Friction-Induced Pagetoid Dyskeratosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Al-Mohammedi ◽  
Gillian C. de Cannes ◽  
Richard I. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Reactive Process ◽  
Paget Disease ◽  
Combined Features ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Pagetoid dyskeratosis (PD) is characterized by pale cells within the epidermis resembling those of Paget disease. These cells have been seen as an incidental finding in a variety of benign papules most commonly located in intertriginous areas. The lesion is considered a reactive process in which a small proportion of the normal population of keratinocytes is altered. Among the triggers for this lesion, friction has been suggested; however, a direct cause-and-effect relationship has not yet been reported. Results: We confirmed the relationship between PD and friction in a biopsy taken from a 19-year-old woman who presented with clinical features indicating exogenously induced bullae and erosions and consented to a biopsy of a lesion immediately after its induction, demonstrating combined features of PD and friction bulla.

The Relationship Between a Seventh-Grade Pupil's Academic Self-Concept and Achievement in Mathematics

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Alfred Morry Bachman
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Mathematics Achievement ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Moment Coefficient ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between mathematics self-concept and mathematics achievement was investigated with a sample of 404 seventh-grade students in the Portland, Oregon, Public Schools. Correlations were obtained using the Pearson product-moment coefficient, for several measures of self-concept of ability and mathematics achievement.A significant relationship was found between self-concept of ability in mathematics and mathematics achievement. For the specific self-concept measures used, mathematics self-concept was found to be the best predictor of mathematics achievement.The results suggest needed research on the question whether there is a cause-and-effect relationship between a student's self-concept of his ability to do mathematics and his achievement. In particular, will a change in self-concept (higher) result in a corresponding change in achievement?

London, Paris, Istanbul, and Cairo: Fashion And International Trade in the Nineteenth Century

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Micklewright
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Women's Dress

This paper is an examination of the relationship between the Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1838 and the transformation in Ottoman women's dress which took place during the nineteenth century. Until now, there has been a tendency to assume a direct cause-and-effect relationship between the Anglo-Turkish Convention and other economic treaties of the period, and fashion. The argument has been that the substantial increase in the volume of imported textiles and other goods led to a change in clothing styles, and indeed to changes in Ottoman taste generally, but my study of Ottoman women's dress indicates that the situation was much more complex. It is clear that the transformation in dress was well under way by the time of the Anglo-Turkish Convention, proceeding at its own rate, tied to events other than the treaty. In this context, fashion represents one of a whole complex of components of culture which, although affected by economic developments, are primarily social phenomena. Examining an area such as fashion (or painting or theater, for instance) will lead to a richer understanding of the period of the Anglo-Turkish Convention.

scholarly journals “Hold infinity in the palm of your hand.” A functional description of time expressions through fingers based on Chinese Sign Language naturalistic data

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Hao Lin ◽  
Yan Gu
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Temporal Sequence ◽  
Functional Description ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Time Representation ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Temporal Connectives ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Little Finger ◽  
Deaf Signers

Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between fingers and time representations in naturalistic Chinese Sign Language (CSL). Based on a CSL Corpus (Shanghai Variant, 2016–), we offer a thorough description of finger configurations for time expressions from 63 deaf signers, including three main types: digital, numeral incorporation, and points-to-fingers. The former two were further divided into vertical and horizontal fingers according to the orientation of fingertips. The results showed that there were interconnections between finger representations, numbers, ordering, and time in CSL. Vertical fingers were mainly used to quantify time units, whereas horizontal fingers were mostly used for sequencing or ordering events, and their forms could be influenced by Chinese number characters and the vertical writing direction. Furthermore, the use of points-to-fingers (e.g., pointing to the thumb, index, or little finger) formed temporal connectives in CSL and could be patterned to put a conversation in order. Additionally, CSL adopted similar linguistic forms in sequential time and adverbs of reason (e.g., cause and effect: events that happened earlier and events that happen later). Such a cause-and-effect relationship was a special type of temporal sequence. In conclusion, fingers are essential for time representation in CSL and their forms are biologically and culturally shaped.

scholarly journals A Student’s Guide to the Classification and Operationalization of Variables in the Conceptualization and Design of a Clinical Study: Part 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chittaranjan Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Know How ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Students without prior research experience may not know how to conceptualize and design a study. This article explains how an understanding of the classification and operationalization of variables is the key to the process. Variables describe aspects of the sample that is under study; they are so called because they vary in value from subject to subject in the sample. Variables may be independent or dependent. Independent variables influence the value of other variables; dependent variables are influenced in value by other variables. A hypothesis states an expected relationship between variables. A significant relationship between an independent and dependent variable does not prove cause and effect; the relationship may partly or wholly be explained by one or more confounding variables. Variables need to be operationalized; that is, defined in a way that permits their accurate measurement. These and other concepts are explained with the help of clinically relevant examples.

scholarly journals Gut mycobiota alterations in patients with COVID-19 and H1N1 infections and their associations with clinical features

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Longxian Lv ◽  
Silan Gu ◽  
Huiyong Jiang ◽  
Ren Yan ◽  
Yanfei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Fungal Burden ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between gut microbes and COVID-19 or H1N1 infections is not fully understood. Here, we compared the gut mycobiota of 67 COVID-19 patients, 35 H1N1-infected patients and 48 healthy controls (HCs) using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 3-ITS4 sequencing and analysed their associations with clinical features and the bacterial microbiota. Compared to HCs, the fungal burden was higher. Fungal mycobiota dysbiosis in both COVID-19 and H1N1-infected patients was mainly characterized by the depletion of fungi such as Aspergillus and Penicillium, but several fungi, including Candida glabrata, were enriched in H1N1-infected patients. The gut mycobiota profiles in COVID-19 patients with mild and severe symptoms were similar. Hospitalization had no apparent additional effects. In COVID-19 patients, Mucoromycota was positively correlated with Fusicatenibacter, Aspergillus niger was positively correlated with diarrhoea, and Penicillium citrinum was negatively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP). In H1N1-infected patients, Aspergillus penicilloides was positively correlated with Lachnospiraceae members, Aspergillus was positively correlated with CRP, and Mucoromycota was negatively correlated with procalcitonin. Therefore, gut mycobiota dysbiosis occurs in both COVID-19 patients and H1N1-infected patients and does not improve until the patients are discharged and no longer require medical attention.

scholarly journals Childhood asthma and vitamin D deficiency in Turkey: is there cause and effect relationship between them?

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Metin Uysalol ◽  
Levent Cem Mutlu ◽  
Gamze Varol Saracoglu ◽  
Erkut Karasu ◽  
Savas Guzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Cause And Effect

scholarly journals Diabetes and sleep: A complex cause-and-effect relationship

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark T.U. Barone ◽  
Luiz Menna-Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Cause And Effect

Facial Temperature in Migraine, Tension-Vascular and Tension Headache

Cephalalgia ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Drummond ◽  
JW Lance
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Superficial Temporal Artery ◽  
Tension Headache ◽  
Temporal Artery ◽  
Vascular Compression ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Vascular Component ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

The relationship between clinical features and changes in the extracranial circulation was studied during 209 separate attacks of headache affecting the anterior part of the head. Extracranial vascular changes were assessed thermographically and by the change in headache intensity when pressure was applied over the superficial temporal and common carotid arteries. In unilateral headaches, increased heat loss from the affected frontotemporal region was observed most frequently in attacks which were temporarily relieved by compression to the superficial temporal artery; thermographic asymmetry disappeared as the headache abated. Although such headaches were associated more frequently with migrainous features than attacks which did not respond to arterial compression, many headaches with clinical features of migraine had no vascular component detectable by thermography or vascular compression. Furthermore, the response to arterial compression was not consistent from one headache to another in the same patient. It was concluded that extracranial vascular changes recur intermittently in headache-prone patients, depending on the severity of pain and association with other features commonly regarded as migrainous. However, there was no clear demarcation point between entities diagnosed clinically as “migraine” and “tension headache”.

Isoniazid as a Cause of Optic Neuritis and Atrophy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-865
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Eye Lesions

Two patients are reported in whom there was an association between the occurrence of optic neuritis with atrophy and the administration of isoniazid for the treatment of tuberculosis. Although a cause and effect relationship was not established, discontinuation of isoniazid therapy in one patient was followed by gradual improvement of the eye lesions. The authors assume that the optic lesions were neurotoxic effects of isoniazid and recommend that pyridoxine be given daily for prophylaxis.

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