The Influence of Incentive Structure on Group Performance in Assembly Lines and Teams

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Libby ◽  
Linda Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Group Performance ◽  
Incentive Structure ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Assembly Lines ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Group Incentives ◽  
Incentive Structures ◽  
Modern Manufacturing ◽  
Task Strategies ◽  
Best Fit

ABSTRACT: Modern manufacturing settings increasingly rely upon workgroups; however, evidence concerning the best fit among incentive structure, production environment, and group performance has been mixed. Young et al. (1993) examine the effect of group incentives on group performance in cooperative and noncooperative environments. Although theory and evidence from practice indicate that group incentives combined with cooperation should result in higher group performance, their results were contrary to this prediction. To further explore this issue, we examine the effect of individual, group, and mixed incentive structures on group performance in assembly lines and teams. We find no difference in group performance depending on incentive structure for assembly lines; however, group performance is higher under group incentives for teams. Supplemental analysis indicates group incentives support the teams’ ability to implement beneficial task strategies and although mixed incentives are theoretically appealing, they may send confusing signals to employees about where to direct their effort.

scholarly journals The Formation of Group Ties in Open Interaction Groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-181
Author(s):  
Shane Thye ◽  
Edward J. Lawler ◽  
Jeongkoo Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social Dilemmas ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Group Incentives ◽  
Incentive Structures

We examine how task jointness and group incentive structures bear on the nature and strength of the affective and cognitive ties that people forge to a group. The argument is that affective group ties have stronger effects on social order than cognitive group ties. There are two general hypotheses. First, joint tasks generate stronger cognitive and affective ties to groups, whereas group incentives generate cognitive but not necessarily affective ties to the group. Second, affective ties more effectively solve two fundamental problems of social order in groups: (1) sustaining membership (also known as stay behavior) and (2) generating the joint gains of further collaboration (cooperation). The theoretical logic is that joint tasks promote a sense of shared responsibility, and this leads members to attribute their individual emotions to the group as an object, whereas alignment of individual and group incentives does not produce such effects. The theory and hypotheses are tested experimentally in four-person open interaction groups, manipulating task jointness (high, low, none) and incentives (individual based vs. group based). The results generally support the hypotheses underlying the theoretical logic. Affective ties to groups are based primarily on levels of task jointness, and such tasks have stronger effects than incentives on the capacity of groups to retain membership and induce cooperation in social dilemmas.

scholarly journals A Randomized Trial of the Impact of Survey Design Characteristics on Response Rates Among Nursing Home Providers

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Clark ◽  
Michelle Rogers ◽  
Andrew Foster ◽  
Faye Dvorchak ◽  
Frances Saadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Incentive Structure ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Incentive Structures ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
C 30 ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Director Of Nursing ◽  
The Impact

An experiment was conducted to maximize participation of both the Director of Nursing (DoN) and the Administrator (ADMIN) in long-term care facilities. Providers in each of the 224 randomly selected facilities were randomly assigned to 1 of 16 conditions based on the combination of data collection mode (web vs. mail), questionnaire length (short vs. long), and incentive structure. Incentive structures were determined by amount compensated if the individual completed and an additional amount per individual if the pair completed (a) $30 individual/$5 pair/$35 total; (b) $10 individual/$25 pair/$35 total; (c) $30 individual/$20 pair/$50 total; and (d) $10 individual/$40 pair/$50 total. Overall, 47.4% of eligible respondents participated; both respondents participated in 29.3% of facilities. In multivariable analyses, there were no differences in the likelihood of both respondents participating by mode, questionnaire length, or incentive structure. Providing incentives contingent on participation by both providers of a facility was an ineffective strategy for significantly increasing response rates.

Explanations of Individual-Group Performance Differences

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark F. Stasson ◽  
Scott D. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Group Performance ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Performance Differences

scholarly journals Conversational Pragmatics: Memory Reporting Strategies in Different Social Contexts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Martín-Luengo ◽  
Karlos Luna ◽  
Yury Shtyrov
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Incentive Structure ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Incentive Structures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Different Levels

Conversational pragmatics studies, among others, factors that affect the information we share with others. Previous research showed that when participants are unsure about the correctness of an answer, they report fewer answers. This behavior strongly depends on the incentive structure of the social context where the question-response exchange takes place. In this research we studied how the different incentive structure of several types of social contexts affects conversational pragmatics and the amount of information we are willing to share. In addition, we also studied how different levels of knowledge may affect memory reporting in different social contexts. Participants answered easy, intermediate, and difficult general knowledge questions and decided whether they would report or withhold their selected answer in different social contexts: formal vs. informal, and constrained (a context that promotes providing only responses we are certain about) vs. loose (with an incentive structure that maximizes providing any type of answer). Overall, our results confirmed that social contexts are associated with a different incentive structure which affect memory reporting strategies, and that the effect of social contexts depended on the difficulty of the questions. Our results highlight the relevance of studying the different incentive structures of social contexts to understand the underlying processes of conversational pragmatics, and stress the importance of considering metamemory theories of memory reporting.

Why National Movements Compete, Fight, and Win

Rebel Power ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Krause
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Structure Theory ◽  
Group Leadership ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Group Incentives ◽  
Movement Dynamics ◽  
National Movements ◽  
Movement Structure

This chapter discusses the different strengths, challenges, and potential extensions of the Movement Structure Theory (MST). In MST, the key distinction is the number of significant groups, which determines whether the movement is internally competitive or noncompetitive. This aspect of movement structure drives group incentives and movement dynamics, which together drive group behavior and movement outcome. Alliances have comparatively little impact. In an alliance, individuals are generally loyal to their groups first. Individual group leadership maintains ultimate decision-making power, even if groups agree to try to coordinate certain actions. The power concentrated in a single alliance is therefore far less cohesive in organization, coherent in action, and stable in alignment than a single group. These factors make a movement with a unifying alliance somewhat different from a fragmented movement with no such ties but very different from a hegemonic movement with a single dominant group.

Robust Motion Generation for Vision-Guided Robot Bin-Picking

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Leonard ◽  
Ambrose Chan ◽  
Elizabeth Croft ◽  
James J. Little
Keyword(s):  
Visual Servoing ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Object Localization ◽  
Assembly Lines ◽  
Motion Generation ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Bin Picking ◽  
Modern Manufacturing

This paper discusses work towards a vision-based solution to the problem of robot bin-picking. The problem of robot bin-picking is defined as searching for and recognizing a part among many lying jumbled in a bin such that the robot is able to grasp and manipulate the part. Despite decades of research in vision, robotics, and manufacturing, this problem remains open. Currently, in modern manufacturing, this seemingly simple task is performed by complex assembly lines or manual labor. The amount of efforts and costs associated with the current solutions to bin-picking is a testament to the importance of a new solution. The main objective of this research is a reliable and cost effective automated solution to the bin-picking problem encountered in manufacturing. As a broader contribution, this research also provides a robust visual servoing method that enables safe interactions between a robot and its environment. Our system uses visual feedback to generate tasks autonomously and to control the interaction of the manipulator with its environment. First, our system relies on robust vision-based object localization to generate three-dimensional pose hypotheses for each identified part. Then, the hypotheses are filtered according to the feasibility of their picking configuration. Finally, a trajectory is generated for a picking position. In this paper, we consider the specifications of the trajectory ensure that collisions with the bin and joints limits are avoided, while servoing the robot to the part. To ensure the reliability of the system, the procedure is tested in a simulation before being executed by a manipulator. Our experiments target the automotive industry and involve real engine parts a typical industrial robot and metal bin.

scholarly journals Different contracts in the Civil Code for different organizations in the market: comparing co-operative and stock banks using a cost frontier approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-567
Author(s):  
GILBERTO TURATI
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Test ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Incentive Structure ◽  
Cost Frontier ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Incentive Structures ◽  
Complex Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Stage Analysis

Abstract:In this paper, I propose an empirical test of the main prediction of the theoretical literature on the firm as an incentive structure using data on the Italian markets, where two types of co-operative banks co-exist together with stock banks. I estimate a standard translog cost frontier and I derive cost efficiency scores. Kruskall–Wallis tests indicate that mean efficiency scores are statistically different among the three types of banks, providing empirical support to the theoretical prediction that different organizations represent different incentive structures. Moreover, co-operatives banks appear more efficient than stock banks. These results are robust also after controlling for the size of banks and the quality of their credit policies in a second-stage analysis. Hence, the efficiency gains stemming from the presence of scale economies seem to be dominated by the efficiency losses caused by the agency relationships within the bank in a more complex organization.

General Form Tolerance Evaluation Using Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Tzong Yau ◽  
Kuei-Wu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Data ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Turbine Wheel ◽  
B Splines ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Form Tolerance ◽  
Modern Manufacturing ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Form Features ◽  
Best Fit

Abstract Tolerance evaluation is critical to quality assurance in modern manufacturing. In contrast to traditional measurement which relies on specific hard gauges, coordinate measuring machines provide more flexibility for dimensional measurement and tolerance evaluations. To fully automate CMM inspection and tolerance evaluation, CAD/CMM integration is an important key. Although the subject of CAD-directed inspection has been widely researched, CAD model-based tolerance evaluation has received less attention. This paper presents a CAD model-based approach for evaluating general form tolerances using non-uniform rational B-splines. Unlike classical methods which construct substitute geometric features from the measurement data, this method evaluates form tolerances by comparing the measurement data with a nominal CAD model. Nonuniform rational B-splines (NURBS) is used to represent general form features since NURBS offers a common format for modeling precisely all the different form features. With this unified database, a general best-fit algorithm is developed that can be applied to the evaluation of various form tolerances. Computer simulations have been performed on different form features to study the robustness and efficiency of the algorithm. Application to the measurement of turbine wheel die segment is also presented.

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