scholarly journals Influence of Patient Financial Account Status on Orthodontic Appointment Attendance

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Lindauer ◽  
Jacob A. Powell ◽  
Brian C. Leypoldt ◽  
Eser Tufekci ◽  
Bhavna Shroff
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Medicaid Patient ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Appointment Attendance ◽  
Financial Account ◽  
Made In

Abstract Objective: To test the null hypothesis that the financial status of a patient's orthodontic contract and other patient and appointment characteristics have no influence on appointment attendance. Materials and Methods: During a 6-week period, the last appointment of each active, non-Medicaid patient (n = 538) was recorded as either kept or missed. The financial status of the patient's contract, age, sex, method by which the appointment was made, and the type of appointment scheduled were recorded. Associations between each of these factors and appointment attendance were evaluated using χ2 analysis. In the case of patients who missed their appointment, attendance at the subsequent reappointment was also evaluated. Results: The overall appointment failure rate was 12.3%. Males (16.2%) were significantly more likely than females (9.5%) to miss appointments (P = .02). Also, appointments made by postcard (28.2%) were more likely to be missed than those made in person (11.8%) or by phone (6.5%) (P = .003). The most significant factor affecting appointment attendance was the patient's financial status (P = .0001). Patients with accounts that were overdue (33.3%) or in collections (28.6%) were more likely to miss appointments than those whose accounts were current (10.5%). Of patients who missed their appointment (n = 66), 30% also missed the subsequent reappointment. Conclusions: The null hypothesis was rejected. Patients with delinquent financial accounts were three times as likely to miss an orthodontic appointment as those whose contracts were current. Increased rates of missed orthodontic appointments were also found for males, patients scheduled by mailing a postcard, and patients who had missed their previous appointment.

Temporal Variation of Meristic Traits within an Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Stock, and Implications for Stock Identification

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1330-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Blouw ◽  
S. D. Saxon ◽  
E. M. P. Chadwick
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
River System ◽  
Stock Identification ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Made In

The assumption is generally made in stock identification studies that variation within stocks is not confounded with variation among them. To evaluate whether this assumption is tenable we test the null hypothesis of temporal stability in five key meristic traits of a single stock of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We used smolts collected over a 10-yr period in the downstream migrations from one small river system. Individuals were tagged when captured and preserved, so we can estimate variability within, as well as among, runs. The meristic traits are remarkably homogenous within runs and cohorts. However, the null hypothesis of stability over time among runs and cohorts is strongly rejected for each trait. We conclude that temporal variation is both extensive and persistent. There is limited covariation among the traits, but they are largely independent of scores of environmental variables and of variation in the biological attributes of the stock. Because among-group variability is meaningful only in context of within-group variation, and because the within-group variation is large, our results have serious implications for sampling design in stock identification studies.

scholarly journals Study of the chromatic variation among the anterior maxillary teeth in relation to patients age

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Andrei Constantinovici ◽  
◽  
Mihaela Păuna ◽  
Oana Cella Andrei ◽  
Titus Farcasiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
Color Distribution ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Visual Color ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Age Limits ◽  
Artificial Teeth ◽  
Made In

Objective. The aim of this study is to analyze the variation of color among the maxillary anterior teeth. Additionally, this variation has been correlated with the age of the patients. Means and method. One examiner, free of any visual color deficiencies, has studied the chromatic behavior within the maxillary anterior dental group (13-23) for 30 subjects with ages between 23 and 34. With the help of the Vita Easy Shade (Vita Zahnfabrik – Germany), CIEL*a*b* chromatic parameters have been recorded for each tooth. Chromatic differences have been calculated for each set of adjacent teeth. The stated null hypothesis „There is no statistically relevant correlation between patients age and color variation among the maxillary anterior dental group“ was evaluated with the help of the Spearman/Pearson tests. Additional linear regression calculations have been made in order to estimate the color variation among anterior maxillary teeth in relation to age. Within the age limits of the study group, the estimated color variation has been calculated for the minimum age (23), maximum age (34) and medium age (28.5). Results. The correlations show that age is significantly correlated to the variation in dental color for the pairs 13/12, 12/11 and 22/23 (p<0.05). For the remaining pairs of teeth (11/21 and 21/22) the correlation between age and color variation is not relevant. Within the limits of this study, a tendency for chromatic uniformity has been noticed for 12/11, 11/21, 21/22, the differences becoming imperceptible to the human eye (∆E<2 ) after the age of 33, whereas the canines start to chromatically differentiate from the neighboring incisors around the age of 14-16, the contrast becoming more intense with age. Conclusions. Color is not uniformly distributed among the anterior maxillary teeth, and the chromatic variation is related to patients age. Therefore while restoring the maxillary arch with dentures (complete or partial), the sets of artificial teeth used should respect the color distribution in relation to the patient’s age.

scholarly journals Impact of Acquisitions on Financial Performance of Selected Software Companies in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2415-2419
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Software Companies ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
The Impact

The objective of the study is to examine the impact of Acquisitions on financial status of selected software companies in India. This study is based on Infosys, Panaya, CMC and TCS companies. It also estimates the pre and post-acquisition financial position of companies using financial parameters like Earning per share, Dividend per share, Return on Assets and Net Profit Margin. The period of study is for 6 years which is divided into 3 years for pre-acquisition and 3 years for post-acquisition performance. The data of Acquisitions has collected based on the financial parameters, Paired T-test has used for finding the statistical significance effect and to estimate their performance on merged companies. As the critical value is greater than the calculated value i.e. -2.919>-6.679, Rejected the Null hypothesis, i.e. there is a major difference between performance of pre and post merger as per earning per share. As the calculated value is greater than critical value i.e. 3.64 >2.919, accepted the Null hypothesis, i.e. there is no major difference in the Earning per Share. The terminal goal behind acquisition is to achieve growth in business. A well-analysed and the authentic plan will dramatically improve the chances of getting new implements to be in a competitive world. The strategic partnership of TCS-CMC and INFOSYS- PANAYA will provide few guidance for traditional players.

Statistics-related and reliability-physics-related failure processes in electronics devices and products

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (13) ◽  
pp. 1450105 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Suhir
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Random Processes ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Physics Of Failure ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Decreasing Failure Rate ◽  
Made In

The well known and widely used experimental reliability "passport" of a mass manufactured electronic or a photonic product — the bathtub curve — reflects the combined contribution of the statistics-related and reliability-physics (physics-of-failure)-related processes. When time progresses, the first process results in a decreasing failure rate, while the second process associated with the material aging and degradation leads to an increased failure rate. An attempt has been made in this analysis to assess the level of the reliability physics-related aging process from the available bathtub curve (diagram). It is assumed that the products of interest underwent the burn-in testing and therefore the obtained bathtub curve does not contain the infant mortality portion. It has been also assumed that the two random processes in question are statistically independent, and that the failure rate of the physical process can be obtained by deducting the theoretically assessed statistical failure rate from the bathtub curve ordinates. In the carried out numerical example, the Raleigh distribution for the statistical failure rate was used, for the sake of a relatively simple illustration. The developed methodology can be used in reliability physics evaluations, when there is a need to better understand the roles of the statistics-related and reliability-physics-related irreversible random processes in reliability evaluations. The future work should include investigations on how powerful and flexible methods and approaches of the statistical mechanics can be effectively employed, in addition to reliability physics techniques, to model the operational reliability of electronic and photonic products.

scholarly journals Investigative Process as Check on the Corporate Mismanagement

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Usman Hameed ◽  
Abida Hassan ◽  
Mahwish Mubeen
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Investigative Process ◽  
Made In

A lot of changes have been made in all departments of Pakistan as well as at the worldwide level, and such changes were necessary to be made for the smooth growth of departments and development of countries which ensured not only a good and trustworthy atmosphere but also improved the financial status of many countries. All these changes and developments were possible only with the participation of some developed countries. This article discusses the different aspects of management of the company, which should act in a crystal-clear manner for the benefit of the shareholders. However, when the shareholders are of the view that the management is not functioning according to law to fulfil their aspirations, they can resort to remedies, one of them being investigation. Well organized work can only be guaranteed by preventing monopolies and mismanagement from corporate sectors. It also highlights that how the investigation should be conducted by remaining in possible subsequent sources of corporate management.

Comparison of heparinized and nonheparinized solutions for maintaining patency of arterial and pulmonary artery catheters

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Zevola ◽  
J Dioso ◽  
R Moggio
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Failure Rates ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Catheters ◽  
Catheter Failure

BACKGROUND: Arterial and pulmonary artery catheters are often used in the management of critically ill patients. If heparin were not necessary to maintain the patency of arterial and pulmonary artery catheters, these patients could avoid exposure to heparin. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine if the failure rate of arterial and pulmonary artery catheters differs depending on whether a nonheparinized or heparinized solution is used. The null hypothesis was that catheter failure rates would not differ. METHODS: The study was done at a large tertiary medical center in the northeastern United States, and all subjects who had pulmonary artery or arterial catheters inserted were included in the study. A solution of 1 U of heparin per 1 mL of normal saline was used to maintain the patency of the arterial catheter and the distal portion of the pulmonary artery catheter in one group; normal saline alone was used in the other group. Variables used to monitor catheter patency and the reasons for catheter removal were recorded. RESULTS: Failure rates of pulmonary artery catheters were not significantly different between the two groups. For arterial catheters, however, the failure rate was significantly different between the two groups, regardless of whether the subjects had received other anticoagulants. CONCLUSION: The failure rate of pulmonary artery catheters was not affected by the use of nonheparinized solutions. Arterial catheters failed less often when they were maintained with heparinized solutions. The authors recommend that all arterial catheters be maintained with heparinized solutions, unless use of heparin is contraindicated.

scholarly journals Association Between Pollution Caused by Vehicular Emission And Development of Respiratory Diseases Among Traffic Police Personnel of Peshawar City

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Waseeq Ullah ◽  
Sohaila Ikram ◽  
Nazia Shahana
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vehicular Emission ◽  
Traffic Police ◽  
Pollution Emission ◽  
Police Personnel ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to find the association between pollution caused by vehicular emission and development of respiratory diseases among traffic police personnel in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. There is no doubt that pollution has damaged the environment but the victim is not the environment only. METHODOLOGY: The study included and focused on two variables; one was independent and the other was dependent variable. Therefore, an effort has been made in this research to investigate and evaluate the relationship among the two variables i.e. pollution (independent) and development of respiratory disease (dependent). A questionnaire was distributed among 250 traffic personnel but only 154 became the part of this study because the study included only non-smokers. The questionnaire consisted of 27 questions which comprised of open ended and closed ended questions. RESULTS: After gathering the data, correlation was run over the data to find the relationship. It found that there was a positive and significant relationship between pollution emission by vehicles and development of respiratory diseases. CONCLUSION: Therefore, hypothesis 1 was accepted and the null hypothesis was rejected.

scholarly journals Surgical Management with Particular Reference to Failure Rate in a Case Series of 1498 Consecutive Cases of Chalazion Incision and Curettage by a Single Practitioner

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Nicholas James Cook
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Diagnostic Biopsy ◽  
Made In

A series of 1498 consecutive vertical incisions of chalazia was studied by the author to examine the spectrum of epidemiological presentation of chalazia for a population, the failure rate for incision and curettage and how each failure was managed. The number of incisions made in each chalazion was also examined as the author had developed an impression over the years that a better success rate was achieved with more than one incision. Using 3 vertical incisions, the 7.6% failure rate is considerably lower than previous studies in the literature in which only one incision was undertaken. This case series also supports a practical pragmatic approach as to how to manage failure of incision and curettage and questions the need for routine diagnostic biopsy to exclude ocular sebaceous cell carcinoma after first failure in incision and curettage.

scholarly journals АНАЛІЗ НАДІЙНОСТІ ШАСІ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОГО ПАСАЖИРСЬКОГО ЛІТАКА АН-140 НА ПОЧАТКОВОМУ ЕТАПІ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
А. К. Мялица ◽  
C. Ш. Шаабдиев
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
General Information ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Landing Gear ◽  
Aircraft Maintenance ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Periodic Maintenance ◽  
Passenger Aircraft ◽  
Made In

The article presents an analysis of the reliability of the chassis of the regional passenger aircraft AN - 140 at the initial stage of operation, as well as general information about the aircraft, front and main supports of its landing gear. The average failure rate and the total number of failures over a period of time are used as reliability indicators. The calculation of reliability indicators is based on failures detected during periodic maintenance (PM) of aircraft on planned forms 1H - 4H in the maintenance organization Part - 145 and entered into defective statements in accordance with the Management Maintenance Organization. These forms are made in accordance with the Aircraft Maintenance Manual of AN - 140 with a frequency of 500±50 flight hours. To analyze the reliability of the chassis selected a fleet of six aircraft AN - 140 and AN - 140 - 100 with a total flight of 12,000 hours and is divided into three groups by the date of their manufacture and the improvements made on them - "Leader Planes," "Refined Aircraft" and "Serial Aircraft". The condition of sampling the fleet of aircraft is the flight time of 2000 hours for each instance and the execution of four forms of PM on a swoop to form 4N. The dependence of the number of failures of the landing gear of each aircraft on the shape of the PM, the average flight of failure of the fleet and each aircraft individually, the total number of failures of the landing system for each instance of the aircraft, the most denied elements of the main and front landing gear of the aircraft are presented.Based on the results of the analysis of these reliability indicators, both generalized conclusions on the distribution of the number of failures by groups and aircraft instances, and on the specific most denied elements of the chassis system as a whole are presented. The tendency to reduce the number of failures and increase the average flight to failure, depending on the duration of aircraft operation and the manufacture date, has been revealed.

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-370
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Swiss Franc ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Investment Portfolio ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
International Bank ◽  
Board Of Governors ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
Grand Duchy ◽  
Made In

In a statement of February 1, 1951, the International Bank reported on its financial status and operations for the period from June 30 to December 31, 1950. Net income for the last six months of 1950 amounted to $7,574,631 as compared with $6,672,667 for the first half of the year. Placed in the General Reserve against losses on loans and guarantees, this income increased the reserve to $34,572,901. Gross income for the period was $13,370,710 after deducting loan commissions of $3,114,702 which were appropriated to the Special Reserve which, as of December 31, amounted to $16,851,907. Applications for membership were received from Burma, Indonesia, Hashemite Kingdom of the Jordan and Sweden but final action had not been taken on these applications by the Board of Governors. Since September 30, 1950, three additional countries authorized the Bank to use part or all of their eighteen percent currency subscription for loans; this eighteen percent of a member's capital subscription could not be lent without the member's permission under the Articles of Agreement of the Bank. In December 1950 the Bank sold without its guarantee the following bonds from its investment portfolio: $50,000 of Credit National (France), $50,000 of Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, $50,000 of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and 2,650,000 Swiss franc bonds of the Herstelbank of the Netherlands. Loans totalling $206,900,000 were made in the last half of 1950 and an additional $65,000,000 was lent early in 1951, bringing to $1,088,375,000 the total of loans made since the Bank began operations.

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