USE OF KNOTTED STRING ACCOUNTING RECORDS IN OLD HAWAII AND ANCIENT CHINA

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyle E. Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Writing Process ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
East And West ◽  
Insight Into

The use of the “quipu” for accounting purposes has been primarily attributed to the Peruvian Inca culture in the days of old. Documented evidence, however, provides that early Hawaiians and ancient Chinese predated the Incan usage. Studies concentrating on the quipu as an accounting device rather than as an element in the evolution of the writing process might provide valuable contributions to the solution of the mystery surrounding this artifact. Insight into the development of mankind in the Pacific may be gained by understanding the use of the quipu in the East and West, and in Hawaii—the “meeting place” of the Pacific.

scholarly journals Drivers of Forest Loss in a Megadiverse Hotspot on the Pacific Coast of Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1235
Author(s):  
Jesús A. Anaya ◽  
Víctor H. Gutiérrez-Vélez ◽  
Ana M. Pacheco-Pascagaza ◽  
Sebastián Palomino-Ángel ◽  
Natasha Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Status ◽  
Land Cover Map ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Insight Into

Tropical forests are disappearing at unprecedented rates, but the drivers behind this transformation are not always clear. This limits the decision-making processes and the effectiveness of forest management policies. In this paper, we address the extent and drivers of deforestation of the Choco biodiversity hotspot, which has not received much scientific attention despite its high levels of plant diversity and endemism. The climate is characterized by persistent cloud cover which is a challenge for land cover mapping from optical satellite imagery. By using Google Earth Engine to select pixels with minimal cloud content and applying a random forest classifier to Landsat and Sentinel data, we produced a wall-to-wall land cover map, enabling a diagnosis of the status and drivers of forest loss in the region. Analyses of these new maps together with information from illicit crops and alluvial mining uncovered the pressure over intact forests. According to Global Forest Change (GFC) data, 2324 km2 were deforested in this area from 2001 to 2018, reaching a maximum in 2016 and 2017. We found that 68% of the area is covered by broadleaf forests (67,473 km2) and 15% by shrublands (14,483 km2), the latter with enormous potential to promote restoration projects. This paper provides a new insight into the conservation of this exceptional forest with a discussion of the drivers of forest loss, where illicit crops and alluvial mining were found to be responsible for 60% of forest loss.

A new genus and species of entocytherid ostracod (Ostracoda: Entocytheridae) from the John Day River Basin of Oregon, U.S.A., with a key to genera of the subfamily Entocytherinae

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4273 (4) ◽  
pp. 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA G. WEAVER ◽  
BRONWYN W. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
River Basin ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Targeted Sampling ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
John Day River ◽  
John Day ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Copulatory Complex ◽  
Insight Into

Targeted sampling efforts by the authors for the signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus, from its native range in the John Day River Basin, Oregon, U.S.A. yielded entocytherid ostracods with a male copulatory complex so clearly different from other entocytherines that a new genus, Aurumcythere gen. nov. is proposed to receive them. This newly proposed, apparently nonsclerotized, genus with hook and spur-like prominences of the posteroventral end of the peniferum is the first new genus of the subfamily Entocytherinae named since Hobbs & Peters described Aphelocythere (= Waltoncythere) in 1977. Aurumcythere gen. nov. represents only the second genus of entocytherid known from the Pacific Northwest. Lack of sclerotization in Aurumcythere gen. nov. provides new insight into poorly understood mating behaviors of entocytherid ostracods. 

scholarly journals Astronomy and the Laws of Physics

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-35
Author(s):  
P. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Virial Theorem ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
East And West ◽  
Scale Failure

The metaphor of physical law - a range of orderly behavior within certain authoritative constraints - has not escaped the historians of ideas. That scheme, in all its forms, east and west, gained its earliest strength from astronomy itself. The search for measured order in heaven is old and widespread; two instances from ancient China and pre-Columbian Mexico will make the point.For our modern science, two universals rule: that of particulate matter - from neutrons to C2 H5 OH - and the only unsaturable force, long-range gravitation. The phenomena of astronomical scale are mainly examples of kinetic motion resisting for a time that untiring attraction, under the virial theorem. Matter is everywhere familiar, apart from the deep and puzzling question of what seems to be the large-scale failure of matter-antimatter symmetry.

scholarly journals Adolescents Perceptions of Pro- and Antitobacco Imagery and Marketing: Qualitative Study of Students from Suva, Fiji

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gade Waqa ◽  
Judith McCool ◽  
Wendy Snowdon ◽  
Becky Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Entertainment Media ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
The Media ◽  
Smoking Uptake ◽  
Insight Into

Background. Many studies examining smoking uptake among young people in the Pacific have not included their exposure to tobacco control promotions in the media in their assessment. This study examines how Fijian students view tobacco and tobacco-related media depictions to gain insight into both drivers of smoking uptake and potential directions for prevention interventions.Methods. A sample of thirty Fijian students (15 male and 15 female) aged 14–17 years, was recruited from a Suva school between September and October 2013 and participated in a one-to-one in-depth interview about their views on tobacco use, media consumption patterns and preferences and awareness of tobacco use in media.Results. Despite radical developments in access to media, television remains the most popular. Yet, the majority of participants were unaware of any protobacco imagery on television or other entertainment media. Tobacco-related imagery was more likely to be seen in connection with point of sale advertising and branding. The advertising potential of the shop counter was acutely apparent to some participants and this space was considered highly influential.Conclusions. Despite the fact that the recently introduced graphic health warnings were generally well received, more can be done to extend the use of media for tobacco control benefits in Fiji.

A Survey of Canadian Church History

1958 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-382
Author(s):  
Henry H. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Church History ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Modus Vivendi ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Church Structures ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Mutual Agreement ◽  
Church Historians

It is a constant theme of all writers on Canada that the feat of “extending the thin ribbon of population towards the Pacific and of holding all together demanded both the alert resourcefulness of the pioneer and the strategic daring and tactical caution of the true statesman.” It is also affirmed that “in the annals of political architecture the formation of the Dominion of Canada deserves a foremost place.” Both in the process of extension and in the formation of the federal constitution the leaders of the Canadian churches played a vital role. Also they helped to give substantial reality to an artificially contrived nation by fashioning their own church structures in accordance with the new national boundaries of 1867. But what was far more important, they actively cooperated, perhaps even against their own inner convictions, in bringing about a modus vivendi between the two warring cultures that found themselves compelled to live together in one house. Preceding the present “mutual agreement to forgive and forget” there is a long story of religious warfare and rivalry which ought to be of interest to church historians generally, if only to gain some insight into the character of a Christianity which has been so largely shaped under negative conditions.

Predicting the impact of perturbations on salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) communities: implications for monitoring

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1166-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Arkoosh ◽  
L Johnson ◽  
P A Rossignol ◽  
T K Collier
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Contaminant Exposure ◽  
Community Model ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Chemical Contaminant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Twenty-six salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) stocks from the Pacific Northwest are listed as either threatened or endangered. A number of anthropogenic factors, likely including degradation of habitat by chemical contaminant exposure, have contributed to their decline. Techniques that can assess injury or judge the efficacy of regulatory actions on the recovery of this species are needed. We strive to understand why a population is changing by examining changes in their intrinsic birth rates, death rates, and (or) growth rates. However, salmon populations are influenced by other species in the community. To address this issue, we developed a parsimonious three-trophic-level community model consisting of prey, salmon, and parasites and examined the model's response to one anthropogenic factor (contaminant exposure) using qualitative analysis. This community model may not only provide valuable insight into salmon survival but also may broaden the approaches available to elucidate direct and indirect effects. We demonstrate analytically that some community members, possibly salmon themselves, might be ambiguous or unreliable variables to monitor. We also demonstrate that other species in the community, such as parasites, may be more sensitive than salmon in monitoring the influence of anthropogenic factors such as contaminants.

scholarly journals Temporal proteomic profiling reveals insight into critical developmental processes and temperature-influenced physiological response differences in a bivalve mollusc

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelly A. Trigg ◽  
Kaitlyn R. Mitchell ◽  
Rhonda Elliott Thompson ◽  
Benoit Eudeline ◽  
Brent Vadopalas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTBackgroundProtein expression patterns underlie physiological processes and phenotypic differences including those occurring during early development. The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) undergoes a major phenotypic change in early development from free-swimming larval form to sessile benthic dweller while proliferating in environments with broad temperature ranges. Despite the economic and ecological importance of the species, physiological processes occurring throughout metamorphosis and the impact of temperature on these processes have not yet been mapped out.ResultsTowards this, we comprehensively characterized protein abundance patterns for 7978 proteins throughout metamorphosis in the Pacific oyster at different temperature regimes. We used a multi-statistical approach including principal component analysis, ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis, and hierarchical clustering coupled with functional enrichment analysis to characterize these data. We identified distinct sets of proteins with time-dependent abundances generally not affected by temperature. Over 12 days, adhesion and calcification related proteins acutely decreased, organogenesis and extracellular matrix related proteins gradually decreased, proteins related to signaling showed sinusoidal abundance patterns, and proteins related to metabolic and growth processes gradually increased. Contrastingly, different sets of proteins showed temperature-dependent abundance patterns with proteins related to immune response showing lower abundance and catabolic pro-growth processes showing higher abundance in animals reared at 29°C relative to 23°C.ConclusionAlthough time was a stronger driver than temperature of metamorphic proteome changes, temperature-induced proteome differences led to pro-growth physiology corresponding to larger oyster size at 29°C, and to altered specific metamorphic processes and possible pathogen presence at 23°C. These findings offer high resolution insight into why oysters may experience high mortality rates during this life transition in both field and culture settings. The proteome resource generated by this study provides data-driven guidance for future work on developmental changes in molluscs. Furthermore, the analytical approach taken here provides a foundation for effective shotgun proteomic analyses across a variety of taxa.

scholarly journals Journey through the writing process: Metaphors of thesis writing experience

ExELL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-179
Author(s):  
Jasmina Hanić ◽  
Tanja Pavlović ◽  
Alma Jahić Jašić
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Writing Process ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Master's Students ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Master's Thesis ◽  
Central Image ◽  
Thesis Writing ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This paper aimed to investigate metaphorical images used by master’s students in order to gain an insight into their schemata for thinking about the process of master’s thesis writing. Semistructured interviews on the topic of master’s thesis writing with three students coming from humanities, social sciences and natural sciences served as a corpus from which the data were extracted. The paper analysed participants’ unconscious use of metaphorical language in their narratives, mirroring their perception of the thesis writing process. The results revealed that the participants’ personal experience revolves around the concept of journey as the central image they share and the journey metaphor, along with a group of related specific metaphors, serves to illustrate the complexity of the writing process itself.

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