scholarly journals Functional Lateral Shift of the Mandible Effects on the Expression of ECM in Rat Temporomandibular Cartilage

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 652-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanapan Wattanachai ◽  
Ikuo Yonemitsu ◽  
Sawa Kaneko ◽  
Kunimichi Soma
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Lateral Shift ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Condylar Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components

Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that the effects of mechanical stress from a functional lateral shift of the mandible have no effect on the expression of two main condylar cartilage extracellular matrix components, type II collagen and aggrecan, in rats from early puberty to young adulthood. Materials and Methods: Functional lateral shift of the mandible was induced in experimental groups of 5-week-old male Wistar rats, using guiding appliances. The rats were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days post appliance attachment. The condyles were immunohistochemically evaluated for type II collagen and aggrecan (the immunoreactive areas were quantified). Results: As compared with the control group, on the contralateral condyles, the immunoreactivity of the experimental groups was significantly increased from 7 to 14 days. While on the ipsilateral condyles, the immunoreactive areas were significantly decreased throughout the experimental period. Conclusion: A functional lateral shift of the mandible modulated the condylar cartilage extracellular matrix differently on each side of the condyle, which affected condylar morphology, growth, biomechanical properties, and even the susceptibility of the condylar cartilage to pathogenesis.

Effect of functional lateral shift of the mandible on hyaluronic acid metabolism related to lubrication of temporomandibular joint in growing rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 658-663
Author(s):  
Xiyuan Guo ◽  
Ippei Watari ◽  
Yuhei Ikeda ◽  
Wu Yang ◽  
Takashi Ono
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Lateral Shift ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Condylar Cartilage ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Shift Group ◽  
Recovery Group

Summary Background Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major molecular component of the articular cartilage of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) influencing joint lubrication. Functional lateral shift of the mandible (FLSM) can lead to malocclusion. This study investigated the effects of FLSM on HA metabolism and lubrication of the TMJ in growing rats. Methods Thirty 5-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into shift, recovery, and control groups. Rats in the shift and recovery groups were fitted with guiding plates to produce a 2-mm FLSM which were removed from the rats in the recovery group 14 days later. Animals were sacrificed at 14 and 28 days after the appliances were attached. Immunohistochemistry of HA-binding protein (HABP), hyaluronan synthase (HAS), and hyaluronoglucosaminidases (HYALs) was examined. Results The thickness of HABP-positively stained areas in the lateral regions in the bilateral condyle was reduced during the experimental period in the shift group compared with that in the control group. The proportion of HAS2-stained areas was bilaterally decreased in different regions of condylar cartilage during the experimental period in the shift group. The reduction of the HYAL2-stained area proportion in the condylar cartilage was more significant than that of HYAL1 at 14 days after appliance attachment in the shift group. HAS2 staining was not recovered in the recovery group. Limitations This research was based on animal experiments with a limited experimental period. Conclusion FLSM altered lubrication related HA metabolism in the articular cartilage of the TMJ in growing rats.

The Formation of Cartilage Extracellular Matrix

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
B.M. Vertel
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Normal Cartilage ◽  
Link Protein ◽  
Cartilage Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Compression Type

Normal cartilage function is dependent upon the unique structural properties of the extensive extracellular matrix (ECM). In final assembled form, the ECM of hyaline cartilage is composed of abundant amounts of proteoglycan (PG) and type II collagen. Additional collagens and glycoproteins may be important structural components as well. Through their concentration of negative charges, PGs confer upon the cartilage ECM the ability to retain high levels of hydration and thereby resist compression. Type II collagen fibers contribute to the tensile strength of cartilage.In the cartilage ECM, PG monomers associate with hyaluronic acid and link protein to form large aggregates. In turn, PG aggregates are associated with the fibrous meshwork of type II collagen. Interactions with other ECM molecules may occur as well. The cartilage matrix constituents are themselves large and complex. For example, the PG monomer is 1-5 x 106 daltons in size and contains a core protein of Mr >300K (comprising only 8-10% of the complete monomer).

scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of triamcinolone acetonide or platelet-rich plasma on expression of extracellular matrix-related genes in equine healthy chondrocytes in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloisa Einloft Palma ◽  
Miguel Gallio ◽  
Gabriele Biavaschi da Silva ◽  
Camila Cantarelli ◽  
Kalyne Bertolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Healthy Cartilage ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

ABSTRACT: In healthy cartilage, chondrocytes maintain an expression of collagens and proteoglycans and are sensitive to growth factors and cytokines that either enhance or reduce type II collagen synthesis. In osteoarthritis, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, induce overexpression of metalloproteinases (MMP) and decreasing synthesis of aggrecan. Use of chondroprotectors agents, such as Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and triamcinolone (TA) are alternatives to reduce the progression of joint damage. In this study, we used chondrocytes extracted from metacarpophalangeal joints of healthy horses as the experimental model. Cells were treated in vitro with PRP or TA. No differences were observed between these treatments in comparison to the control group when the expressions of MMP9, MMP13, IL-6 and ACAN genes were evaluated (P<0.05). With these results, we can suggest that the treatments were not deleterious to equine cultured chondrocyte, once they did not stimulate MMPs and IL-6 synthesis or caused changes in ACAN.

scholarly journals Effects of Extracellular Matrix on the Morphology and Behaviour of Rabbit Auricular Chondrocytes in Culture

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vega Villar-Suárez ◽  
B. Colaço ◽  
I. Calles-Venal ◽  
I. G. Bravo ◽  
J. G. Fernández-Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Protein Extract ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Reticular Pattern ◽  
Chondrocyte Cultures ◽  
Plastic Surfaces

Isolated chondrocytes dedifferentiate to a fibroblast-like shape on plastic substrata and proliferate extensively, but rarely form nodules. However, when dissociation is not complete and some cartilage remnants are included in the culture, proliferation decreases and cells grow in a reticular pattern with numerous nodules, which occasionally form small cartilage-like fragments. In an attempt to reproduce this stable chondrogenic state, we added a cartilage protein extract, a sugar extract, and hyaluronan to the medium of previously dedifferentiated chondrocytes. When protein extract was added, many cartilaginous nodules appeared. Hyaluronan produced changes in cell phenotype and behaviour, but not nodule formation. Protein extract has positive effects on the differentiation of previously proliferated chondrocytes and permits nodule formation and the extensive production of type-II collagen. A comparison with incompletely dissociated chondrocyte cultures suggests that the presence of some living cells anchored to their natural extracellular matrix provides some important additional factors for the phenotypical stability of chondrocytes on plastic surfaces. In order to elucidate if it is possible that the incidence of apoptosis is related to the results, we also characterized the molecular traits of apoptosis.

scholarly journals Combining Innovative Bioink and Low Cell Density for the Production of 3D-Bioprinted Cartilage Substitutes: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Henrionnet ◽  
Léa Pourchet ◽  
Paul Neybecker ◽  
Océane Messaoudi ◽  
Pierre Gillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Encapsulation ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Matrix Synthesis ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Low Concentration

3D bioprinting offers interesting opportunities for 3D tissue printing by providing living cells with appropriate scaffolds with a dedicated structure. Biological advances in bioinks are currently promising for cell encapsulation, particularly that of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We present herein the development of cartilage implants by 3D bioprinting that deliver MSCs encapsulated in an original bioink at low concentration. 3D-bioprinted constructs (10×10×4 mm) were printed using alginate/gelatin/fibrinogen bioink mixed with human bone marrow MSCs. The influence of the bioprinting process and chondrogenic differentiation on MSC metabolism, gene profiles, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production at two different MSC concentrations (1 million or 2 million cells/mL) was assessed on day 28 (D28) by using MTT tests, real-time RT-PCR, and histology and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Then, the effect of the environment (growth factors such as TGF-β1/3 and/or BMP2 and oxygen tension) on chondrogenicity was evaluated at a 1 M cell/mL concentration on D28 and D56 by measuring mitochondrial activity, chondrogenic gene expression, and the quality of cartilaginous matrix synthesis. We confirmed the safety of bioextrusion and gelation at concentrations of 1 million and 2 million MSC/mL in terms of cellular metabolism. The chondrogenic effect of TGF-β1 was verified within the substitute on D28 by measuring chondrogenic gene expression and ECM synthesis (glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen) on D28. The 1 M concentration represented the best compromise. We then evaluated the influence of various environmental factors on the substitutes on D28 (differentiation) and D56 (synthesis). Chondrogenic gene expression was maximal on D28 under the influence of TGF-β1 or TGF-β3 either alone or in combination with BMP-2. Hypoxia suppressed the expression of hypertrophic and osteogenic genes. ECM synthesis was maximal on D56 for both glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen, particularly in the presence of a combination of TGF-β1 and BMP-2. Continuous hypoxia did not influence matrix synthesis but significantly reduced the appearance of microcalcifications within the extracellular matrix. The described strategy is very promising for 3D bioprinting by the bioextrusion of an original bioink containing a low concentration of MSCs followed by the culture of the substitutes in hypoxic conditions under the combined influence of TGF-β1 and BMP-2.

Effects of bio-mimic collagen II-g-hyaluronic acid copolymers on chondrocyte maintenance

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 373-385
Author(s):  
Kuan Wei Lee ◽  
Tang-Ching Kuan ◽  
Ming Wei Lee ◽  
Chen Show Yang ◽  
Lain-Chyr Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Human Cartilage

Extracellular matrix has an important part of the role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, so it is necessary to understand the various interactions between cells and extracellular matrix. Type II collagen and hyaluronic acid are the major structural components of the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage, and they are involved in fibril formation, entanglement and binding. The aim of this study was to prepare type II collagen fibrils with surface grafted with hyaluronic acid modified at the reducing end. The topographic pattern of type II collagen fibrils showed a significant change after the surface coupling of hyaluronic acid according to atomic force microscopy scanning. The presence of hyaluronic acid on the type II collagen fibrillar surface was confirmed by the specific binding of nanogold labelled with lectin. No significant increase in cell proliferation was detected by a WST-1 assay. According to histochemical examination, the maintenance of the round shape of chondrocytes and increased glycosaminoglycan secretion revealed that these cell pellets with Col II- g-hyaluronic acid molecules contained un-dedifferentiated chondrocytes in vitro. In the mixture with the 220-kDa Col II- g-hyaluronic acid copolymer, the expression of type II collagen and aggrecan genes in chondrocytes increased as demonstrated by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Experimental results show that the amount of hyaluronic acid added during culturing of chondrocytes can maintain the functionality of chondrocytes and thus allow for increased cell proliferation that is suitable for tissue repair of human cartilage.

Facilitating In Vivo Articular Cartilage Repair by Tissue-Engineered Cartilage Grafts Produced From Auricular Chondrocytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Chean Wong ◽  
Chih-Hwa Chen ◽  
Li-Hsuan Chiu ◽  
Yang-Hwei Tsuang ◽  
Meng-Yi Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Articular Chondrocytes ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Articular Cartilage Repair ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Cell Conversion

Background: Insufficient cell numbers still present a challenge for articular cartilage repair. Converting heterotopic auricular chondrocytes by extracellular matrix may be the solution. Hypothesis: Specific extracellular matrix may convert the phenotype of auricular chondrocytes toward articular cartilage for repair. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: For in vitro study, rabbit auricular chondrocytes were cultured in monolayer for several passages until reaching status of dedifferentiation. Later, they were transferred to chondrogenic type II collagen (Col II)–coated plates for further cell conversion. Articular chondrogenic profiles, such as glycosaminoglycan deposition, articular chondrogenic gene, and protein expression, were evaluated after 14-day cultivation. Furthermore, 3-dimensional constructs were fabricated using Col II hydrogel-associated auricular chondrocytes, and their histological and biomechanical properties were analyzed. For in vivo study, focal osteochondral defects were created in the rabbit knee joints, and auricular Col II constructs were implanted for repair. Results: The auricular chondrocytes converted by a 2-step protocol expressed specific profiles of chondrogenic molecules associated with articular chondrocytes. The histological and biomechanical features of converted auricular chondrocytes became similar to those of articular chondrocytes when cultivated with Col II 3-dimensional scaffolds. In an in vivo animal model of osteochondral defects, the treated group (auricular Col II) showed better cartilage repair than did the control groups (sham, auricular cells, and Col II). Histological analyses revealed that cartilage repair was achieved in the treated groups with abundant type II collagen and glycosaminoglycans syntheses rather than elastin expression. Conclusion: The study confirmed the feasibility of applying heterotopic chondrocytes for cartilage repair via extracellular matrix–induced cell conversion. Clinical Relevance: This study proposes a feasible methodology to convert heterotopic auricular chondrocytes for articular cartilage repair, which may serve as potential alternative sources for cartilage repair.

Effect of chedu and mattha on growth performance of Murrah buffalo calves

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Jyoti Palod ◽  
Himani Tewari ◽  
Balwan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Murrah Buffalo ◽  
Treatment Groups

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of chedu and mattha on growth performance of Murrah buffalo calves. To assess the effect of chedu and mattha on growth rate, 20 growing buffalo calves of around 1 year of age and approximately of same weights were selected and were divided into 4 treatment groups having 5 animals in each group. The animals had access to ad libitum berseem hay as the basal roughage T0 (Control), T1 (Administration of mattha @ 2% of body weight with salt @ 0.5% of mattha), T2 (Application of chedu on their body @ 150 g per animal), T3 (Administration of mattha and application of chedu). Body weight of all buffalo calves was recorded at 15 days interval during the experimental period. From 75th day of experiment, significant effect (P<0.05) was observed in body weight, heart girth and height at withers of treatment groups as compared to control group whereas, body length and paunch girth showed significant effect (P<0.05) on 90th day of experiment. The results further indicated that use of chedu and mattha improved the health status of the calves and helped to attain a comparatively higher body weight and an early puberty. It can be concluded on the basis of findings of present research work that the use of chedu and mattha may be recommended for supplementation of calves’ diet, as it improves the health status of the calves and helps in the attainment of higher body weight and an early onset of puberty in the calves.

Experimental Study on Construction of Tissue Engineered Bone by Autologous Oxygen Release Nano-Bionic Scaffold Combined with Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Induced Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1254-1260
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Hongfang Wei ◽  
Chengdong Hu ◽  
Dongfeng Li ◽  
Xiwei Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Oxygen Release ◽  
Fracture Group ◽  
Bionic Scaffold ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are used for bone tissue engineering. BMP-2 and autologous oxygen-releasing nano-bionic scaffolds promote bone differentiation of BMSCs. Our study intends to evaluate the role of autologous oxygen-releasing nano-bionic scaffolds combined with BMP-2-induced BMSCs in the construction of tissue engineered bone. Rat BMSCs were isolated and transfected with NC (negative control group) and BMP-2 (BMP-2 plasmid group), respectively. Healthy male SD rats were randomly and equally divided into fracture group, negative control group and the BMP-2 group which was implanted with autologous oxygen-releasing nano-bionic scaffolds to synthesize BMSCs and transfected with BMP-2 plasmids respectively followed by analysis of osteophytes growth, ALP activity, expression of BMP-2, type II collagen, Runx2 and OC by real time PCR, TGF-β1 secretion by ELISA and BMP-2 protein expression by western blot. BMSCs induced by autologous oxygen release nano-bionic scaffold combined with BMP-2 can significantly promote the increase of bone mineral density, increase the expression of Runx2 and OC, promote ALP activity, upregulate type II collagen, BMP-2 mRNA and protein, and TGF-β1 secretion compared to fracture group (P < 0.05). The BMSCs induced by autologous oxygen-releasing nanobionic scaffolds transfected with BMP-2 had a more significant effect on bone repair. Autologous oxygen-releasing nano-bionic scaffolds combined with BMP-2-induced BMSCs can promote bone healing by regulating BMP-2 and increasing osteogenesis at the bone defect.

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