The Optimal Design of Hunting Weapons: Maintainability or Reliability

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bleed
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Hunting Strategies ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Technical Systems

Design engineers share archaeologists' interest in material culture, but unlike archaeologists, engineers have developed concepts for determining the suitability of technical systems to perform specific tasks. Given the difficulty archaeologists face in developing theories of material culture, I suggest that guiding principles of engineering design offer potentially useful insights.In this article I discuss two design alternatives for optimizing the availability of any technical system - reliability and maintainability. Reliable systems are made so that they can be counted on to work when needed. Maintainable ones can easily be made to function if they are broken or not appropriate to the task at hand. Because these design alternatives have markedly different optimal applications and observably different physical characteristics, archaeologists can link the design of prehistoric weapons to environmental constraints and to specific hunting strategies. Ethnographic examples indicate that primitive hunters do use both reliable and maintainable systems in optimal situations.

scholarly journals Some important details on technical system: Matrix representation, odds ratio, embedding subsystems

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (Suppl. 6) ◽  
pp. 1909-1915
Author(s):  
Mehmet Gurcan ◽  
Ayse Bugatekin ◽  
Yunus Gural
Keyword(s):  
Order Statistics ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Matrix Representation ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Probability Vector ◽  
System Matrix ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Technical Systems

The system signature calculated independently from the distribution of the lifetime of the units in the analysis of technical systems enables us to have important information about the reliability of the system. System signature is a probability vector obtained from possible sequences of units according to the moments of deterioration. The reliability of the system can be easily obtained if the distribution of the lifetime of the units is known and if the distributions can be listed as open among themselves. However, when the distributions cannot be listed as open among themselves, it is a very important finding that the system reliability is calculated with the help of system signature by generating the order statistics. It is also possible to calculate the odds ratios of the units when the lifetime of the units is certain. In this study, odds ratio could be calculated by calculating the probability of fail the system of each unit by considering the possible situations of the system, as in the system signature, regardless of the distribution of lifetime of the units. In addition, the technical system is represented by a matrix by establishing a relation between the system fail probabilities of the units obtained in the study and the system signature. However, examples of some technical systems given in the study.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Aha-Experience as an Indicator of Correct Solutions in Functional Analysis in Engineering Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1947-1956
Author(s):  
Christoph Zimmerer ◽  
Thomas Nelius ◽  
Sven Matthiesen
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unknown Solution

AbstractThe functional analysis of technical systems is an important part of the design process. To further improve the design process, especially the functional analysis, it must not be viewed as a monodisciplinary process. To this end, cognitive factors such as the aha-experience must also be included in studies of analysis processes to a greater extent. This paper investigates the relationship between the occurrence of aha-experiences and the correctness of solutions in the analysis of a technical system. An aha-experience is a strong feeling of subjective certainty that accompanies the cognitive process of suddenly finding a previously unknown solution. For this purpose, a study on the functional analysis was evaluated. The results show that many identified subfunctions of the system under investigation were identified with an aha-experience and that these subfunctions are more often correct. The results also suggest that aha-experiences occur more often among students than among experienced design engineers. Especially among students, a positive relation of aha-experiences on the correctness of the identified subfunction can be seen. This offers potential for further investigations to make aha-experiences useful in design methods.

Multicriterial Optimization of Technical Systems Considering Multiple Load and Availability Scenarios

2015 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena C. Altherr ◽  
Thorsten Ederer ◽  
Philipp Pöttgen ◽  
Ulf Lorenz ◽  
Peter F. Pelz
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Multicriterial Optimization ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
Rule Number ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Multiple Load ◽  
Modern Optimization

Cheap does not imply cost-effective -- this is rule number one of zeitgeisty system design. The initial investment accounts only for a small portion of the lifecycle costs of a technical system. In fluid systems, about ninety percent of the total costs are caused by other factors like power consumption and maintenance. With modern optimization methods, it is already possible to plan an optimal technical system considering multiple objectives. In this paper, we focus on an often neglected contribution to the lifecycle costs: downtime costs due to spontaneous failures. Consequently, availability becomes an issue.

The Coming of Multiple-Access Computers

1967 ◽  
Vol 71 (676) ◽  
pp. 235-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Batch Processing ◽  
Central Processor ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Typical Problem ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Digital Computers

When digital computers first became available many of us expected that they would have an early and significant impact on engineering design. This did not happen, and the reasons why it did not are worth examining. For one thing, the early computers were not nearly large enough; engineers do not build things out of spheres and parallelograms as mathematicians do, and quite a lot of storage space is needed to describe a typical problem in engineering design. Unfortunately, the big computers when they came were so expensive that it was not considered economic to allow users to handle them personally, and batch-processing techniques were introduced. The result was to create a barrier between the computer and the design engineer, and to make it impossible for him to get results of any kind without a delay amounting to a few hours at the very best, and often to much more. Emphasis in fact, was put on the efficiency with which the central processor of the computer was used and no regard at all was paid to the efficiency with which the users—in this case programmers and design engineers—worked. We are on the threshold of a development which, there is every reason to hope, will change the situation radically.

Design Science: Meta-Science to Engineering Design

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ernst Eder
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Automation ◽  
Design Science ◽  
International Group ◽  
Previous Design ◽  
Technical Systems

Abstract Following on from a paper presented at a previous Design Automation Conference (Eder 1986), this paper outlines some of the more recent insights concerning engineering design that have been developed by a small international group. Some of the models of designing and technical systems have been improved. A morphology of knowledge about designing and technical systems has been proposed, and extended to a morphology of knowledge itself. Some consequences are drawn from these developments, and summarized in this paper.

DIGITAL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF A COMPLEX TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
A.R. ABLAEV ◽  
E.V. KHROMOV ◽  
R.R. ABLAEV ◽  
A.P. POLYAKOV
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Software Support ◽  
Complex Technical System ◽  
Complex Optimization ◽  
Complex Technical Systems ◽  
Technical Systems

The article investigates the issue of optimization of a complex technical system at the stage of its design using a heuristic–phenomenological approach. The analysis of the principles of complex optimization of complex technical systems is carried out. A four–level structure for the synthesis of methodological, informational and software support for complex optimization of complex technical systems is proposed, which will allow controlling the programmable parameters of complex technical systems at each stage of their design.

scholarly journals Probabilistic-deterministic approach of controlling the functionality of a technical system in normal and emergency operation modes

2018 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Zababurin ◽  
Marina A. Egorova ◽  
Yuliya A. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Open Systems ◽  
System Development ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Emergency Operation ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Self Organized Criticality ◽  
Technical Systems

The main disadvantages of the existing methods of managing the current state of technical systems are revealed. A non-standard approach is proposed for managing the functionality of the system in emergency situations. The character of the dynamics of the recovery processes of the technical system is determined as its state approaches the emergency one on the basis of the recommendations of the theory of self-organized criticality (SOC). The physical criteria for assessing the current state of the technical system are revealed. The rationale for using the physical indicator of the functional destabilization of the system is given. The signs of the pre-emergency state of the technical system are considered. A grapho-analytical model for the development of an emergency situation has been developed. The fact of the inevitable increase in the entropy of the system upon its transition to an emergency state is established. Structuring of the system development process in an emergency situation is carried out in three stages. The methodology for estimating the pre-emergency state of complex open systems is presented. The advantages of the proposed approach to managing the state of technical systems in comparison with traditional ones are established.

scholarly journals Bottlenecks, Modules, and Dynamic Architectural Capabilities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carliss Y. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Value Capture ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Technical Architecture ◽  
Complex Technical System ◽  
Technical Systems

How do firms create and capture value in large technical systems? In this paper, I argue that the points of both value creation and value capture are the system’s bottlenecks. Bottlenecks arise first as important technical problems to be solved. Once the problem is solved, Then the solution in combination with organizational boundaries and property rights can be used to capture a stream of rents. The tools a firm can use to manage bottlenecks are, first, an understanding first of the technical architecture of the system; and, second, an understanding of the industry architecture in which the technical system is embedded. Although these tools involve disparate bodies of knowledge, they must be used in tandem to achieve maximum effect. Dynamic architectural capabilities provide managers with the ability to see a complex technical system in an abstract way and change the system’s structure to manage bottlenecks and modules in conjunction with the firm’s organizational boundaries and property rights.

scholarly journals COW HOUSING UNDER SANITARY AND HYGIENIC CONDITIONS OF MILK PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1(82)) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
E. Tomashevsky ◽  
R. Varpikhovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Thermal Balance ◽  
Technological Regime ◽  
Ventilation Control ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Commercial Milk ◽  
Hygienic Conditions

It is established that in the stall period (November - March) the microclimate of the cowshed is 4.0 points, which complies with the engineering design conditions, to improve the parameters it is necessary to optimize the conditions regarding the concentration of harmful gases in the air and microbial contamination. Well-timed faeces disposal and air ventilation control will optimize these parameters. It is proven that the thermal balance of the building depends on the created conditions of comfortable keeping of cows and their number in the building, as well as heat loss through the enclosing structures: gates, windows, ceiling, floor and walls, the thermal balance in the cowshed is made for the outside temperature of (-4,3 ° С). Since sanitary and hygienic conditions of cow housing do not meet the optimal design and technological regime, and the amount of microorganisms in the air of the room is above norm and negatively affects the health of cattle, it is necessary to implement integrated elements of technology in the process of commercial milk production and rationalize the schedule while maintaining standards of technological design.

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