scholarly journals A Randomized Trial of the Impact of Survey Design Characteristics on Response Rates Among Nursing Home Providers

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Clark ◽  
Michelle Rogers ◽  
Andrew Foster ◽  
Faye Dvorchak ◽  
Frances Saadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Incentive Structure ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Incentive Structures ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
C 30 ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Director Of Nursing ◽  
The Impact

An experiment was conducted to maximize participation of both the Director of Nursing (DoN) and the Administrator (ADMIN) in long-term care facilities. Providers in each of the 224 randomly selected facilities were randomly assigned to 1 of 16 conditions based on the combination of data collection mode (web vs. mail), questionnaire length (short vs. long), and incentive structure. Incentive structures were determined by amount compensated if the individual completed and an additional amount per individual if the pair completed (a) $30 individual/$5 pair/$35 total; (b) $10 individual/$25 pair/$35 total; (c) $30 individual/$20 pair/$50 total; and (d) $10 individual/$40 pair/$50 total. Overall, 47.4% of eligible respondents participated; both respondents participated in 29.3% of facilities. In multivariable analyses, there were no differences in the likelihood of both respondents participating by mode, questionnaire length, or incentive structure. Providing incentives contingent on participation by both providers of a facility was an ineffective strategy for significantly increasing response rates.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic in an aging world

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Reher ◽  
Miguel Requena ◽  
Gustavo de Santis ◽  
Albert Esteve ◽  
Massimo Livi Bacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Aging World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Single Living

Since death rates from the COVID-19 are highest among the oldest, the impact of the current pandemic in a given society depends to a large extent on the share of elderly persons and their living arrangements. Whereas the former is well known, the latter is not. Arguably, contagion itself and the severity of its symptoms are likely to vary among elderly persons living alone, co-residing with family members or dwelling in institutions. Arguments in favour and against the premise that single-living elderly are better able to self-isolate can be made. Long-term care facilities have worsened the effects of the epidemic because they have often become death traps in some but not all countries. Once contagion takes place, living arrangements can make a huge difference in the way the disease can be managed by the individual, his family and society. Properly understanding the dynamics of contagion and the handling of the disease in terms of living arrangements of elderly people is essential for effectively tackling future outbreaks of similar epidemics.

scholarly journals What’s in a Name? Effects of Alternative Forms of Addressing Households on Response Rates and Data Quality in an Address-based Mail Survey

Field Methods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Dykema ◽  
Nadia Assad ◽  
Griselle Sanchez-Diettert ◽  
Kelly Elver ◽  
John Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Postal Service ◽  
Item Nonresponse ◽  
Mail Surveys ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

Best practices in mail survey design advise personalizing correspondence, but most research predates the use of address-based sampling (ABS) in which a householder’s name either cannot be matched to an address or may be matched incorrectly. Further, recent evidence casts doubt on the effectiveness of personalization. The current study examines the impact of using a personalized versus a generic salutation on response rates and data quality in an ABS mail survey of the general population. A sample of 2,000 household addresses in Wisconsin was randomly selected from the U.S. Postal Service Delivery Sequence File. For households in the personalized salutation group, all materials used the surname of the household; cases in the generic salutation group referred to the state conducting the survey. While personalization was not related to response rates, it was associated with higher levels of item nonresponse. Findings support current recommendations not to use names in ABS mail surveys.

A Theoretical Look at the Impact of Incentives on Design Problem Effort Provision

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. Vermillion ◽  
Richard J. Malak
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Incentive Structure ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Incentive Structures ◽  
Effort Provision ◽  
The Impact

Searching for and selecting among design solutions is not an effortless task. The principle of least effort suggests people seek to minimize the amount of effort they apply towards completing their tasks. In the context of engineering design, it is conceivable that expending more effort on the design problem yields a design solution with greater performance. In this paper, we investigate the impact of incentives on motivating engineering designers to increase the amount of effort they apply to solving design problems. Specifically, we formulate an analytical model of effort provision towards design tasks to compare two incentive structures: a probabilistic incentive and a deterministic incentive. With the probabilistic incentive, a designer’s final reward or penalty is uncertain, e.g. it is uncertain if a proposed design solution will meet requirements. With the deterministic incentive, a designer’s final reward or penalty is tied directly to the quality of the design solution as it is presented, e.g. a proposed design solution meets requirements with a certain probability as the figure of merit and the designer is directly rewarded or penalized on producing a design solution with that figure of merit. We parameterize the proposed analytical model and perform a parameter study to determine which incentive produces a more optimal design solution in the parameter space. Results show that there is no one dominant incentive structure, and the preferred incentive structure depends on how intense the reward or penalty is and how a designer subjectively valuates his effort.

scholarly journals Third party disability for significant others of individuals with tinnitus: A cross-sectional survey design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldre Beukes ◽  
Gerhard Andersson ◽  
Vinaya Manchaiah
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tinnitus Severity ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impact of tinnitus on significant others (SOs) is largely unknown. Objectives: The study aims included investigating third-party disability in a sample of SOs of individuals with tinnitus and to investigate factors associated with third-party disability. Design: The study used a cross-sectional survey design. Setting: The study was undertaken online Participants: Individuals with tinnitus together with their SOs completed questionnaires online. Outcome measures: The SO sample completed the newly developed Consequences of Tinnitus on Significant Others Questionnaire (CTSOQ). Individuals with tinnitus completed standardized self-reported outcome measures for tinnitus severity, anxiety, depression, insomnia, hearing related quality of life, tinnitus cognitions, hearing disability and hyperacusis to identify any associations between these scores and those of the significant others. Results: A total of 194 pairs of individuals with tinnitus and their SOs that participated, with a mean age of 57 and 56 years, respectively. The CTSOQ showed that 37 (19%) of SOs had mild impact, 58 (29%) had significant impact, and 101 (52%) had severe impact. The clinical variables of tinnitus severity, anxiety and hyperacusis in individuals with tinnitus were the best predictors of the impact of tinnitus on SOs. Conclusions: This study indicates that SOs of individuals with tinnitus may experience third-party disability. The effect of the individual’s tinnitus on SOs may be greater when the individual with tinnitus has greater tinnitus severity, anxiety and hyperacusis. Ways of mitigating these effects should be prioritized such as involving them in the tinnitus management process.

The Impact of Tax Incentive Structure On Taxpayers’ Retirement Savings Decisions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Cuccia ◽  
Marcus M. Doxey ◽  
Shane R. Stinson
Keyword(s):  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Defined Contribution ◽  
Retirement Plans ◽  
Incentive Structure ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Incentive ◽  
Incentive Structures ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
The Impact

We investigate whether and how the structure of retirement savings incentives influences their relative attractiveness to taxpayers, independent of their effect on after-tax returns. To that end, we examine taxpayers’ preferences between defined contribution retirement plans with back-loaded (i.e., Roth) and front-loaded (i.e., traditional) tax incentives. In three experiments, we find limited evidence that individuals appropriately weight temporal tax rate changes, the primary factor differentiating after-tax returns across incentive structures, in their plan preferences. In contrast, we find consistent evidence that the incentive structure’s relation to taxpayers’ broader attitudes and preferences significantly impacts plan preferences. Overall, we find evidence that generally held attitudes and preferences lead to a systematic preference for back-loaded retirement plans even in situations in which taxpayers know that a back-loaded plan is economically dominated by a front-loaded plan. The results have implications for policymakers and others considering how best to encourage retirement savings.

Relationship between Material Characteristics of Asphalt Mixtures and Highway Noise

2012 ◽  
Vol 2295 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Kocak ◽  
M. Emin Kutay
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Material Characteristics ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pavement Noise

Traffic noise is a main source of total environmental noise. The major component of traffic noise is the interaction between tire and pavement. One way of reducing traffic noise is to engineer pavements such that tire–pavement noise is minimized. The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between the tire–pavement noise generation (and absorption) and the material characteristics of asphalt pavements. This paper presents the impact of material mix design characteristics, as well as linear viscoelastic properties on sound absorption. To focus on the relationship between the noise and the internal material characteristics, a novel laboratory tire–pavement noise measurement system was developed. Although the individual material characteristics did not have an appreciable influence on the damping of sound, a strong correlation between the sound pressure level and a combination of several material characteristics was observed.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

Response Rates in Online Surveys With Affective Disorder Participants

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Burgard ◽  
Michael Bošnjak ◽  
Nadine Wedderhoff
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Contact Mode ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Survey Participation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
E Mail

Abstract. A meta-analysis was performed to determine whether response rates to online psychology surveys have decreased over time and the effect of specific design characteristics (contact mode, burden of participation, and incentives) on response rates. The meta-analysis is restricted to samples of adults with depression or general anxiety disorder. Time and study design effects are tested using mixed-effects meta-regressions as implemented in the metafor package in R. The mean response rate of the 20 studies fulfilling our meta-analytic inclusion criteria is approximately 43%. Response rates are lower in more recently conducted surveys and in surveys employing longer questionnaires. Furthermore, we found that personal invitations, for example, via telephone or face-to-face contacts, yielded higher response rates compared to e-mail invitations. As predicted by sensitivity reinforcement theory, no effect of incentives on survey participation in this specific group (scoring high on neuroticism) could be observed.

The Role of Threat and Economic Uncertainty in Support for Scottish Independence

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kopasker
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Economic Expectations ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Levels Of Support

Existing research has consistently shown that perceptions of the potential economic consequences of Scottish independence are vital to levels of support for constitutional change. This paper attempts to investigate the mechanism by which expectations of the economic consequences of independence are formed. A hypothesised causal micro-level mechanism is tested that relates constitutional preferences to the existing skill investments of the individual. Evidence is presented that larger skill investments are associated with a greater likelihood of perceiving economic threats from independence. Additionally, greater perceived threat results in lower support for independence. The impact of uncertainty on both positive and negative economic expectations is also examined. While uncertainty has little effect on negative expectations, it significantly reduces the likelihood of those with positive expectations supporting independence. Overall, it appears that a general economy-wide threat is most significant, and it is conjectured that this stems a lack of information on macroeconomic governance credentials.

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