The Effect of Human Resource Investment in Internal Control on the Disclosure of Internal Control Weaknesses

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Hag Choi ◽  
Sunhwa Choi ◽  
Chris E. Hogan ◽  
Joonil Lee
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Resource Investment ◽  
Reporting Requirement ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses ◽  
The Individual

SUMMARY This paper investigates the effect of human resource investment in internal control over financial reporting on the disclosure of internal control weaknesses at both the firm and the individual department level. Using a unique reporting requirement for Korean-listed firms, this study uses the ratio of the number of employees involved with the implementation of internal controls (hereafter, IC personnel) to the total number of employees of the firm as a proxy for a firm's human resource investment in internal control. We find that the proportion of IC personnel and the change of the proportion within the firm and several key departments are negatively associated with the disclosure of internal control weaknesses. We also find that a change in IC personnel is positively associated with the likelihood of remediation of the internal control weaknesses. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of human resource investment in determining the strength of a firm's internal controls over financial reporting.

Sunshine Center: An Instructional Case Evaluating Internal Controls in a Small Organization

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra K. Fleak ◽  
Keith E. Harrison ◽  
Laurie A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Fraud Triangle ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Control Framework ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses

ABSTRACT: Management and auditors face increased responsibilities to evaluate internal control and assess the risk of fraud. This case provides the opportunity to evaluate internal controls and the possibility of fraud in a very small not-for-profit child care center, a setting that is easy to understand. The first goal of the case is to identify internal control weaknesses by applying the COSO internal control framework in an environment that lacks many aspects of internal control. Interactions among the five components of the COSO framework provide the basis for analyzing internal control. The case requires students to consider possible misappropriation of funds using the fraud triangle. A secondary goal of the case is to introduce financial reporting for a not-for-profit organization as a means of accountability.

scholarly journals Internal Control Weakness and Managerial Myopia: Evidence from SOX Section 404 Disclosures

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Ji
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Financial Reporting Quality ◽  
Section 404 ◽  
Managerial Myopia ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses ◽  
The Impact

Problem/ Relevance: Managerial myopia is an important issue of interests to academics, practitioners, and regulators as managers have been condemned for their obsession with short-term earnings and myopic investment decisions that sacrifice firms’ long term value for shareholders. This article contributes by examining whether the quality of firms’ internal controls over financial reporting (ICFR) is associated with managerial myopia. Research Objective/ Questions: The purpose of this study is to examine whether managers in firms reporting material internal control weaknesses (ICW) under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 engage in myopic behaviors more than those in firms without reporting ICW. Methodology: The study uses the logit regression model to investigate a sample obtained from Compustat for the period of 2005-2013. Major Findings: The study finds a positive association between internal control weaknesses reported by auditors under Section 404 of the SOX and managerial short-termism which is measured by the probability of cutting R&D expenses in the current year from the previous year. Implications: Whereas prior studies mostly examine the impact of internal controls on accounting quality, this study demonstrates the implication of internal controls beyond financial reporting quality by showing an association between internal control quality and managerial myopia. Future research may further investigate the association between firms’ financial reporting quality and managerial investment decisions.

Directors' and Officers' Legal Liability Insurance and Internal Control Weaknesses

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Zheng Chen ◽  
Edmund C. Keung
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses ◽  
Directors And Officers ◽  
Personal Liability

ABSTRACT Directors' and officers' (D&O) legal liability insurance releases directors and officers from the threat of litigation and personal liability stemming from their decisions on behalf of the corporation. While researchers have examined some of the determinants of internal control weaknesses, it is not clear whether excess D&O coverage motivates managers to weaken the quality of firms' internal controls. This study examines whether excess D&O coverage affects the effectiveness of internal controls. Based on a sample of Taiwanese listed firms for the period 2008 to 2012, we find that firms with excess D&O coverage exhibit a greater likelihood of internal control weaknesses. This finding is driven primarily by company-level weaknesses rather than by account-level weaknesses. Because the disclosure of D&O insurance may convey additional information about managers' actions, our findings have implications for other emerging markets.

The Severity of Internal Controls over Financial Reporting Deficiencies: Differences among Types and Industries

2014 ◽  
pp. 55-77
Author(s):  
Tatiana Mazza ◽  
Stefano Azzali
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
Finance Industry ◽  
Material Weaknesses ◽  
Fixed Assets

This study analyzes the severity of Internal Control over Financial Reporting deficiencies (Deficiencies, Significant Deficiencies and Material Weaknesses) in a sample of Italian listed companies, in the period 2007- 2012. Using proprietary data the severity of the deficiencies is tested for account-specific, entity level and information technology controls and for industries (manufacturing and services vs finance industries). The results on ICD severity is compared with one of the most frequent ICD (Acc_Period End/Accounting Policies): for account-specific, ICD in revenues, purchase, fixed assets and intangible, loans and insurance are more severe while ICD in Inventory are less severe. Differences in ICD severity have been found in the characteristic account: ICD in loan and insurance for finance industry and ICD in revenue, purchase for manufacturing and service industry are more severe. Finally, we found that ICD in entity level and information technology controls are less severe than account specific ICD in all industries. However, the results on entity level and information technology deficiencies could also mean that the importance of these types of control are under-evaluated by the manufacturing and service companies.

Board Independence and Internal Control Weakness: Evidence from SOX 404 Disclosures

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Chen ◽  
W. Robert Knechel ◽  
Vijaya Bhaskar Marisetty ◽  
Cameron Truong ◽  
Madhu Veeraraghavan
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses ◽  
A Company ◽  
Jel Classifications

SUMMARY In this paper, we investigate whether board independence has an impact on the likelihood that a company reports weaknesses in internal controls. Using a sample of 11,226 firm-year observations spanning the period 2004–2012, we establish several findings. First, we document a negative relation between board independence and the disclosure of internal control weaknesses. We also document that the negative relation is stronger for firms with unitary leadership (combined positions of CEO and chairman) than for firms with dual leadership. Next, we show that board independence is associated with both fewer account-specific and company-level weaknesses. Finally, we show that board independence is associated with timely remediation of internal control weaknesses and that the implementation of Auditing Standard No. 5 in 2007 weakens the effect of board independence on the disclosure of ICW. JEL Classifications: G10; G18.

Do Negative Corporate Social Responsibility Events Signal Financial Misreporting? — Empirical Finding from Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 2150004
Author(s):  
Ching-Lung Chen ◽  
Hann-Pyng Wang ◽  
Hung-Shu Fan ◽  
Shiu-Chieh Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Empirical Finding ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Control Rights ◽  
Cash Flow Rights ◽  
Corporate Social

This study examines whether negative corporate social responsibility events (NCSRs) signal potential firm misreporting and pending financial reporting restatements. Without formal opinions on the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting in Taiwan, we hypothesize NCSRs can represent and/or signal a firm’s internal control weakness, which may in turn result in poor financial reporting. Note that the concern with controlling owners expropriating wealth through ineffective internal controls is given important weight by investors and regulators. We further examine whether the signaling function of NCSRs is more pronounced in contexts with a serious agency problem, such as is found in the high divergence of control and cash flow rights case (denoted as high excess control rights) in Taiwan. Empirical results indicate that, as conjectured, incidence of NCSRs is positively associated with the likelihood of reporting restatements. Further evidence reveals that this result is particularly pronounced in the high divergence of control and cash-flow rights subsample test. We demonstrate several diagnostic tests and show the results are robust in various specifications.

How does human resource investment in internal control affect audit reporting lag?

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 195-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il-Hang Shin ◽  
Ho-Young Lee ◽  
Hyun-Ah Lee ◽  
Myungsoo Son
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Resource Investment

scholarly journals Causality and multidimensionality of internal controls: Impact on organizations

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-5) ◽  
pp. 502-515
Author(s):  
Joshua Onome Imoniana ◽  
Verônica Moreira Costa ◽  
Mariana Araujo ◽  
Luiza Helena Pereira Alberto ◽  
Patrícia P. Alves
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Chief Financial Officer ◽  
Final Response ◽  
Final Response Rate

This study analyzes the managers’ (Chief Financial Officer (CFO)) perception of impact of implementation of internal controls. It investigates the causes of adoption in the multidimensionality of internal control of the Brazilian companies traded in the New York Stock market. A survey sent to the CFOs of the 70 companies listed in the NYSE collected empirical data from these companies. The final response rate was 15.16 %. The study uses partial least squares modeling for statistical analysis to test the research question. Our empirical evidence supports the hypotheses that “the greater the level of multidimensionality of controls in an organization the lower the level of causal effects and damage to the control environment. Based on work performed, one is able to infer that overall, there is a significant relationship between causal effects on operating activities, financial reporting and compliance in relation to the multidimensionality of internal controls, thus, when there are uncommon features, depending on the level of multidimensionality special attention should be paid to the causes of adoption of controls to track risks posed to business.

scholarly journals PERANAN AUDIT INTERNAL DALAM MENUNJANG EFEKTIVITAS PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL ATAS BIAYA PRODUKSI AIR MINUM DALAM KEMASAN 240ML PADA PT. AQUA GOLDEN MISSISSIPPI TBK.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-65
Author(s):  
Arief Tri Hardiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Control Cost ◽  
Strongly Agree

This study shows how the role of internal audit is adequate can play a role in supporting the effectiveness of internal controls over the production cost of bottled water 240ml at PT. Aqua Golden Mississippi Tbk. (Branch Mekarsari). The method used in this research is descriptive statistic by using Spearman Rank correlation coefficient with n = 15 and a significant level of 0.05. Based on the research that has been described, it can be concluded that the respondents in the role of internal audit is adequately provide answers strongly agree and agree amounting to 96.1% of respondents regarding the effectiveness of internal control over production costs by 97.02% answered strongly agree and agree, The role of internal audit in supporting the effectiveness of internal controls over the production cost of bottled water 240ml including a very strong, which is 89.96%. While the remaining 10.04% influenced by other factors not included in the research conducted by the author. Thus it can be said that adequate internal audit was instrumental in supporting the effectiveness of internal controls over the production cost of bottled water 240ml at PT. Aqua Golden Mississippi Tbk. (Branch Mekarsari).Keywords: Internal Audit, Internal Control, Cost of Production

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