The Number of Zeros of a Polynomial in a Half-Plane

1960 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Talbot

The determination of the number of zeros of a complex polynomial in a half-plane, in particular in the upper and lower, or right and left, half-planes, has been the subject of numerous papers, and a full discussion, with many references, is given in Marden (l) and Wall (2), where the basis for the determination is a continued-fraction expansion, or H.C.F. algorithm, in terms of which the number of zeros in one of the half-planes can be written down at once. In addition, determinantal formulae for the relevant elements of the algorithm can be obtained, and these lead to determinantal criteria for the number of zeros, including that of Hurwitz (3) for the right and left half-planes.

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon N. Paul ◽  
Bernet S. Kato ◽  
Lynn F. Cherkas ◽  
Toby Andrew ◽  
Tim D. Spector

AbstractThe second to fourth finger length ratio (2d:4d) has been the subject of much recent work and is thought to be related to diverse gender and hormone-related traits including sports ability, disease susceptibility, attractiveness and sexuality. It is established in utero and remains constant in adulthood. Familial clustering has been thought to contribute to the development of 2d:4d from early studies but no twin studies exploring heritability have been reported to date. In this study, a sample of 456 female twin pairs (148 monozygotic [MZ], 308 dizygotic [DZ]) aged 18 to 79 years was used to estimate the heritability of 2d:4d for the right and left hands. Finger lengths were derived from hand xrays. Variance components analysis was used to estimate and contrast genetic and environmental effects on this phenotype. The mean 2d:4d was 0.92 (SD = 0.001) for both hands. The MZ intraclass correlation was higher than in DZ (.66 vs. .35 for right 2d:4d, and .71 vs. .37 for left 2d:4d). The best fit model included additive polygenic and unique environmental effects (‘AE’ model), with no significant common environmental effects detected. Heritability was estimated to be approximately 66% for 2d:4d (95% confidence interval 0.5–0.78). These results suggest a substantial genetic contribution to the determination of this hormonally related skeletal ratio in women, which could be more influential than the effects of common prenatal environmental factors. However the current study design does not preclude the possibility of confounding between heritability estimates and unobserved prenatal effects.


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Tomasz Duraj

THE EMPLOYEE’S SUBORDINATION TO THE EMPLOYERAS REGARDS WORKING HOURS. SELECTED PROBLEMSSummary The subject of this paper is a description of the characteristic features of an employee’s subordination to his employer as regards working hours. An employer’s management rights in this respect are particularly relevant as regards the efficiency of the employee’s work and reduce the risk that any defective work on the employee’s part could mean for the employer. The author analyses the management rights of employers relating to factors contributing to the organisation of working hours such as the standard, extent, system, and schedule of working hours. His deliberations on these issues show that an employer’s rights pertaining to unilateral determination of working hours are in fact restricted. This is so because usually the system or schedule of working hours tends to be established in the context of a collective employment system or set of rules, in other words the employer’s freedom to make decisions is limited since he is obliged to cooperate with the trade unions active in his company or business. The widest scope of rights employers enjoy as regards the organisation of working hours concerns the right to order employees to work overtime and unscheduled time (but with consideration of any hours of duty on a rota system or duty travel); and as regards the compilation of detailed timetables of working hours.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
D.D. Yakimova ◽  
◽  
E.V. Kozhemyakina ◽  
V.N. Nikitin ◽  
◽  
...  

The study of human gait is of interest in determining its individual characteristics that affect the loads experienced by the joints of the lower extremities. To analyze the gait in the lateral projection, an experiment was carried out with placed markers on the subject's body to determine the interarticular angles in the hip, knee and ankle joints. The graphs of the dependences of these angles on time were built, corresponding to a certain phase of the step. It was found that the range of changes in the angle in the left ankle joint in the subject was significantly different from the dependence obtained for the right joint. Based on the subject's anamnesis, we associate these differences with the fact that there was an ankle joint injury that affected the condition of the ligamentous apparatus of the joint. In further work, it is proposed to consider a person's gait not only in the lateral, but also in the frontal (anteroposterior) plane to assess all movements in the joints, especially those associated with the abduction of the limbs and the human body from the vertical line on the specified plane.


Author(s):  
Azer Kagraman Ogly Kagramanov

The subject of this research is the examination of evolution of the idea of self-determination of peoples based on the fundamental works of the Russian and foreign scholars, thinkers of the antiquity and modernity. The author considers the transformations experienced by the principle of self-determination at various historical stages of development; as well as builds a corresponding systems of the development cycles. The conclusion is made that after conception of the idea of self-determination, the colonial powers viewed this concept as ethical, seeing the threat to legitimacy of the established order. Therefore, throughout almost a century, the leading countries refused to include this right into the corresponding international and domestic documents. The main conclusions are as follows: after consolidation of the principle in the Charter of the United Nations, it became the foundation for the emergence of news states and destruction of the colonial world; the principle served as a leitmotif for the development of human rights and international relations, but at the same time became a threat and challenge to the territorial integrity; wars between the countries are replaced with the civil and interethnic conflicts; the world is captured with such phenomena as state nationalism that subsequently grew into extremely radical forms, such as fascism and Nazism; the modern international law actively promotes the two competing principles – territorial integrity and self-determination; in modern world, the right to self-determination is not limited by peoples under the colonial past – there occur new forms of self-determination that threaten the existence of sovereign states. Uncertainty of the status of the newly emerged states formations serves as the source of domestic and international tension, which inevitably leads to intergovernmental clashes and negatively impacts geopolitical situation in separate regions and in the world as a whole.


Author(s):  
Stanislav Vladimirovich Kalashnikov

The subject of this this research is the normative legal and legal acts of the government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation included into the Ural Federal District (Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk regions, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Ugra and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) that regulate the administrative legal mechanism for exercising the right of citizens to appeal to the government bodies in the indicated regions. Special  attention is given to the importance and need for legal regulation of the issues associated with arranging additional guarantees and exercising the right of citizens to appeal to government bodies, particularly on the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation included into the Ural Federal District. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the aforementioned normative legal act and legal acts, the author reveals the peculiarities of legal regulation of the administrative legal mechanism for exercising the right of citizens to appeal to government bodies in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation included into the Ural Federal District, the limits of norm-setting authorities of the listed regions of the Russian Federation, specificities of securing additional guarantees of the rights of citizens to appeal to government bodies in the corresponding regional laws, approaches towards consolidation of the categorical and conceptual apparatus, determination of parties to legal relations in the area of exercising the right of citizens to appeal to government bodies, the role of normative legal and legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation included into the Ural Federal District within the mechanism of exercising the right of citizens to appeal to government bodies. The conclusion is formulated on the prospect of the approaches of certain constituent entities of the Russian Federation towards legal regulation of the mechanism for exercising the right of citizens to appeal government. The author also makes recommendation for its improvement.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-67
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yusuf Prasetiawan ◽  
Lis Safitri

The purpose of this paper is to provide a description of the emergence and rise of pop culture and the phenomenon of the Muhibbin which became a wave among students. Pop culture usually only lives in modern, urbanistic society, whereas Islamic boarding schools are known as Islamic education institutions that are generally traditionalist, closed, and conventional. As the pesantren metamorphic wave with many formal schools has sprung up since the 2000s, the pesantren’s contact with the outside world has become more intense, the influences of giving color, and new streams, especially in this social media culture, indications of the emergence of pop culture have strengthened. This study is a cross method or method combination of quantitative and qualitative, using participatory heuristic techniques (observation, interview, documentation), verification, and interpretation in digging data. This is sectional research or in a limited period (January-June 2019). Determination of informants using random sampling techniques, from 183 Islamic boarding schools listed in the Ministry of Religion Banyumas Regency, 31 boarding schools were taken, with each of the 3-4 students, bringing the total to 100 respondents. The results showed that the relationship between the santri community and pop culture was not new since the religious songs industry was booming, but with the emergence of the Muhibbin trend (lovers of the Apostles with sholawat songs), the santri community found the right form of contradictory relations between orthodoxy students with trendy pop, because Santri is the object and the subject at the same time. Muhibbin wave embodies a compromise between Santri’s sacred Islamic values and pop expression as a young spirit, where the age of santri in general.   Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk memberikan deskripsi tentang kemunculan dan maraknya budaya pop di kalangan santri dan fenomena Muhibbin yang menjadi wave. Budaya pop biasanya hanya hidup dalam masyarakat modern yang urbanistik, sedangkan Pesantren dikenal sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam yang umumnya tradisionalis, tertutup dan konvensional. Seiring gelombang metamorfosa Pesantren dengan sekolah formal yang banyak bermunculan sejak tahun 2000-an, persentuhan Pesantren dengan dunia luar kian intens, pengaruh masuk memberi warna, dan arus baru (newmainstream), terlebih dalam budaya sosial media ini, Indikasi munculnya pop culture pun menguat. Penelitian ini merupakan cross methode atau metode kombinasi antara kuantitatif dan kualitatif, mengggunakan teknik heuristik partisipatoris (observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi), verifikasi, serta interpretasi dalam menggali data. Penelitian bersifat sectional research atau dalam kurun waktu terbatas (Januari-Juni 2019). Penentuan informan menggunakan teknik random sampling, dari 183 Pesantren yang terdaftar pada Dipontren Kantor Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Banyumas, diambil 31 Pesantren, dengan masing-masing 3-4 santri, sehingga total menjadi 100 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentuhan komunitas santri dengan budaya pop bukanlah hal baru, telah terjadi sejak industri lagu-lagu religius booming, tetapi dengan munculnya trend Muhibbin (pecinta Rasul dengan lagu-lagu sholawat), komunitas santri menemukan bentuk yang tepat dari relasi yang kontradiktif antara ortodoksi santri dengan pop yang trendy, karena Santri menjadi objek dan subjeknya sekaligus. Muhibbin wave mewujudkani sebuah kompromi antara nilai keislaman Santri yang sakral dengan ekspresi pop sebagai semangat muda, dimana usia santri pada umumnya.


PMLA ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilmarth H. Starr

Not too many years ago if I had been told that I would be addressing this scholarly assembly on the subject of proficiency testing, I would have denied the thought as being synonymous with impeachment proceedings. I would have asserted with calculated dignity that such a subject was too pedestrian for my interests, I would have stated with just the right touch of scorn that such work was the business of social scientists, psychologists, or educationists, in short, to steal a leaf from Bill Parker's book, I would have been willing to “let George do it” or indeed would likely not have cared if it were not done at all. On the offchance that there are some among you who may still feel that same way, I ask you to let me state the case for a project which I have come to regard not only as having a claim to academic status, but one which I believe is worthy of the interest of all who would hold that testing is a proper function of teaching, and that determination of standards of performance within a subject matter field is a primary business of those who have the skills and teach the subjects which are to be evaluated.


1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. van der Poorten

The elementary nature and simplicity of the theory of continued fractions is mostly well disguised in the literature. This makes one reluctant to quote sources when making a remark on the subject and seems to necessitate redeveloping the theory ab initio. That had best be done succinctly. That is done here and allows the retrieval of some amusing results on pattern in the period of the continued fraction expansion of quadratic integers.


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