Proficiency Tests in Modern Foreign Languages

PMLA ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilmarth H. Starr
Keyword(s):  
Proficiency Testing ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Matter Field ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Proficiency Tests ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

Not too many years ago if I had been told that I would be addressing this scholarly assembly on the subject of proficiency testing, I would have denied the thought as being synonymous with impeachment proceedings. I would have asserted with calculated dignity that such a subject was too pedestrian for my interests, I would have stated with just the right touch of scorn that such work was the business of social scientists, psychologists, or educationists, in short, to steal a leaf from Bill Parker's book, I would have been willing to “let George do it” or indeed would likely not have cared if it were not done at all. On the offchance that there are some among you who may still feel that same way, I ask you to let me state the case for a project which I have come to regard not only as having a claim to academic status, but one which I believe is worthy of the interest of all who would hold that testing is a proper function of teaching, and that determination of standards of performance within a subject matter field is a primary business of those who have the skills and teach the subjects which are to be evaluated.

Observations on the Provenance of the Thames Valley Pick, Swalecliffe, Kent

1926 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Worsfold
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Sloping Ground ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Treasure Trove ◽  
The Road ◽  
University College London ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
The Subject ◽  
London Clay ◽  
The Right

From the Marine Parade, Tankerton, Whitstable, looking East, one obtains a capital view of Tankerton Bay, Swalecliffe, in which my discoveries have been made which are to form the subject matter of this paper. The grassy cliff at Priest and Sow corner at the end of the road stands at 55 O.D. This height gradually declining round the arc of the bay, to die out entirely in the Long Rock occupying the middle distance and through which the Swalecliffe Brook discharges into the sea. Just beyond, a little to the right, are the disused Swalecliffe Brick Works, with Stud Hill and Hampton lying further back. To the left and edging the horizon, Herne Bay Pier is clearly discernable. The accompanying copy of (Plate I.) the 25-in. Ordnance map of this Tankerton Bay section gives the exact position of the 650 yards from the Parish Boundary Stone eastwards indicated thereon with a X in which are found the gravels and brick-earths which have proved so rich in archaeological treasure trove. The whole of this south-easterly directioned well-drained gently sloping ground, from the Priest and Sow corner to the Swalecliffe brook, forms an ideal camping site. Last April a paper was read by me before the Geological Association, at University College, London, entitled “An Examination of the Contents of the Brick Earths and Gravels of Tankerton Bay, Swalecliffe, Kent,” in which the geological aspect of this section was fairly exhaustively treated, so that in this particular it will be unnecessary for me to do more than give a brief summary of the results of that examination as to the relative age and stratigraphical sequence of the Drift material found here overlying the London Clay.

9. Easements

Land Law ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben McFarlane ◽  
Nicholas Hopkins ◽  
Sarah Nield
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Content Acquisition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

This chapter examines easements and how they relate to the content, acquisition and defences questions. Easement refers to the right of a landowner to enjoy a limited use of neighbouring land. An essential feature of an easement is the need for two pieces of land: the dominant land to which the benefit of the easement is attached and the servient land over which the easement is exercised. This chapter considers the four defining characteristics of an easement: there must be two distinct areas of land — dominant land and servient land; the dominant and servient land must be owned by diffrent people; the easement must ‘accommodate’ the dominant land; and the right must be capable of forming the subject matter of a grant. It also discusses the express creation vs. implied creation of an easement, along with defences that can defeat an easement.

17. The Essential Characteristics of Easements

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Bogusz ◽  
Roger Sexton
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Explanatory Text ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Primary Materials

Titles in the Complete series combine extracts from a wide range of primary materials with clear explanatory text to provide readers with a complete introductory resource. This chapter discusses the characteristics of an easement: there must be a dominant and a servient tenement; the easement must accommodate the dominant tenement; the easement must be owned or occupied by different people; and an easement must be capable of forming the subject matter of a grant. All four characteristics must exist for a right claimed to be an easement. If any one of those is missing then the right is not an easement.

On the action exerted upon the staphylococcus pyogenes by human blood fluids, and on the elaboration of protective elements in the human organism in response to inoculations of a staphylococcus vaccine.

1905 ◽  
Vol 74 (497-506) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almroth Edward Wright ◽  
Stewart Ranken Douglas ◽  
John Scott Burdon-Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Normal Human Blood

The subject matter with which we have here to deal may be distributed under the following headings :— (1) Determination of the nature of the action which is exerted upon the Staphylococcus pyogenes by normal human blood fluids, and by the blood fluids of patients who have been inoculated with a staphylococcus vaccine. (2) Comparison of the phagocytic power of the subjects of staphyloeoccus invasion with the phagocytic power of normal individuals. (3) Distribution in the infected organism of the opsonins which here come into consideration. (4) Determination of the question as to whether the opsonins are present in the blood of the infant at birth. (5) Determination of the course of the reaction of immunisation which supervenes upon the inoculation of a staphylococcus vaccine.

An Achievement test in Solid Geometry

1928 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Louis A. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Achievement Test ◽  
School Mathematics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Teacher ◽  
Secondary School Mathematics ◽  
Solid Geometry ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

In the work of teaching secondary school mathematics in a large school where there are as many as twelve different divisions of the same subject, it would be very interesting and indeed very enlightening to see the different grades of work being done. Different teachers have their own pet ways of doing things, of presenting new matter, of conducting recitations, of drilling on old matter, of developing mathematical power in their pupils, etc. And yet they are all striving for the same results. The fact that one teacher's pupils consistently attain better results naturally should put a premium on that teacher's methods, and the work of the department would be improved if some of the other teachers would take a leaf out of the successful teacher's book. Students will often remark “So and So is a good teacher; I get a lot out of his class; he makes things clear; he has good discipline; he certainly gets the stuff over, etc.”An inspector visits the class, notes the attitude of the pupils, the personality and skill of the teacher, and oftentimes is familiar enough with the subject matter of the recitation to see if the pupils are catching and giving back the right things, and then grades the teacher as an Al man, for example. But does the opinion of the boys themselves or the visitor answer the question whether or not the teacher is successful in giving his subject to the pupils? Don't we need something more objective, more tangible, more exact on which to pin our faith? In general the supervisors are hitting it right, also the students, but we think we can do better.

The Number of Zeros of a Polynomial in a Half-Plane

1960 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Half Plane ◽  
Continued Fraction ◽  
Complex Polynomial ◽  
Continued Fraction Expansion ◽  
Left Half ◽  
Number Of Zeros ◽  
Full Discussion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

The determination of the number of zeros of a complex polynomial in a half-plane, in particular in the upper and lower, or right and left, half-planes, has been the subject of numerous papers, and a full discussion, with many references, is given in Marden (l) and Wall (2), where the basis for the determination is a continued-fraction expansion, or H.C.F. algorithm, in terms of which the number of zeros in one of the half-planes can be written down at once. In addition, determinantal formulae for the relevant elements of the algorithm can be obtained, and these lead to determinantal criteria for the number of zeros, including that of Hurwitz (3) for the right and left half-planes.

Heritability of the Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2d:4d): A Twin Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon N. Paul ◽  
Bernet S. Kato ◽  
Lynn F. Cherkas ◽  
Toby Andrew ◽  
Tim D. Spector
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Variance Components Analysis ◽  
Fourth Finger ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Best Fit

AbstractThe second to fourth finger length ratio (2d:4d) has been the subject of much recent work and is thought to be related to diverse gender and hormone-related traits including sports ability, disease susceptibility, attractiveness and sexuality. It is established in utero and remains constant in adulthood. Familial clustering has been thought to contribute to the development of 2d:4d from early studies but no twin studies exploring heritability have been reported to date. In this study, a sample of 456 female twin pairs (148 monozygotic [MZ], 308 dizygotic [DZ]) aged 18 to 79 years was used to estimate the heritability of 2d:4d for the right and left hands. Finger lengths were derived from hand xrays. Variance components analysis was used to estimate and contrast genetic and environmental effects on this phenotype. The mean 2d:4d was 0.92 (SD = 0.001) for both hands. The MZ intraclass correlation was higher than in DZ (.66 vs. .35 for right 2d:4d, and .71 vs. .37 for left 2d:4d). The best fit model included additive polygenic and unique environmental effects (‘AE’ model), with no significant common environmental effects detected. Heritability was estimated to be approximately 66% for 2d:4d (95% confidence interval 0.5–0.78). These results suggest a substantial genetic contribution to the determination of this hormonally related skeletal ratio in women, which could be more influential than the effects of common prenatal environmental factors. However the current study design does not preclude the possibility of confounding between heritability estimates and unobserved prenatal effects.

scholarly journals The formation of metalanguage skills among bilingual elementary schoolers as a linguodidactic strategy of teaching three languages

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Vilena Yakovlevna Unarova
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary School Teachers ◽  
English Language ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Bilingual Students ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
Teachers And Parents

The subject of this research is the method of formation of metalanguage skills among the bilingual elementary schoolers by means of the native (ethnic), Russian and English languages. The object of this research is the process of teaching native (ethnic), Russian and foreign languages in elementary school. Particular attention is given to the examination of prerequisites of formation of metalanguage skills, creation of conceptual grounds and methodology of their formation as a linguodidactic strategy of interconnected teaching of three languages in the conditions of contact bilingualism in the Russian regions. The preliminary survey conducted among the elementary school teachers  and teachers of English language demonstrated that they experience certain difficulties in organization of methodical work on implementation of interconnected teaching of languages. For the purpose of development of scientifically substantiated methodology of formation of metalanguage skills and experimental determination of its effectiveness, a comprehensive research was conducted in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and Chuvash Republic, which included surveying teachers and parents, recitation of first graders, written tasks for multilingual and bilingual students of elementary school. The scientific novelty consists in identification of peculiarities of the formation of metalanguage skills among bilingual children, as well as main difficulties associated with learning several languages in elementary school. In accordance with ontolinguistic, psycholinguistic and cognitive approaches, the author develops and substantiates a linguodidactic complex on the interconnected formation of metalanguage skills among bilingual students of elementary schools.

scholarly journals Validation of the cone penetrometer suitability for determining the state of soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-280
Author(s):  
M. Maślakowski ◽  
K. Brzeziński ◽  
A. Zbiciak ◽  
K. Józefiak
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
The State ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Cone Penetrometer ◽  
Dynamic Cone Penetrometer ◽  
The Subject

AbstractThe subject matter of this paper is assessment of the suitability of a dynamic cone penetrometer for determination of the state of soil. The principle of operation of the dynamic cone penetrometer, similar to commonly used DPL penetrometers, is described in the paper. Next the results of investigation conducted in Poland using a new dynamic cone penetrometer are presented. A series of measurements were performed in real field conditions. An attempt was made to correlate the results obtained with the dynamic and static cone penetrometers (CPT) respectively. These correlations were then subjected to validation to obtain a preliminary evaluation of the suitability of the dynamic cone penetrometer for determining the state of soil.

scholarly journals Ghostwriters as a Legal Phenomenon: Features and Perspectives of Legal Regulation of Their Activity

Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
N. V. Zaitseva
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Fundamental Property ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Property Right ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

The paper is devoted to the problem of using the work of another person in the intellectual field, primarily in literary activity. The involvement of ghostwriters in writing literary works has created a legal phenomenon when the subject matter of contractual relations represents the inalienable non-property right, namely: the right of authorship the transfer of which is not possible in many jurisdictions, and in others, despite the absence of an explicit prohibition, there is no legal regulation of such alienation. However, the existence of ghostwriters cannot be assessed as a unique phenomenon of modernity. In our time, they have only gained new forms and a special place not only in the literary, but also in the scientific field. In this regard, the establishment of legal mechanisms for attracting and regulating ghostwriters is more effective than the establishment of a system of prohibitions.In the conditions of changing publishing businesses and increasing ways and forms of proof, questions about the authenticity of a person's authorship began to arise increasingly, especially in the field of scientific and scholarly literature, where the work of "new" researchers is often used. The issue of assignment of the right of authorship (copyright) — a fundamental property right — is treated differently in different legal systems. The continental system of law relies on impossibility of transferring copyright from one entity to another as part of a civil law transaction. Therefore, instances of attribution of authorship are assessed in the context of criminal or administrative law. It forms the legal essence of the division of rights of authorship into property and nonproperty ones: any commercial rights to intellectual property can be ceded except the authorship.

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