The Private Foundation Minimum Distribution Requirement and Public Policy

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn B. Levine ◽  
Richard C. Sansing
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Foundation ◽  
Private Foundations ◽  
Distribution Requirement ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACT This study examines the public policy rationale for the minimum distribution requirement that requires private foundations to spend at least 5 percent of their assets on charitable purposes. The study explicitly models an objective function that the government tries to maximize and a population of heterogeneous contributors that care about both distributions to charity and assets under their control. An increase in the minimum distribution requirement increases the rate of charitable distributions from some foundations, but deters other contributors from forming foundations. The level of the minimum distribution requirement reflects a trade-off between these two effects.

scholarly journals Agenda-setting and Public Policy in Private Foundations

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kate Williamson ◽  
Belinda Luke
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
Philanthropic Foundations ◽  
Policy Influence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Foundations ◽  
Social Causes ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThis paper examines advocacy, agenda-setting and the public policy focus of private philanthropic foundations in Australia. While concerns have been raised regarding advocacy and public policy influence of foundations in countries such as the U.S., less is understood on this issue in other contexts. Interviews were conducted with 11 managers and trustees of 10 Private Ancillary Funds (PAFs) in late 2014. Analysis of publicly available data on the participating PAFs was then undertaken comparing PAF information available at the time of the interviews with that available approximately five years later, to consider any changes in the public communication of their agendas. Findings reveal PAFs’ agendas were largely consistent with public policy but may vary in the approaches to address social causes. Further, a preference for privacy indicates the PAF sector may be characterised as ‘quiet philanthropy’ rather than having a visible public presence. As such, PAFs’ advocacy focused on promoting philanthropy, rather than altering or influencing public policy. Our main contention is that the conceptions of advocacy in structured philanthropy are dominated by the obvious, the outliers and the noisy. Our contribution to the philanthropic literature is a more nuanced and broader discussion of how advocacy and agenda-setting occurs and is understood in the mainstream.

scholarly journals Role of Spiritual Intelligence in Public Policy in the African American Pentecostal Church

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-161
Author(s):  
James B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
African American ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Community Issues ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Policy Engagement ◽  
The Church

Abstract Although many U.S. faith-based organizations have become partners with the government, the African American Pentecostal Church (aapc), which holds spirituality as a means of serving humanity as its theological framework, has remained a silent partner in public policy engagement. With the framework of spiritual intelligence, this qualitative case study addresses the perceptions of African American Pentecostal leaders regarding how the church’s theology may have an impact on the public policy engagement of its parishioners. Twelve African American Pentecostal Bishops were interviewed, and data were coded and analyzed to identify themes. Results revealed that participants use their spirituality to connect with public policy issues that relate to their personal experiences. Findings also indicated that the aapc is not an organized denomination, but rather a conglomeration of factions. Lack of an organized epicenter and lack of training and development of its leaders prevent this church from engaging in the public sphere. Although members embrace their responsibility to care for the needs of others, the church lacks a collective response to community issues. Findings may be used to prepare the next generation of aapc leaders to unify the church to offer spiritual solutions to public policy issues.

scholarly journals Through a Glass Darkly: The Role and Review of "National Security" Concepts in Canadian Law

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Forcese
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
National Security ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Precise Meaning ◽  
Canadian Law ◽  
Real Importance ◽  
The Government

The expression "national security" or its close similes lacks a precise meaning, even in the public policy literature. Nevertheless, the concept appears in over 30 federal statutes. In most instances, the term is undefined, an important oversight in light of the significant powers these statutes accord the government. Under these circumstances, how courts review government invocations of "national security" is of real importance. With some exceptions, courts applying s. 7 of the Charter and standard administrative law doctrines have accorded substantial deference to government national security determinations. When largely deferential substantive review of the ambiguous concept of national security is coupled with the ex parti and in camera context in which these cases are often heard, the net effect is to leave government with a freer hand in national security matters than in other domains of administrative decision making. Several possible responses to this problem are proposed.

scholarly journals Public Opinion and Public Policy in Advanced Democracies

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Wlezien
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Descriptive Representation ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Roll Call ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The Government

The representation of public opinion in public policy is of obvious importance in representative democracies. While public opinion is important in all political systems, it is especially true where voters elect politicians; after all, opinion representation is a primary justification for representative democracy. Not surprisingly, a lot of research addresses the connection between the public and the government. Much of the work considers “descriptive representation”—whether the partisan and demographic characteristics of elected politicians match the characteristics of the electorate itself. This descriptive representation is important but may not produce actual “substantive representation” of preferences in policy. Other work examines the positions of policymakers. Some of this research assesses the roll call voting behavior of politicians and institutions. The expressed positions and voting behavior of political actors do relate to policy but are not the same things. Fortunately, a good amount of research analyzes policy. With but a handful of exceptions noted below, this research focuses on expressed preferences of the public, not their “interests.” That is, virtually all scholars let people be the judges of their own interests, and they assess the representation of expressed opinion no matter how contrary to self-interest it may seem.

Without Warning and Defenseless

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-118
Author(s):  
Timothy W. Kneeland
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
National Weather Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legislative Session ◽  
State Senator ◽  
The Government

This chapter describes how the public also vented anger and frustration at agents of government whose job it was to protect people before a natural disaster occurred. The public was incensed at having received no warnings from the National Weather Service (NWS) and demanded to know why their local civil defense organizations had failed in the midst of the crisis. The public expected to hold someone responsible for the death and the destruction of property. Assigning blame is an integral component of American democracy; in order for change to occur, the electorate must assign responsibility when the government fails so they can pressure officials into improving public policy. In response to the public outrage, elected officials conducted a series of hearings into what went wrong before and during the Hurricane Agnes disaster. State senator Bill Smith, who was unable to get Governor Nelson Rockefeller to agree to a special legislative session, teamed up with Senate majority leader Warren Anderson to hold special hearings into government failures during the disaster. These investigations would show just how tattered the disaster safety net had become in the days before Hurricane Agnes.

Bounded by the State: Government Priorities and the Development of Private Philanthropic Foundations in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 1083-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijun Lai ◽  
Jiangang Zhu ◽  
Lin Tao ◽  
Anthony J. Spires
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
State Government ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Private Foundation ◽  
Private Foundations ◽  
Regulatory Perspective ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Government

AbstractFrom a regulatory perspective, philanthropy in China has been officially modernized. Since the government established a legal framework in 2004 based on models from overseas, the number of private foundations in China has grown more than six-fold. Drawing on a nationally representative survey of 214 private foundations conducted in 2012, we present a landscape view of these new philanthropic institutions, discussing both who begins foundations and how their monies are used. We find that despite the rise of new private wealth in China and the adoption of the private foundation form, government priorities are structuring the field of Chinese philanthropy in key and consequential ways. We conclude with some considerations of the implications of these findings for the development of broader civil society.

scholarly journals Evaluación Del Impacto De La Política Pública “Programa De Estímulos A La Innovación”, En El Contexto De Propiedad Industrial En México

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Antonio Solís Lima ◽  
María Catalina Ovando Chico ◽  
Emmanuel Olivera Pérez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Lozada
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technological Growth ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
Policy Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
Objective Indicators

In order to trigger economic and technological development in Mexico, the government of this country is trying different ways to boost innovation. One of them is through the public policy "Program of Stimuli for Innovation (PSI)". This consists of granting subsidies to companies for the development and commercialization of technological innovations that trigger new markets. However, although annual reports of the PSI management have been generated, studies conducted to evaluate this program in terms of industrial property appropriation are still unknown. For the foregoing, the object of this studywas to evaluate the PSI to know its national impact in terms of appropriation of industrial property in the period 2009-2016. The evaluation consisted of making a quantitative, statistical, descriptive and inferential analysis of the PSI, using databases generated by Mexican public institutions. The results of this research showed that although the PSI grants motivated the link between research centers and companies for the development of innovative technologies, the appropriation of industrial property managed by Mexicans was modest. Likewise, it was found that the grants were not granted in an equitable manner to the different types of companies that participated in the program. Concluding that it is necessary to evaluate and supervise this public policy with objective indicators that allow it to be more effective. It is expected that this study will contribute to making a proposal for improvement to this public policy that contributes to the economic and technological growth of this country.

scholarly journals The Political Process in the Preparation of Public Policy A Case Study on the Preparation of the Constitution of Oil and Gas in the Republic of Indonesia’s House of Representatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-111
Author(s):  
Julizar Idris ◽  
Abdul Hakim ◽  
Sarwono Sarwono ◽  
Bambang Santoso Haryono
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Abstract Public policy formulation as a political process is a dynamic formulation of policies involving many actors, ranging from the executive, legislative, academic, to non-governmental organizations. The purpose of this study was to find out the political process of drafting the Oil and Gas Law and determine the model for the formulation of the Oil and Gas Law in the Republic of Indonesia’s House of Representatives. This research method uses a qualitative approach, through observation, in-interview techniques and documentation of secondary data in the process of collecting data. Data analysis using the Interactive Model method by Miles & Huberman's. The results of the study indicate that the political process of drafting the Constitution of Oil and Gas takes place in the following stages: planning, drafting and discussion. Politically, the planning of the Constitution of Oil and Gas comes from several sources: (1) the bill from the President; (2) the bill from the House of Representatives; and (3) the bill from the Regional Representative Council. The long political process in the public policy formulation in the House of Representatives starts from the process of inventorying input from factions, commissions, and the public to be determined as a Legislative Body decision, then the decision is to be consulted with the Government; afterwards, the results of the consultation are reported to the Plenary Session to make the decision.

scholarly journals Public Project Portfolio Optimization under a Participatory Paradigm

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Fernandez ◽  
Rafael Olmedo
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Public Project ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Portfolio Problem ◽  
Real Size ◽  
The Government ◽  
Participatory Exercise ◽  
New Democracy

A new democracy paradigm is emerging through participatory budgeting exercises, which can be defined as a public space in which the government and the society agree on how to adapt the priorities of the citizenship to the public policy agenda. Although these priorities have been identified and they are likely to be reflected in a ranking of public policy actions, there is still a challenge of solving a portfolio problem of public projects that should implement the agreed agenda. This work proposes two procedures for optimizing the portfolio of public actions with the information stemming from the citizen participatory exercise. The selection of the method depends on the information about preferences collected from the participatory group. When the information is sufficient, the method behaves as an instrument of legitimate democracy. The proposal performs very well in solving two real-size examples.

scholarly journals The Government and Civil Society Collaboration against COVID-19 in South Korea: A Single or Multiple Actor Play?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bok Gyo Jeong ◽  
Sung-Ju Kim
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Public ◽  
South Korean ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Public Sphere

Abstract This study examines, from a collaborative governance perspective, the public policy process of South Korea in responding to the global health pandemic. In many countries, attention has been focused primarily on governmental capacity and political leadership in containing the COVID-19 pandemic. In South Korea, however, the role of civil society as a collaborative partner to government is especially important. To analyze the comprehensive and substantive nature of government-civil society collaboration, this study assesses the response to COVID-19 along two dimensions: the level of civil society involvement in governance, and the stage in public policy development. The study reveals that the South Korean government was a coordinator of multiple actors and multiple sectors of society, including civil society, and that all three facets of civil society as described by Edwards (2004), were involved: associational life, civility, and engagement in the public sphere.

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