A Circus, a Wild Man and a Dragon: Family History and the Villa Mattei

1983 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Blair MacDougall
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Wild Man ◽  
The Subject

The Villa Mattei in Rome, built in the 1580s, was renowned for its collection of antiquities. The collection was inventoried in 1614 on the death of the patron, Ciriaco Mattei. His will had established an entail on the villa and its decorations with the purpose of preserving the collection intact and in situ. Although the collection was dispersed in the 18th century and the garden's original design destroyed, the inventory together with 17th-century views make it possible to reconstruct the original layout and the location of the fountains and sculptural decorations. Two principal iconographic themes can be found in the decorations. The legend of Hercules and his labors is the subject of several of the fountains and of the labyrinth; there were also an unusual number of Hercules statues and herms in the garden. The Roman Circus with the games performed in it was represented in the Prato, the large hippodrome-shaped area by the main casino. The obelisk donated to Ciriaco by the Roman Conservatori in 1582 occupied the center of the area, and the terminal stepped exedra recalled the shape of the Roman circus, while statues placed in the Prato represented types of games performed in the circus. This paper relates the two themes to circumstances and events in the Mattei family history, explains the choice of themes, and suggests the probable purpose of the decorations.

The first Russian dictionaries

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Н.Е. Касьяненко
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Статья посвящена истории развития словарного дела на Руси и появлению первых словарей. Затрагиваются первые, несловарные формы описания лексики в письменных памятниках XI–XVII вв. (глоссы), из которых черпался материал для собственно словарей. Анализируются основные лексикографические жанры этого времени и сложение на их основе азбуковников. В статье уделено внимание таким конкретным лексикографическим произведениям, как ономастикону «Рѣчь жидовскаго «зыка» (XVIII в.), словарям-символикам «Толк о неразумнех словесех» (XV в.) и «Се же приточне речеся», произвольнику, объясняющему славянские слова, «Тлъкование нεоудобь познаваεмомъ въ писаныхъ рѣчемь» (XIV в.), разговорнику «Рѣчь тонкословія греческаго» (ХV в.). Характеризуется словарь Максима Грека «Толкованіе именамъ по алфавиту» (XVI в.). Предметом более подробного освещения стал «Лексис…» Л. Зизания – первый печатный словарь на Руси. На примерах дается анализ его реестровой и переводной частей. Рассматривается известнейший труд П. Берынды «Лексикон славеноросский и имен толкование», а также рукописный «Лексикон латинский…» Е. Славинецкого, являющий собой образец переводного словаря XVII в. The article is dedicated to the history of the development of vocabulary in Russia and the emergence of the first dictionaries. The first, non-verbar forms of description of vocabulary in written monuments of the 11th and 17th centuries (glosses), from which material for the dictionaries themselves were drawn, are affected. The main lexicographical genres of this time are analyzed and the addition of alphabets on their basis. The article focuses on specific lexicographical works such as the «Zhidovskago» (18th century) the dictionaries-symbols of «The Talk of Unreasonable Words» (the 15th century). and «The Same Speech», an arbitrary explanation of slavic words, «The tlution of the cognition in the written», (the 14th century), the phrasebook «Ry subtle Greek» (the 15th century). Maxim Greck's dictionary «Tolkien names in alphabetical order» (16th century) is characterized. The subject of more detailed coverage was «Lexis...» L. Sizania is the first printed dictionary in Russia. Examples give analysis of its registry and translation parts. The famous work of P. Berynda «Lexicon of Slavic and Names of Interpretation» and the handwritten «Lexicon Latin...» are considered. E. Slavinecki, which is a model of the 17th century translated dictionary.

scholarly journals Handel's use of plucked instruments

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Fraga
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Basso Continuo ◽  
Instrumental Color ◽  
Baroque Music ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vocal Works ◽  
Early 18Th Century

Three central features of Baroque music encompass a large portion of questions about the performance of this particular repertory: its improvisatory aspect, the use of basso continuo, and the instrumental color and variety. Teorbo and lute solos, aside of playing a role as a continuo, filled in the intermissions of oratorios in Italy since late 17th century, while organ concertos provided the same function for English oratorios in the early 18th century. It is from Handel's early period ‒ his first trip to Italy in 1707 ‒ that teorbo and archiliuto start to appear in his vocal music. Handel employed either the teorbo or archiliuto (or simply liuto) in twelve vocal works and in one instrumental Ouverture.  A complete examination of the circumstances that involve this particular aspect of Handel's music is the subject this paper.  

scholarly journals Restoration of the interior of the Summer Lubomirski Palace in Rzeszow

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 03017
Author(s):  
Krystyna Wróbel ◽  
Wiesław Kubiszyn
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Regional Medical ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Summer Palace ◽  
Final Effect ◽  
Medical Chamber ◽  
Detailed Presentation

The Lubomirski Summer Palace is one of the most valuable not sacred monuments of Rzeszow architecture. It was erected in the late baroque style at the end of the 17th century by Hieronim Augustyn Lubomirski as part of a large garden complex around the castle. Times of his glory fall in the mid-18th century. At that time, palace with the surrounding park was extended by Jerzy Ignacy Lubomirski and became a residence willingly visited for recreational purposes. The last private owners of the Palace were Nieć family who sold it to the Regional Medical Chamber in Rzeszów. Since 2014, the palace and its surroundings have been renovated for the seat of the Chamber. The subject of this article is a detailed presentation of the scope and method of the palace interior renovation. This renovation was carried out between 2014 and 2016 on the basis of previously prepared architectural building documentation and detailed renovation technology developed by the author of the article (adapted to the technical condition of the object). The article describes in detail the technical condition of the building before renovation, the scope of renovation works, problems encountered and the final effect - restored interiors of the building with few historic details of their décor.

scholarly journals ЗОБРАЖЕННЯ ОДЯГУ І АТРИБУТІВ СВЯТИХ В ІКОНОПИСІ ЛІВОБЕРЕЖНОЇ УКРАЇНИ ТА КИЇВЩИНИ ДРУГОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ XVII – ПЕРШОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ XVIII ст.

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-146
Author(s):  
М. С. Хребтенко
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Western European ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Painting Techniques

To identify and analyze ways of depiction of clothing in the iconography of the Left Bank Ukraine and Kyiv region in the second half of the 17th - the first half of the 18th centuries. The author conducted a field exploration of painted icon monuments from the mentioned period in the collections of Ukrainian museums. The data obtained was supplemented with information from published scientific papers and archival sources. The analysis performed made it possible to trace the peculiarities of the depiction of different fabrics in the iconography of the Left Bank Ukraine and Kyiv region in the second half of the 17th – first half of the 18th centuries, and to identify the aspects of the effects on it of Byzantine and Western European painting techniques. It is revealed that in the Ukrainian icon painting till the end of the 17th century was used a method for depicting fabrics, whose roots go back to the Byzantine system of tempera painting. Although white levkas remained dominant in Ukrainian iconography, by the beginning of the 18th century masters could tone grounds and make imprimaturas, which had their influence on the process of painting clothing and the icon in general. Since about the second quarter of the 18th century the use of grisaille underpaints has been encountered in some icons. These innovations demonstrate the impact of Western European painting at the technical and technological level. Gold and silver were widely used for decorating icons. In that time to decorate the icons were widely used leaf gold and silver and powdered gold and silver. For the first time, the subject of research is the process of painting the garment part of the icons of Left-Bank Ukraine and the Kiev region in the second half of the XVII - the first half of the XVIII centuries. The methods of depicting clothing and common techniques for decorating and depicting texture of fabrics are described and analyzed in detail. The study expands knowledge about Ukrainian icon painting and reveals the technique of its creation.

Direct Observations of the Epitaxial Growth of Sputtered Ag on Si

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
J. S. Maa ◽  
Thos. E. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam Sputtering ◽  
Microscopy Technique ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
In Situ Electron Microscopy ◽  
Beam Sputtering ◽  
The Subject

The growth of Ag films deposited on various substrate materials such as MoS2, mica, graphite, and MgO has been investigated extensively using the in situ electron microscopy technique. The three stages of film growth, namely, the nucleation, growth of islands followed by liquid-like coalescence have been observed in both the vacuum vapor deposited and ion beam sputtered thin films. The mechanisms of nucleation and growth of silver films formed by ion beam sputtering on the (111) plane of silicon comprise the subject of this paper. A novel mode of epitaxial growth is observed to that seen previously.The experimental arrangement for the present study is the same as previous experiments, and the preparation procedure for obtaining thin silicon substrate is presented in a separate paper.

Der fatale Blick in den Spiegel – Zum Zusammenhang von Medialität und Reflexivität

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Jahraus
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Specular Reflections ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Literature And Film

Der Beitrag untersucht den Zusammenhang von Reflexivität und Medialität (das, was ein Medium zum Medium macht), indem er die Idee der Reflexion an den konkreten Formen von Spiegelungen in Literatur und Film wie zum Beispiel Doppelgänger oder Figurenspaltungen darstellt. Dabei zeigt sich, daß jedes Medium autoreflexiv verfasst ist und daß die Vorstellung von Subjektivität seit dem 18. Jahrhundert selbst auf diesem Zusammenspiel von Reflexivität und Medialität beruht. Das Subjekt gilt demnach als reflexiver Effekt der Medialität, wie es an einer Betrachtung von Foucaults berühmter Meninas-Interpretation nachverfolgt werden kann.<br><br>This article analyses the relation between reflexivity and mediality (what makes a medium a medium) by presenting concrete situations of optical and specular reflections in literature and film, such as doubles (Doppelgänger) and split figures. Thus it can be shown that since the 18th century every medium is self-reflexive and that the concept of subjectivity has its basis in the interplay of reflexivity and mediality. The subject is an effect of medialitity as may be demonstrated by a new recapitulation of Foucault’s famous Meninas-interpretation.

LITERARY ROMANTICISM AS A THEORETICAL ISSUE

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Vera V. Serdechnaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Theoretical Issue ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of literary romanticism. The research aims at a refinement of the “romanticism” concept in relation to the history of the literary process. The main research methods include conceptual analysis, textual analysis, comparative historical research. The author analyzes the semantic genesis of the term “romanticism”, various interpretations of the concept, compares the definitions of different periods and cultures. The main results of the study are as follows. The history of the term “romanticism” shows a change in a number of definitions for the same concept in relation to the same literary phenomena. By the end of the 20th century, realizing the existence of significant contradictions in the content of the term “romanticism”, researchers often come to abandon it. At the same time, the steady use of the term “romanticism” testifies to the subject-conceptual component that exists in it, which does not lose its relevance, but just needs a theoretical refinement. Conclusion: one have to revise an approach to romanticism as a theoretical concept, based on the change in the concept of an individual in Europe at the end of the 18th century. It is the newly discovered freedom of an individual predetermines the rethinking for the image of the author as a creator and determines the artistic features of literary romanticism.

The Changing Perception of the Five Senses

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-122
Author(s):  
Sara Benninga
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Scientific Instruments ◽  
Peter Paul Rubens ◽  
Courtly Culture ◽  
Southern Netherlands ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Five Senses ◽  
The Senses

This article examines the changing approach towards the representation of the senses in 17th-century Flemish painting. These changes are related to the cultural politics and courtly culture of the Spanish sovereigns of the Southern Netherlands, the Archdukes Albert and Isabella. The 1617–18 painting-series of the Five Senses by Jan Brueghel the Elder and Peter Paul Rubens as well as the pendant paintings on the subject are analyzed in relation to the iconography of the five senses, and in regard to Flemish genre themes. In this context, the excess of objects, paintings, scientific instruments, animals, and plants in the Five Senses are read as an expansion of the iconography of the senses as well as a reference to the courtly material culture of the Archdukes. Framing the senses as part of a cultural web of artifacts, Brueghel and Rubens refer both to elite lived experience and traditional iconography. The article examines the continuity between the iconography of the senses from 1600 onwards, as developed by Georg Pencz, Frans Floris, and Maerten de Vos, and the representation of the senses in the series. In addition, the article shows how certain elements in the paintings are influenced by genre paintings of the courtly company and collector’s cabinet, by Frans Francken, Lucas van Valckenborch and Louis de Caullery. Through the synthesis of these two traditions the subject of the five senses is reinvented in a courtly context

scholarly journals Labour Conflicts and Working-Class Culture in Early Modern Holland

1990 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Class Culture ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Ancien Régime ◽  
Modern Era

SUMMARYFrom the 15th to the 18th century Holland, the most urbanized part of the northern Netherlands, had a tradition of labour action. In this article the informal workers' organizations which existed especially within the textile industry are described. In the 17th century the action forms adjusted themselves to the better coordinated activities of the authorities and employers. After about 1750 this protest tradition disappeared, along with the economic recession which especially struck the traditional industries. Because of this the continuity of the transition from the ancien régime to the modern era which may be discerned in the labour movements of countries like France and England, cannot be found in Holland.

scholarly journals Influence of Hydrogeochemistry on Tunnel Drainage in Evaporitic Formations: El Regajal Tunnel Case Study (Aranjuez, Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1505
Author(s):  
Ignacio Menéndez Pidal ◽  
Jose Antonio Mancebo Piqueras ◽  
Eugenio Sanz Pérez ◽  
Clemente Sáenz Sanz
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Underground Flow ◽  
Very High ◽  
Over Time

Many of the large number of underground works constructed or under construction in recent years are in unfavorable terrains facing unusual situations and construction conditions. This is the case of the subject under study in this paper: a tunnel excavated in evaporitic rocks that experienced significant karstification problems very quickly over time. As a result of this situation, the causes that may underlie this rapid karstification are investigated and a novel methodology is presented in civil engineering where the use of saturation indices for the different mineral specimens present has been crucial. The drainage of the rock massif of El Regajal (Madrid-Toledo, Spain, in the Madrid-Valencia high-speed train line) was studied and permitted the in-situ study of the hydrogeochemical evolution of water flow in the Miocene evaporitic materials of the Tajo Basin as a full-scale testing laboratory, that are conforms as a whole, a single aquifer. The work provides a novel methodology based on the calculation of activities through the hydrogeochemical study of water samples in different piezometers, estimating the saturation index of different saline materials and the dissolution capacity of the brine, which is surprisingly very high despite the high electrical conductivity. The circulating brine appears unsaturated with respect to thenardite, mirabilite, epsomite, glauberite, and halite. The alteration of the underground flow and the consequent renewal of the water of the aquifer by the infiltration water of rain and irrigation is the cause of the hydrogeochemical imbalance and the modification of the characteristics of the massif. These modifications include very important loss of material by dissolution, altering the resistance of the terrain and the increase of the porosity. Simultaneously, different expansive and recrystallization processes that decrease the porosity of the massif were identified in the present work. The hydrogeochemical study allows the evolution of these phenomena to be followed over time, and this, in turn, may facilitate the implementation of preventive works in civil engineering.

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