The Public Diplomacy of the Modern Olympic Games and China’s Soft Power Strategy

2018 ◽  
pp. 117-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Cull
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
The Public

Ichiro the Public Diplomat: Professional Sport as Cultural Intermediary in Configuring US-Japan Relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-104
Author(s):  
Derek Moscato
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Engagement ◽  
Public Sentiment ◽  
Survey Responses

Summary This study examines the confluence of sport and soft power within public diplomacy. It analyses professional baseball player Ichiro Suzuki’s role in the United States as a sporting ambassador from Japan — potentially catalysing goodwill, cultural interest, perceptions of national personality traits and even views of policy issues such as international trade and country relations. In doing so, this research draws from non-state public diplomacy, which considers the transnational impacts of non-traditional communication vehicles such as cultural and sporting exchanges. It measures US public sentiment towards Japan through quantitative analysis of survey responses collected by Pew Research Center in conjunction with the Sasakawa Peace Foundation. The success of Japan’s cultural and sporting exports highlights their potential and realised role in binding national ties. Furthermore, Tokyo’s hosting of the Summer Olympiad emphasises the role of sport not only as a vehicle for competition and entertainment but also its utility in global engagement.

Sport and diplomacy

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
First Century ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Global Game ◽  
Ping Pong ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
Global Affairs

The purpose of this book is to critically enhance the appreciation of Diplomacy and Sport in global affairs from the perspective of practitioners and scholars. The book will make an important new contribution to at least two distinct fields: Diplomacy and Sport, as well as to those concerned with History, Politics, Sociology, and International Relations. The critical analysis the book provides explores the linkages across these fields, particularly in relation to Soft Power and Public Diplomacy, and is supported by a wide range of sources and methodologies. The book draws in a range of scholars across these different fields, and includes esteemed FIFA scholar Prof. Alan Tomlinson. Tomlinson addresses diplomacy within the world’s global game of Association Football, while other subjects include the rise of Mega Sport Events (MSE) as sites of diplomacy, new consideration of Chinese Ping-Pong Diplomacy prior to the 1970s, the importance of boycotts in sport – particularly in relation to newly explored dimensions of the boycotts of the 1980 and 1984 Olympic Games. The place of non-state actors is explored throughout, be they individual or institutions they perform a crucial role as conduits of the transactions of sport and diplomacy Based on twentieth and twenty-first century evidence, the book acknowledges the antecedents from the ancient Olympics to the contemporary era and in its conclusions offers avenues for further study based on the future Sport and Diplomacy relationship. The book has strong international basis because it covers a broad range of countries, their diplomatic relationship with sport and is written by a truly transnational cast of authors. The intense media scrutiny on the Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, and other international sports will also contribute to the global interest in this volume.

scholarly journals ROLE OF ISLAM IN MALAYSIA’S PUBLIC DIPLOMACY: ABDULLAH BADAWI ADMINISTRATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Nur Fareha
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Constructivist Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Perception ◽  
International Events

This paper investigates the role of Islam in Malaysia’s as a reform on soft power tools under the leaderships of Malaysia’s fifth Prime Minister, Tun Abdullah Badawi. The study emphasis the reform in policy making, philosophies and approaches of the premiers in developing an understanding of the importance of Islam’s role in Malaysia’s public diplomacy. The research also determines the influence of international events in the public diplomacy policies. The study takes a constructivist approach and includes faith diplomacy into the realm of public diplomacy. This study has achieved its objective of understanding Islamic public diplomacy in Malaysia’s administration and should be useful for developing future policies of public diplomacy for domestic and international consumption. It is an interesting reflection of this study that the common perception that Abdullah’s public diplomacy was not successful is incorrect; this perception is founded on the labelling that Abdullah’s version carried, which is because Abdullah, true to his character and personality, embraced and enriched previous premiership Islamization principles, without wanting to change them. Though there are arguments as discussed that Islam Hadhari declined, it only declined in the domestic context. In the international arena it appealed to a much wider audience.

scholarly journals Official and Public Dialogue in Lithuania-Russia Relationships: in Search of Communicative Solutions

2015 ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
N. A. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Public Dialogue ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Communication ◽  
Social Communities ◽  
Constructive Dialogue ◽  
The Government

Abstract: Actual Lithuania-Russia relations are characterized as tension. The official rhetoric is strongly negative. The opportunities to maintain public dialogue are restricted, ideas to promote positive cooperation are being criticized by elites and government. Mass-media transmit the official standpoints of the government. Consequently, it works on even more amplification of the public break between the two societies, strengthening discredit, spreading stereotypes and myths about each other. That has been leading to estrangement between the societies of the both countries and also to increase of word outlook, emotional and mental break. In the historical perspective it might become the grand challenge for both states as neighboring countries. However, as in Russia so in Lithuania there are social communities that are interested in developing positive communication even in actual tense circumstances. Thereupon alternative communication platforms, belonging to “soft power” and public diplomacy, become special. The ones that nowadays maintain dialogue in Lithuania-Russia relationships are studied in this article. Besides, the obstacles to a constructive dialogue are revealed. Author gives recommendations on the most effective alternative platforms and “displays”

scholarly journals The Secrecy and Publicity of Diplomacy: Questions to the Theory of Public Diplomacy

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Witri Elvianti
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
George Bush ◽  
The Us ◽  
Democratic Nation

Just a few weeks after the terrorist attacks of September 11th, and soon after US troops started to attack Afghanistan, George Bush expressed his disappointment toward the way the Muslim world perceives the American way of life and culture. Assuming that the 9/11 terrorist attack was a symbol of struggle against America’s hegemony Bush blamed the failure of US public diplomacy to promote to the Muslim world the image of a friendly and democratic nation state. It sent a message that both promoting positive image and controlling the message are a highly complex task. The complexity of public diplomacy consequently raises such a theoretical dispute. From a traditional perspective, scholars have questioned the suitability of public diplomacy to promote a states’ soft power, and have cited US public diplomacy as an example of failure. The revisionists, on the other hand, seek to maintain and even improve the practice of public diplomacy by arguing that it is more that it is more pertinent to comprehend the strategy rather than to perpetuate the blame.  The dispute on public diplomacy is threefold: first, whether public diplomacy is defined as any diplomatic activities of or by the public; second, whether diplomacy should really be addressed to the public; and third, if the public is always diplomatic. This essay will argue that while the traditionalist criticisms could be valid, particularly in the context of the US experience, these arguments do not reduce the value of public diplomacy. Such diplomacy requires a two-way relationship and integrated approach.

scholarly journals The Role of the Bali’s Korean Pop Fandom in Supporting South Korea’s Soft Power

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putu Ratih Kumala Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Actor ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

K-Pop has become a global phenomenon embarked by the Korean government as part of its cultural diplomacy, with the help of other elements such as K-Pop Fans. The existence of K-Pop is inseparable from its loyal fan community called fandom. This research thus aims to explore the phenomenon of K-pop fandom around the world and the role it plays in the globalization of K-Pop. The objective of this research is to examine the role of K-Pop fandom as a non-state actor in South Korea’s public diplomacy and in supporting the dissemination of K-Pop as a global culture. This research applies qualitative descriptive method where primary data are obtained through interviews with members of K-Pop fandom in Bali. In addition, secondary data will also be obtained through studying past literatures. Furthermore, this research utilizes the concept of public diplomacy and soft power. In the end, this research found that, K-Pop fandom, plays its role as a referee while the public is the receivers. As a ‘referee’, not only they act as a consumer of K-Pop, but K-Pop fandom also serve as a distributor and producer. The finding of this study is beneficial to understand the significance of non-state actors in the dissemination of ‘pop’ culture as part of public diplomacy as seen in South Korea. 

scholarly journals Promoting a Better Image through Culture: The Case of Turkey’s Cultural Diplomacy towards Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-251
Author(s):  
Rifkha Aulia Fazrianti Zaelani ◽  
Ahmad Sahide
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Actors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Turmoil

This study attempts to reveal cultural diplomacy, which Turkey implements towards Indonesia. The ‘golden period’ of Turkey is from 2007 until 2013. After that, the public diplomacy of Turkey was not effective as before, and it was fallen dramatically. The country’s instability caused by the political turmoil within the country also influences the growth of international isolation. With these based on the problem that influences its image, Turkey needs to prove a different and better image to promote itself abroad.  Public perceptions can be shaped and controlled by doing cultural diplomacy that acts as soft power. Having one thing in common as a country with a Muslim population as the majority, Turkey has a special place in the hearts of the Indonesian people. Based on the theory of cultural diplomacy by Milton C. Cummings, the authors drew two arguments. First, Turkey’s Cultural diplomacy towards Indonesia is done not only by state actors (officially by the government) but also by non-state actors such as individuals and companies. Second, cultural diplomacy carried out by Turkey towards Indonesia is through all aspects of the needs of the Indonesian people, such as films, fashion, news, music, food, and education.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Russian Public Diplomacy Efficiency on the Background of Socio-political Tensions in Armenia

2016 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
D A Jivanyan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Usa

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the efficiency of the Russian public diplomacy in Armenia. The article particularly analyzes the efficiency of public diplomacy and soft power of Russia in Armenia during the period of mass protests in June 2015. The research is based on the elements of comparative analysis. The author compares Russian public diplomacy in Armenia with the public diplomacy of the USA, mentioning the main faults of Russian public diplomacy along with some recommendations on how to resolve them.

scholarly journals Public diplomacy mechanism of the Russian Federation: areas of focus in the context of analysis of foreign policy concepts of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Tat'yana Aleksandrovna Grishanina
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One

The subject of this research is the public diplomacy mechanism of the Russian Federation. The goal consists in consideration of the mechanism of functionality of public diplomacy of the Russian Federation based on the framework government documents, reports on the activity of the structures of public diplomacy of the Russian Federation, and expert analytical articles. The author examines the foreign policy concepts of the Russian Federation of 2000, 2008, 2013 and 2016, as well as reveals their structures and areas of focus. Analysis of the discourse of research on the public diplomacy of the Russian Federation allowed determining the gaps and the problematic areas that require further research. The article presents examples of the projects that were implemented in the indicated directions in accordance with the latter concept. In conclusion, the author outlines the development trends of public diplomacy mechanism of the Russian Federation. The mechanism of public diplomacy of the Russian Federation is an ambiguous phenomenon and still in the making. On the one hand, the understanding of “soft power” on the state level has evolved significantly in recent years. Moreover, the author traces the evolution of terminological field of public diplomacy in the official documents, as well as its objectives and development trends. On the other hand, the question of coordinating body within the mechanism of public diplomacy of the Russian Federation remains open and relevant. Attention of researchers is also focused on the actors and level of their engagement into the system, interaction between the elements within and outside the mechanism. At the same time, public diplomacy projects are implemented by the Russian Federation worldwide; they coordinate with the trends set by intergovernmental organizations, and appear to be quite effective with regards to provision of information support. The trend of digitization of international policy poses new challenges for the public diplomacy structures, which would require an evolution in understanding of the concept.

scholarly journals Achieving Soft Power Goals Through Education Diplomacy by Southeast Asian Nations

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Naureen Nazar Soomro ◽  
Sohni Siddiqui ◽  
Ghulam Murtaza Khoso
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Education ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The Public ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Globalization has brought huge changes in every section of life, including education. The international relations have been impacted on by globalization as well. The students, scholars and researchers, these days, are regarded as actors in diplomacy. Education diplomacy is considered as an important tool in the conduct of international relations worldwide. The public diplomacy through provision of education opportunities, known as soft power tool, has emerged as a new trend by which countries extend their national interests and attempt to shape the preferences of others and affecting their behaviour in one’s favour. International Education has proved to be a major contributor to soft power goals and has emerged as an important part of public diplomacy that has created many advantages. The countries anticipate, by means of education diplomacy, the promotion of nation’s policy priorities and interests and subsequently, to contribute to country’s economic development and investment. The present study aims to explore the soft power goals of the Southeast Asian Countries. It further explores the goals that are achieved by the countries through implementation of public diplomacy in education.

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