacy organizations involved in social change (e.g. the disabled). The paper concludes that research on gray power should be fostered along inter-disciplinary lines of inquiry.

Representative Government in Evolution

1932 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Beard ◽  
John D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Prime Characteristic ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Infinite Variety ◽  
The Masses

Representative government on a national scale did not originate in the psychology of primitive Teutons, as English historians long contended; nor is it a mere bourgeois institution of passing significance, designed to delude the masses, as Fascists and Bolsheviks have alleged. Its vast historical complications conform to no such simple thesis. On the contrary, representative government began its career as an instrument of political power, in a given complex of social and economic circumstances, to serve the purposes of ruling monarchs; and it has played a bewildering rôle, in form, spirit, and authority, for more than five hundred years. Flexibility has been its prime characteristic. As a means, not an end in itself, it has served an infinite variety of causes, and has displayed both adaptability and survival power. In form, it has not been a political stereotype. Rather, it has been amazingly variable. In spirit, in the ideas associated with its evolution, and in the uses to which it may be put, representative government is subtle and adaptable, offering to statesmen who have imagination and manipulative capacity a tool of inexhaustible utility.

In situ irradiation effects studies in medium- and high-voltage TEM

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
Charles W. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Particle Flux ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Irradiation Damage ◽  
Defect Complexes ◽  
Lattice Position ◽  
Electrons And Ions ◽  
The Masses

With respect to structural consequences within a material, energetic electrons, above a threshold value of energy characteristic of a particular material, produce vacancy-interstial pairs (Frenkel pairs) by displacement of individual atoms, as illustrated for several materials in Table 1. Ion projectiles produce cascades of Frenkel pairs. Such displacement cascades result from high energy primary knock-on atoms which produce many secondary defects. These defects rearrange to form a variety of defect complexes on the time scale of tens of picoseconds following the primary displacement. A convenient measure of the extent of irradiation damage, both for electrons and ions, is the number of displacements per atom (dpa). 1 dpa means, on average, each atom in the irradiated region of material has been displaced once from its original lattice position. Displacement rate (dpa/s) is proportional to particle flux (cm-2s-1), the proportionality factor being the “displacement cross-section” σD (cm2). The cross-section σD depends mainly on the masses of target and projectile and on the kinetic energy of the projectile particle.

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