The Personal Consequences of Union Widowhood

AbstractSports organisations generally have the burden of proving sports rule violations of sportspersons subject to their rules and regulations. Sports rule violations can generally be proven by any reliable means. A common approach taken by sports organisations in this respect is the implementation of so-called cooperation and reporting obligations embedded in their regulations. On this basis, athletes can be obliged to provide all kind of documentary evidence related or unrelated to the matter under investigation. This may cause problems to the privilege against self-incrimination of athletes. In addition, obtaining self-incriminating information in internal sports investigations carried out by private sports organisations can have legal and personal consequences that go well beyond the professional life of athletes. The integrity of sport has been characterised as a public interest due to the social impact of amateur and professional sports in most societies. As a consequence, negative sports-related conduct, such as doping or the manipulation of sports competitions, has been criminalised in various national laws to protect sporting values and preserve the role model function of athletes for young members of our society. This development has led to cooperation between sports organisations and law enforcement agencies, such as prosecutors and the police. Specifically, both collaborate in order to assist the other party’s investigations of sports rule violations and criminal offences, respectively. However, the exchange of intelligence between sports organisations and law enforcement may cause some legal tension. If the same misconduct of athletes leads to both internal sports investigations and criminal proceedings, athletes could be forced to provide self-incriminating information in internal sports organisations, which could then be subsequently transmitted to law enforcement. This system of intelligence gathering raises serious concerns regarding the procedural fairness thereof, keeping in mind the detrimental effects for sportspersons under investigations. A closer look is thus necessary to the legitimacy of the exchange of intelligence. Therefore, the aim of this article is to shed some light on this issue and clarify if and under what conditions internally obtained evidence can be passed on to law enforcement agencies.

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Public acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines: cross-national evidence on levels and individual-level predictors using observational data

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048172 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e048172

Author(s):

Marie Fly Lindholt ◽

Frederik Jørgensen ◽

Alexander Bor ◽

Michael Bang Petersen

Keyword(s):

Health Communication ◽

Herd Immunity ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Vaccine Acceptance ◽

Total N ◽

Individual Level ◽

Health Authorities ◽

Personal Consequences ◽

Western Democracies

ObjectivesThe management of the COVID-19 pandemic hinges on the approval of safe and effective vaccines but, equally importantly, on high vaccine acceptance among people. To facilitate vaccine acceptance via effective health communication, it is key to understand levels of vaccine scepticism and the demographic, psychological and political predictors. To this end, we examine the levels and predictors of acceptance of an approved COVID-19 vaccine.Design, setting and participantsWe examine the levels and predictors of acceptance of an approved COVID-19 vaccine in large online surveys from eight Western democracies that differ in terms of the severity of the pandemic and their response: Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Sweden, Italy, UK and USA (total N=18 231). Survey respondents were quota sampled to match the population margins on age, gender and geographical location for each country. The study was conducted from September 2020 to February 2021, allowing us to assess changes in acceptance and predictors as COVID-19 vaccine programmes were rolled out.Outcome measureThe outcome of the study is self-reported acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine approved and recommended by health authorities.ResultsThe data reveal large variations in vaccine acceptance that ranges from 83% in Denmark to 47% in France and Hungary. Lack of vaccine acceptance is associated with lack of trust in authorities and scientists, conspiratorial thinking and a lack of concern about COVID-19.ConclusionMost national levels of vaccine acceptance fall below estimates of the required threshold for herd immunity. The results emphasise the long-term importance of building trust in preparations for health emergencies such as the current pandemic. For health communication, the results emphasise the importance of focusing on personal consequences of infections and debunking of myths to guide communication strategies.

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English Literacy in the U.S.: National Policies, Personal Consequences

TESOL Quarterly ◽

10.2307/3587473 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 399 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sandra Lee McKay ◽

Gail Weinstein-Shr

Keyword(s):

National Policies ◽

Personal Consequences ◽

English Literacy ◽

The U.S

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Thanatologists View Death: A 15-Year Perspective

OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying ◽

10.2190/rmya-d51r-41wc-0eud ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 97-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Herman Feifel ◽

Stephen Strack

Keyword(s):

Death And Dying ◽

Semantic Differential ◽

Fear Of Death ◽

Raw Data ◽

Death Attitudes ◽

Basic Group ◽

Time Points ◽

Financial Difficulties ◽

Personal Consequences ◽

Differential Test

This study examined the death attitudes of a number of prominent thanatologists over a 15-year span. In 1973, 40 (30 men, 10 women) invited participants at a conference on death and dying were surveyed concerning their attitudes toward dying and death using Feifel's Death Attitudes Questionnaire, a Death Semantic Differential Test, and a Death Metaphors Test. Fifteen years later, 25 (62.5 percent) of these individuals again gave their responses to the three measures. Analyses were limited to basic group comparisons because the original raw data were unavailable. Respondents were primarily behavioral scientists (64 percent), but sizeable minorities were from medicine/nursing (24 percent) and religion/philosophy (12 percent). They were about equally divided in the religious (45 percent) versus non-religious (55 percent) categories, and rated themselves as being fairly satisfied with themselves and life in general. Almost two-thirds reported some fear of death (64 percent at both time points), and only 20 percent indicated that the idea of their own death was “easy to accept.” Most (60–64 percent) reported a fear of the personal consequences of death, including pain and an inability to have experiences or complete projects, with the next most pervasive fear (36–40 percent) being the consequences to loved ones, including pain, loss, and financial difficulties. Concerning what occurs after death, about half of the respondents (48–52 percent) indicated that death is the end of existence, another 24–30 percent were uncertain and 16–17 percent believed in the continued existence of a soul. Death attitudes were remarkably stable over the 15-year interval. The major difference found was a lessening of death fear from 1973 to 1988 ( p < .002), that subjects attributed primarily to their ongoing conversations about death and dying (56 percent), and the deaths of family and friends (32 percent).

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R. Sennett. The corrosion of caracter. The personal consequences of work in The New Capitalism

L’Orientation scolaire et professionnelle ◽

10.4000/osp.3220 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 166-167

Author(s):

Emmanuel Estrat

Keyword(s):

Personal Consequences ◽

New Capitalism

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Consequences of Whistle-Blowing: A Study of the Experiences of Management Accountants

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3.795 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 795-802 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jose C. Casal ◽

Sheldon S. Zalkind

Keyword(s):

Whistle Blowing ◽

Management Accountants ◽

Job Opportunities ◽

Personal Consequences ◽

Dependency Model

A power-dependency model was used to examine what variables are associated with the reported success, i.e., elimination of wrongdoing, and personal consequences of whistle-blowing. A survey of 219 management accountants indicated that whistle-blowers were more likely to report success and less likely to report negative personal consequences if they were auditors, had their superiors' support, and had alternative job opportunities. Whistle-blowers were also more likely to report success if they were in organizations wherein wrongdoing was not widespread.

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Corps de femmes et maisons d’enfants dans Enfants du diable de Liliana Lazăr

Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia ◽

10.24193/subbphilo.2021.4.19 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 299-318

Author(s):

Andreea Bugiac ◽

Keyword(s):

Common Interest ◽

Socialist Society ◽

Literary Language ◽

Totalitarian Regime ◽

Political Body ◽

Orphaned Children ◽

Personal Consequences ◽

Children’S Homes ◽

Communist Past ◽

Nicolae Ceausescu

Women Bodies and Children’s Homes in Liliana Lazar’s Enfants du diable [The Devil’s Children]. Many contemporary Romanian writers who chose French as a literary language seem to share a common interest in revisiting through fiction Romania’s relatively recent communist past, thus exposing the dysfunctionalities of the ‘multilaterally developed socialist society’ during the last years of Nicolae Ceaușescu’s dictatorship. In her novel, Enfants du diable (2016), Liliana Lazar’s merit is to emphasize the abusive nature of the Romanian totalitarian regime by exploring a topic which is normally less taken into account by post-communist Romanian fiction, namely the private body of women transformed into a public, even political body after the implementation of the Anti-abortion Decree 770/1966. Our aim is to examine the way in which Lazar’s book deals with this topic and its social and personal consequences, as well as its denunciation of a less evident form of the communist carceral system, namely the institutionalization of orphaned children. Keywords: communism, totalitarian regime, women’s body, orphanage, carceral system, Liliana Lazar, Nicolae Ceaușescu

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Test

Acquiring Learning Skills With Digital Technology - Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-4426-6.ch009 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 132-142

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Serial Killer ◽

Serial Killers ◽

The Social ◽

Personal Connections ◽

Personal Consequences ◽

The Common ◽

The Impact

This final chapter explores yet further examples of how the principles of testing can be applied within the social sciences. As with the previous chapters, the authors begin by asking students to Google questions and then use the results Google provides to ask more sophisticated questions about the impact and personal consequences of the question. They begin by asking a question about how serial killer, Harold Shipman, was able to escape suspicion for as long as he did. They then take up a question about the common traits of serial killers, paying attention to the effects of the traits and how these traits may have personal connections to students. They conclude the chapter with a section about how we might make the decision to eat a third candy bar.

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Legal Issues Involving Educator Sexual Misconduct

Sexual Misconduct in the Education and Human Services Sector - Advances in Human Services and Public Health ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-0657-7.ch005 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 91-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sean Ashley Fields

Keyword(s):

Sexual Misconduct ◽

Legal Issues ◽

Professional Boundaries ◽

Background Checks ◽

Personal Consequences ◽

Educator Sexual Misconduct ◽

Liability Risks ◽

Insight Into ◽

Reporting Procedures

In addition to the trauma for victims of an educator's sexual misconduct, such conduct can have lasting consequences for the educator, their employer, and the community the educator serves. The educator who crosses professional boundaries and engages in sexual misconduct with students faces the possibility of both professional and personal consequences. In addition to discussing these consequences, this chapter will identify and examine the liability risks for school employers when an educator engages in sexual misconduct. This chapter will also provide insight into how a school employer can to adopt and implement measures to prevent and manage risks posed by sexual misconduct through background checks, training, supervision, reporting procedures, and conducting investigations when appropriate.

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