The Presidency of Nicolas Geffrard of Haiti

1954 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-461
Author(s):  
John E. Baur
Keyword(s):  
Chief Executive ◽  
The People ◽  
Popular Government ◽  
Dark Complexion ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
National Hero ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Old Republic ◽  
Holiday Celebrations ◽  
National Legislature

During the early days of 1859, Port-au-Prince was busy with holiday celebrations, dramatic addresses and colorful events. Haitians possess a certain genius for properly observing a great day, and indeed it seemed that halcyon days had at last arrived in the Caribbean. Before the national legislature that April came a new president, a man for all the people. He was a person of medium height, rather slender and very erect and dignified. A mixture of Negro and mulatto elements, the new national hero had a very dark complexion, gray hairs befitting his fifty-three years, and courteous airs. In fact, his decorum was striking, set off as it was with a quiet gentleness, polish and evident idealism that seemed almost out of place in a Haitian warrior who had just dethroned an emperor.The ownerless imperial crown, symbolic of the recently defunct regime, was brought before the restorer of the old Republic. Fittingly, the chief executive employed allegory to express his adventure into reform. After a long, flowery speech denouncing the exiled Emperor Faustin I, President Nicolas Fabre Geffrard swore fidelity to the popular government, announced some preliminary political changes, and took up a small gavel. With this he struck the crown three times, condemning the magnificent diadem and its regime as he inaugurated the Republic which must not waver. From that day on the crown of Soulouque became a museum piece, but what is symbolized could not be so easily defeated and discarded.

scholarly journals PERTEMPURAN CONVOY SUKABUMI-CIANJUR 1945-1946

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Herry Wiryono
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Old Republic ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
The Sacrifice

AbstrakPertempuran Convoy Sukabumi-Cianjur merupakan pengorbanan rakyat Sukabumi dan Cianjur dalam mempertahankan dan menegakkan kedaulatan Negara Republik Indonesia. Peristiwa tersebut tidak kalah penting dari peristiwa yang lainnya dalam lintasan sejarah perjuangan bangsa Indonesia, terutama dalam mempertahankan Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia dari tangan penjajah. Berbagai komponen masyarakat Sukabumi berjuang mempertahankan kemerdekaan yang baru diproklamasikan. Semuanya bertekad menjaga Republik yang berusia masih sangat muda. Melalui penelitian sejarah ini, ingatan kolektif tentang peristiwa sejarah tersebut diungkap kembali. Para tokoh yang terlibat dari peristiwa itu bercerita tentang periode yang sangat krusial dalam sejarah Indonesia. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa bangsa Indonesia mampu mempertahankan kemerdekaan dengan kekuatan sendiri. Penelitian masalah tersebut dan penulisan hasilnya dilandasi oleh metode sejarah, terutama metode sejarah lisan. AbstractBattle Convoy Sukabumi-Cianjur is the sacrifice of the people of Sukabumi and Cianjur in maintaining and upholding the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia. This event is no less important than other events in the track history of the struggle of Indonesia, especially in maintaining the independence of Indonesia from the hands of colonialists. The various components of society struggling to maintain independence Sukabumi newly proclaimed. Everything is determined to maintain the old republic is still very young. Through this historical research, the collective memory of these historical events were revealed again. The leaders involved from the event talking about a very crucial period in Indonesian history. The survey results revealed that the Indonesian nation was able to maintain independence with their own strengths. The research problem and writing the results based on historical methods, especially methods of oral history.

scholarly journals CORRUPTION AND NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Tomy Michael
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Basic Method ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Social Sanctions ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
The People ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic

The increasing corruption in Indonesia occurs because of the indecision of the leader. This is contrary to the 1945 Constitution of the republic of Indonesia that the position of the president is the chief executive. This has repercussions on the position where the president to act without pressure in combating corruption. The leader can apply the Niccolo Machiavelli’s idea that is to take the ideas of the people and focus on those ideas, and then restore those ideas to the people so that they apply them, and to make corrections in case of errors. Such is the basic method of leadership. In conclusion, Niccolo Machiavelli’s ideais appropriate to be applied in combating corruption because in the Law Bo. 20 of 2001 has created a justice for the perpetrators of corruption when declared as the accused of corruption. The main concern is to take advantage with the position of president as the chief executive, in which the president may also be subject to the decisive law. This firm attitude will have an impact on law enforcement to implement legislation fairly. The suggestions that can be put forward in combating corruption is understanding the doctrine of jurisprudence, from countries, that are considered poor should be a critical review in the development of legal science in Indonesia, extending the meaning of gratification by incorporating sexual elements, and applying social sanctions.

The Political Representation Crisis in Central Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ismaelline Eba Nguema
Keyword(s):  
Political Representation ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Sovereignty ◽  
The People ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Alternation ◽  
Constitutional Revision

Abstract The crisis of political representation in Central Africa is structural. It is intrinsically linked to the failure of democracy in the region. All states of Central Africa are states of law in which the people have a major role to play as the holders of national sovereignty. In fact, the presidential regime allows the president of the republic to concentrate all powers. At each constitutional revision, the chief executive affirms his supremacy over the nation. Such a situation combined with the absence of political alternation in Central Africa is leading to a rejection of political representation by an ever growing segment of the population.

I. Politics and The Constitution

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Velleius Paterculus ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Traditions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Old Republic

The political traditions of Rome were hostile to monarchy, or to the domination of the state by one man, whatever title he bore. The last of the line of kings of early Rome was driven into exile, and the first and only perpetual dictator, Julius Caesar, was assassinated, both in the name of liberty.The constitution of the early Principate was created by Augustus and basically retained the shape he gave it; his actions and motives receive special attention here. The Augustan constitution was a disguised monarchy. Augustus, with the malum exemplum of his adoptive father Caesar before him, shaped a constitution that looked like that of the old Republic, and apparently let it be known to Romans that they were witnessing the return of the old Republic. Velleius Paterculus, propagandist and spokesman for the Augustan regime and its successor, said of the events of 28-27 B.C.: ‘the pristine form of the republic was recalled as of old’ (2.89). Augustus’ own claim in the Res Gestae is less extravagant but conveys the same message: ‘I transferred the republic from my power to the dominion of the senate and the people of Rome’ (34.1).

Constitutional Incorporation of the (Collective) Freedom to Govern Mineral Wealth: Comparing the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Alexandra Carleton
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
The People ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic

Constitutionalism may be gaining ascendancy in many countries in Africa. Yet thorough investigation of the extent to which current constitutions accord to the people their internationally recognised right to governance of their mineral wealth under Article 1(2) of the ICCPR has been lacking. Understanding the existing framework of rights which may support claims to land and natural resources is important. Constitutions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Zambia demonstrate the reality of multiple, overlapping land interests and the limitations upon a people's claim to freely govern their mineral wealth.

K.H. Abdul Halim dan Gagasan Pendidikan Ekonomi Berbasis Pesantren

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Asep Saefullah
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Education Economics ◽  
West Java ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
National Hero ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economics And Politics

This paper discusses the biography of K.H. Abdul Halim, a cleric, educator, political activist, a national hero, who was born in Jatiwangi, Majalengka, West Java on June 26, 1887 and died on May 7, 1962, in a peaceful and quiet place, Santi Asromo, Majalengka. The title of the National Hero from the Government of Indonesia was granted on the basis of his important roles in education, economics and politics. Among his legacy are the religious educational institutions, namely Santi Asromo Pesantren, the religious organization of the Islamic Ummah Union (PUI), and several books such as the Kitab Petunjuk bagi Sekalian Manusia (Manual for Man), Ekonomi dan Koperasi dalam Islam (Economics and Cooperative in Islam), dan Ketetapan Pengajaran di Sekolah Ibtidaiyah Persyarikatan Ulama (The Teaching Decrees at Ibtidaiyah Persyarikatan Ulama School). His biography is a manifestation of appreciation for his services and works, his struggle and his devotion to science and people, as well as his role and contribution in building the nation of Indonesia with noble character and dignity. Another milestone of his is the value of the struggle and at the same time his Islamic scholarship can be an example for the younger generation in particular and for anyone who aspires to build a nation of Indonesia which is based on the Belief in One God, fair and civilized, united in the context of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). Keywords: Kiai, Education, Pesantren, Majalengka, West Java Tulisan ini mengangkat biografi K.H. Abdul Halim dan gagasannya tentang pendidikan ekonomi di pesantren. Ia memiliki nama kecil Otong Syatori, dikenal sebagai ulama pejuang, pendidik, dan aktivis politik. Ia dilahirkan di Desa Ciborelang, Kecamatan Jatiwangi, Majalengka, Jawa Barat, pada 26 Juni 1887, dan wafat dalam usia 75 tahun pada 7 Mei 1962, di Santi Asromo, Majalengka. Ia mendapat gelar Pahlawan Nasional dari Pemerintah RI tahun 2008. Perjuangannya meliputi pendidikan, ekonomi, dan politik. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah deskriptif-analitis dengan perspektif historis. Adapun fokusnya, selain biog¬rafi singkat K.H. Abdul Halim, juga tentang konsep pendidikan eko¬no¬mi berbasis pesantren. Dari hasil pembahasan ditemukan bahwa ia telah melakukan pembaharuan di bidang pendidikan agama dan sekaligus memberikan keterampilan kewirausahaan bagi santri dan lulusannya. Awalnya gagasan tersebut berasal dari konsep pembaharuannya yang disebut Iṣlāḥ as-Ṡamāniyyah, yaitu: perbaikan akidah, ibadah, pendidikan, keluarga, kebiasaan (adat), masyarakat, ekonomi, dan hubungan umat dan tolong-menolong. Di bidang pendidikan, ia memadukan sistem pesantren dengan sistem sekolah, ilmu-ilmu agama dengan ilmu-ilmu umum, serta memberkali para santrinya dengan berbagai keterampilan tangan dan keahlian teknik. Di bidang ekonomi, disebutnya dengan Iṣlāḥ al-Iqtiṣād, untuk menanggulangi ketimpangan ekonomi di masyarakat, yaitu dengan menanamkan kesadaran kepada kaum muslimin agar berusaha memperbai¬ki dan meningkatkan kehidupan ekonominya dan berjuang secara bersama-sama melalui wadah koperasi. Kata kunci: Abdul Halim, Santi Asromo, pendidikan ekonomi, Iṣlāḥ as-Ṡamāniyyah, Iṣlāḥ al-Iqtiṣād

scholarly journals “People”, “Peoples” - How the May 3, 1791 Constitution framers defined what the People is and handled the duality of the Commonwealth of the Two Nations

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Arnaud Parent
Keyword(s):  
Political Tradition ◽  
The People ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

AbstractIn the Commonwealth of the Two Nations, significant legal texts were implemented under the rule of King Stanislaw August, the most important being the Constitution of May 3, 1791, adopted during the Four-Year Sejm (1788-1792). Its framers faced numerous challenges, first, because then only nobles were considered as constituting the Republic, one was to define who should be considered as a member of the People, who could be elected deputy to the Sejm, and at which condition. Second, since the 1569 Union of Lublin the Commonwealth is made of two distinct states: Poland (the Crown) and the Grand-Duchy of Lithuania, drafters had to handle Lithuanian statehood in a Constitution, which was primarily seen as a way to enhance unification of the two nations. Third, the Grand-Duchy of Lithuania having its own legislation, enclosed in the Lithuanian statute, (adopted in 1529, followed with a Second Statute in 1566, and a Third Statute in 1588), the question of its maintaining or not too had to be taken into consideration by framers. We hope that considering how these different issues were handled will shed a new light on the permanence of Lithuanian laws and political tradition in the May 3 Constitution.

Internal marketing of attitudes in Caribbean tourism

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne P. Crick
Keyword(s):  
Internal Marketing ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The People ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Caribbean Tourism ◽  
The Way

Tourism is the mainstay of the Caribbean and the attitude of the people in the region may have a significant impact on the success of the industry. This paper analyzes the way in which tourism authorities of three Caribbean destinations have internally marketed tourism to their host populations in order to encourage the desired attitudinal expressions. A matrix of five possible responses to tourism was developed and each of the three countries was found to occupy different positions in the matrix. An analysis of the internal marketing strategies determined that the countries adopted different approaches based on their particular challenges but none of the approaches had achieved lasting success. The study concludes with recommendations for future research.

National Customs and Traditions in the Educational Process for Primary School Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Malik Gabdullin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
School Students ◽  
The People ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Level

The main direction of the educational process is to develop the education system in accordance with the strategic directions of social and economic development of the republic, integrating it into the world educational space, preserving its national essence through the use of national customs and traditions, as well as cultural values, creating conditions for the formation of a personality in the national spirit, development of a high level of outlook and creative potential of the personality, cognitive competences. The implementation of these tasks requires a review of the content of the educational process in the country's schools from a new methodological standpoint, based on the use of elements of national customs and traditions. Such a new methodological system shows the need for radical changes in the traditional educational process, the development of a creative approach to teaching, and the updating of the content of education on a national basis.In the modern period of the development of society in the educational process of educational institutions the principle of education is implemented, taking into account the comprehensive development of students, such a system of education and upbringing provides an opportunity for the formation of cultural and ethnic identity, it is aimed at an in-depth study of the spiritual culture of the people and the ability to connect it with modern values. This system of education and training is based on the link between national customs and traditions (customs and traditions related to children's upbringing, household customs and traditions, social customs and traditions) and the educational process.

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