Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development

1993 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mancur Olson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Increase Productivity

Under anarchy, uncoordinated competitive theft by “roving bandits” destroys the incentive to invest and produce, leaving little for either the population or the bandits. Both can be better off if a bandit sets himself up as a dictator—a “stationary bandit” who monopolizes and rationalizes theft in the form of taxes. A secure autocrat has an encompassing interest in his domain that leads him to provide a peaceful order and other public goods that increase productivity. Whenever an autocrat expects a brief tenure, it pays him to confiscate those assets whose tax yield over his tenure is less than their total value. This incentive plus the inherent uncertainty of succession in dictatorships imply that autocracies will rarely have good economic performance for more than a generation. The conditions necessary for a lasting democracy are the same necessary for the security of property and contract rights that generates economic growth.

Reform, corruption, and growth: Why corruption is more devastating in Russia than in China

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intervening Factors

This article explains why massive political corruption appears to be incompatible with economic growth in Russia but compatible with very rapid economic growth in China. The common assumption is that corruption is bad for economic performance. So how can we explain the puzzling contrast between Russia and China? Is Russia being more severely “punished” for its corruption than China? If so, why? This article demonstrates that three intervening factors—comparative advantage, the organization of corruption, and the nature of rents—determines the impact of corruption on economic performance, and that these factors can explain the divergent outcomes. The article thereby offers an alternative to statist explanations of the Russia-China paradox.

Mixed public goods, consumption externality, and economic growth

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. S. Ramamohan Rao ◽  
Umamaheswaran Kalpagam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Consumption Externality

The Myth of Middle Class Moderation: African Lessons for South Africa

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Pauline H. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
The Government

An underlying assumption that ocurs in both conventional wisdom and in many academic analyses of political behavior is the notion that a critical linkage exists between political change and economic performance. The assumption is that economic growth is either a precondition or a correlate of democracy and political stability. Little empirical research has been done to test the validity of this widely held assumption as it applies to multicultural societies. Moreover, in the African environment, the assumption seems to operate only in selected cases or in ways that defy categorization. Jerry Rawlings, for example, said he led his first coup d’etat in Ghana because the government was going to devalue the currency; he led his second coup, in part, because the next government was going to devalue; and, during his own tenure in office, he has presided over a 1000 percent devaluation.

Illusions of Clustering: A Systematic Evaluation on the Effects of Clusters on Regional Economic Performance in Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 016001762110187
Author(s):  
Hyunha Shin ◽  
Junseok Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Pca Method ◽  
Regional Economic Performance

Korea has pursued a cluster-based policy to increase industrial competitiveness and to alleviate development gaps between the regions. However, local governments have often oversupplied clusters without an objective examination of the demands and conditions in the regions. Based on these concerns, this study analyses effects and interdependencies of factors related to regional innovation and growth in Korea. Employing a PCA method and a GLS regression models on panel data, we generated three composite factors, social, capacity, and clustering, and estimated their effects on regional economic performance. The results show that it is important to have a favorable socio-economic setting to foster growth by clusters. In addition, cluster-based policies may have weaker effects than expected, because the effect of R&D capacity on regional growth was stronger and longer lasting. Finally, some specific elements that most affected economic growth in Korea’s regions are identified. The overall results indicate favorable environments should be established beforehand to foster regional growth with clusters, which confirms “jobs follow people.”

International Trade and Economic Performance in Tanzania: Further Evidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ally A. L. Kilindo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Spurious Regression ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Manufactured Goods

Abstract The study investigated the role of international trade in economic performance in Tanzania for the post reform period, from 1980 to 2018. International trade is measured by disaggregated imports and exports while economic performance is measured by GDP growth. Exports are disaggregated into manufactured goods and non-manufactured goods while imports are disaggregated into capital goods and intermediate goods. To obtain robust non-spurious regression results, Dickey-Fuller (D-F) and Phillips-Peron (PP) Unit Root tests were performed. Johansen Co-integration tests were employed to investigate long-run relationships between export, imports and economic growth. The Johansen test suggested a long-run relationship between international trade and its components and economic development. In addition, the Error Correction Model (ECM) results further supported a long-run relationship between international trade and economic growth in Tanzania. This calls for further opening of the economy and further liberalisation of trade restrictions.

scholarly journals Trade Policies and Economic Growth

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Thanawat Chalkual ◽  
Jeanne Peng ◽  
Shijia Liang ◽  
Yao Ju
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Restrictive Trade ◽  
Tariff Rates ◽  
Economic Growth Rates ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to examine the relationship between trade policies and economic growth. In order to test whether restrictive trade policies have a positive impact on economic growth, we investigate America, Australia and China, and, analyse how their economic performance varies between a free trade environment and a relatively protective trade environment. In this paper, we focus on comparative advantage and use various data such as tariff rate, GDP growth rate, unemployment rate, etc. to test the influence of trade policies on economic growth.We find some support that less restrictive trade policy leads to better economic growth; however overall tariff rates do not seem to have a strong effect on economic growth rates

scholarly journals An assessment of the interrelations between country risk, economic growth and good governance: The case of the Visegrád four

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-627
Author(s):  
Daniel Francois Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Country Risk ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Short Run

nvestors assess the environment and the level of risk before they invest in a specific region or country. Several country risk indexes have been developed since the beginning of the 1990s, using risk factors such as politics, the economy and sovereign risk factors. This study aims to determine the relationships between the country risk index, economic performance and good governance. The study implemented a quantitative research methodology with panel data, focusing on the four Visegrad countries, using time-series data from 1996 to 2019. The results indicate both long- and short-run relationships. Both GDP and good governance significantly impact the country risk index with coefficients of between 0.17 to 0.31 and 0.02 to 0.15 according to different estimation models. The Granger causality results indicated that both GDP and good governance cause changes in the country risk indexes of the countries, and good governance causes increased economic performance. In conclusion, the study showed clear evidence that a lower country risk index is important to attract investment and sustained economic growth and good governance is critical in this process.          

scholarly journals Perbedaan Kinerja Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Pada Kuartal Ramadhan dan Rata-Rata Kuartal diluar Ramadhan dan Idul Fitri

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Dewi Muninggar Lintangjohor Sribanu ◽  
Eko Fajar Cahyono
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
T Test ◽  
Individual Behaviour ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of this study was to find the difference of economic growth between quartal with Ramadhan and quartal outside of Ramadhan (the average). This study use quantitative methods using t-test, to find the comparison between the economic growth from quartal of Ramadhan and quartal outside Ramadhan. Our result find that economic growth in quartal of Ramadhan is higher than the average quartal outside Ramadhan, religious practice can affect individual behaviour and beliefs in a ways that have implications for economic performance. Economic growth in quartal of Ramadhan increase, because people tend to consume more than in other months.Keywords: Economic Growth, Ramadhan and economy, The Effect of Holiday to Economy, GDP

scholarly journals Investigating Investment, Inflation, Trade-Openness and Economic Progress Nexus for Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol V (IV) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Aftab Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Masood Anwar ◽  
Ghulam Yahya Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Critical Measure ◽  
Selection Of Variables ◽  
Guide Lines ◽  
Selection Of

Since inflation and trade openness rate are considered as critical measure of an economy's health. This article analyze the relation of Economic growth with Investment, Inflation and Trade Openness of Pakistan for 1970- 2019. The policy guide lines from analysis include promotion of policies to increase Investment and Trade-openness in short and long-terms. The study used ARDL bound-testing for long-term and Un-Restricted-Error Correction techniques to discover short-term interrelation amongst a selection of variables. Results of study revealed inflation negatively related to economic performance and positively linked to Investment and Trade-Openness. Findings of enquiry suggested government should focus more on investment friendly policies in the country.

scholarly journals Learning Losses Caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic - A Significant Threat to Economic Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Tea Kasradze ◽  
Nino Zarnadze
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
The Impact

Numerous studies show that there is a positive correlation between education and the economic development of the country. Strong education systems have a positive impact not only on the success of individuals but also on the economy of the entire country. Graduates equipped with the skills required by the labor market can easily find a place in this market. Knowledge and skills relevant to market demand increase productivity have a positive impact on economic growth and development. Unfortunately, Covid Pandemic has severely damaged the education systems. Governments, scientists, and experts provide us with statistical information daily around the world about both the slowdown in economic growth as a whole and the problems of individual sectors of the economy. These are the problems and numbers that are already visible and it can be said that the losses are easily measurable. However, the damage caused to the economy by education systems affected by the pandemic will be felt by countries and humanity years later, nor will it be easy to calculate. The problem is even more difficult in poor and developing countries. This paper aims to study the impact of the Covid Pandemic on the education system and economy in Georgia. The research examines the reports and studies of various international organizations, analyzing the secondary data obtained from them. Local policy documents, government reports and regulations, and papers of different researchers have also been studied, conclusions have been made and relevant recommendations have been developed.

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